1
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Jangra S, Landers JJ, Laghlali G, Rathnasinghe R, Warang P, Park SC, O'Konek JJ, Singh G, Janczak KW, García-Sastre A, Arya N, Karadag D, Baker JR, Schotsaert M, Wong PT. Multicomponent intranasal adjuvant for mucosal and durable systemic SARS-CoV-2 immunity in young and aged mice. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:96. [PMID: 37386041 PMCID: PMC10310740 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple FDA-approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently provide excellent protection against severe disease. Despite this, immunity can wane relatively fast, particularly in the elderly and novel viral variants capable of evading infection- and vaccination-induced immunity continue to emerge. Intranasal (IN) vaccination more effectively induces mucosal immune responses than parenteral vaccines, which would improve protection and reduce viral transmission. Here, we developed a rationally designed IN adjuvant consisting of a combined nanoemulsion (NE)-based adjuvant and an RNA-based RIG-I agonist (IVT DI) to drive more robust, broadly protective antibody and T cell responses. We previously demonstrated this combination adjuvant (NE/IVT) potently induces protective immunity through synergistic activation of an array of innate receptors. We now demonstrate that NE/IVT with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), induces robust and durable humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses of equivalent magnitude and quality in young and aged mice. This contrasted with the MF59-like intramuscular adjuvant, Addavax, which showed a decrease in immunogenicity with age. Robust antigen-specific IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF-α was induced in both young and aged NE/IVT-immunized animals, which is significant as their reduced production is associated with suboptimal protective immunity in the elderly. These findings highlight the potential of adjuvanted mucosal vaccines for improving protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Landers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Laghlali
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seok-Chan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Korea
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jessica J O'Konek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katarzyna W Janczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nandini Arya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dilara Karadag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Pamela T Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Jangra S, Landers JJ, Laghlali G, Rathnasinghe R, O’Konek JJ, Janczak KW, García-Sastre A, Baker JR, Schotsaert M, Wong PT. A multicomponent intranasal adjuvant drives durable humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in young and aged mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2457013. [PMID: 36711479 PMCID: PMC9882683 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2457013/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple FDA-approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines provide excellent protection against severe disease. Despite this, immunity can wane relatively fast, particularly in the elderly and novel viral variants capable of evading infection- and vaccination-induced immunity continue to emerge. Intranasal (IN) vaccination more effectively induces mucosal immune responses than parenteral vaccines, which would improve protection and reduce viral transmission. Here, we developed a rationally designed IN adjuvant consisting of a combined nanoemulsion (NE)-based adjuvant and an RNA-based RIG-I agonist (IVT DI) to drive more robust, broadly protective antibody and T cell responses. We previously demonstrated this combination adjuvant (NE/IVT) potently induces protective immunity through synergistic activation of an array of innate receptors. We now demonstrate that NE/IVT with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), induces robust and durable humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses of equivalent magnitude and quality in young and aged mice. This contrasted with the MF59-like intramuscular adjuvant, Addavax, which showed a marked decrease in immunogenicity with age. Robust antigen-specific IFNγ/IL-2/TNF-α was induced in both young and aged NE/IVT-immunized animals, which is significant as their reduced production is associated with suboptimal protective immunity in the elderly. These findings highlight the potential of adjuvanted mucosal vaccines for improving protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Landers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gabriel Laghlali
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica. J. O’Konek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katarzyna W. Janczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Department of of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - James R. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela T. Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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3
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Jangra S, Landers JJ, Rathnasinghe R, O’Konek JJ, Janczak KW, Cascalho M, Kennedy AA, Tai AW, Baker JR, Schotsaert M, Wong PT. A Combination Adjuvant for the Induction of Potent Antiviral Immune Responses for a Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Protein Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729189. [PMID: 34603303 PMCID: PMC8481386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have received EUAs, but many issues remain unresolved, including duration of conferred immunity and breadth of cross-protection. Adjuvants that enhance and shape adaptive immune responses that confer broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants will be pivotal for long-term protection as drift variants continue to emerge. We developed an intranasal, rationally designed adjuvant integrating a nanoemulsion (NE) that activates TLRs and NLRP3 with an RNA agonist of RIG-I (IVT DI). The combination adjuvant with spike protein antigen elicited robust responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mice, with markedly enhanced TH1-biased cellular responses and high virus-neutralizing antibody titers towards both homologous SARS-CoV-2 and a variant harboring the N501Y mutation shared by B1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 variants. Furthermore, passive transfer of vaccination-induced antibodies protected naive mice against heterologous viral challenge. NE/IVT DI enables mucosal vaccination, and has the potential to improve the immune profile of a variety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates to provide effective cross-protection against future drift variants.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cross Protection/immunology
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunization, Passive
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Landers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica J. O’Konek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katarzyna W. Janczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrew A. Kennedy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrew W. Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James R. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela T. Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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4
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Jangra S, Landers JJ, Rathnasinghe R, O'Konek JJ, Janczak KW, Cascalho M, Kennedy AA, Tai AW, Baker JR, Schotsaert M, Wong PT. A Combination Adjuvant for the Induction of Potent Antiviral Immune Responses for a Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Protein Vaccine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.02.18.431484. [PMID: 33619480 PMCID: PMC7899444 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.18.431484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have received EUAs, but many issues remain unresolved, including duration of conferred immunity and breadth of cross-protection. Adjuvants that enhance and shape adaptive immune responses that confer broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants will be pivotal for long-term protection. We developed an intranasal, rationally designed adjuvant integrating a nanoemulsion (NE) that activates TLRs and NLRP3 with an RNA agonist of RIG-I (IVT DI). The combination adjuvant with spike protein antigen elicited robust responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mice, with markedly enhanced T H 1-biased cellular responses and high virus-neutralizing antibody titers towards both homologous SARS-CoV-2 and a variant harboring the N501Y mutation shared by B1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 variants. Furthermore, passive transfer of vaccination-induced antibodies protected naive mice against heterologous viral challenge. NE/IVT DI enables mucosal vaccination, and has the potential to improve the immune profile of a variety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates to provide effective cross-protection against future drift variants.
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5
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Farazuddin M, Landers JJ, Janczak KW, Lindsey HK, Finkelman FD, Baker JR, O'Konek JJ. Mucosal Nanoemulsion Allergy Vaccine Suppresses Alarmin Expression and Induces Bystander Suppression of Reactivity to Multiple Food Allergens. Front Immunol 2021; 12:599296. [PMID: 33717078 PMCID: PMC7946984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.599296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that intranasal immunotherapy with allergens formulated in a nanoemulsion (NE) mucosal adjuvant suppresses Th2/IgE-mediated allergic responses and protects from allergen challenge in murine food allergy models. Protection conferred by this therapy is associated with strong suppression of allergen specific Th2 cellular immunity and increased Th1 cytokines. Here we extend these studies to examine the effect of NE-allergen immunization in mice sensitized to multiple foods. Mice were sensitized to both egg and peanut and then received NE vaccine formulated with either one or both of these allergens. The animals were then subjected to oral challenges with either egg or peanut to assess reactivity. Immunization with NE formulations containing both egg and peanut markedly reduced reactivity after oral allergen challenge with either allergen. Interestingly, mice that received the vaccine containing only peanut also had reduced reactivity to challenge with egg. Protection from oral allergen challenge was achieved despite the persistence of allergen-specific IgE and was associated with strong suppression of both Th2-polarized immune responses, alarmins and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). NE-induced bystander suppression of reactivity required IFN-γ and the presence of an allergen in the NE vaccine. These results demonstrate that anaphylactic reactions to food allergens can be suppressed using allergen-specific immunotherapy without having to eliminate allergen-specific IgE and suggests that modulation of Th2 immunity towards one allergen may induce bystander effects that suppress reactivity to other allergens through the induction of IFN-γ and suppression of alarmins in the intestine. In addition, these data suggest that a NE vaccine for a single food allergen may lead to a global suppression of allergic responses to multiple foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farazuddin
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Landers
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katarzyna W Janczak
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hayley K Lindsey
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - James R Baker
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jessica J O'Konek
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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6
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Huang CH, Huang CY, Ho HM, Lee CH, Lai PT, Wu SC, Liu SJ, Huang MH. Nanoemulsion adjuvantation strategy of tumor-associated antigen therapy rephrases mucosal and immunotherapeutic signatures following intranasal vaccination. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001022. [PMID: 33037116 PMCID: PMC7549439 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emulsion adjuvants are a potent tool for effective vaccination; however, the size matters on mucosal signatures and the mechanism of action following intranasal vaccination remains unclear. Here, we launch a mechanistic study to address how mucosal membrane interacts with nanoemulsion of a well-defined size at cellular level and to elucidate the impact of size on tumor-associated antigen therapy. METHODS The squalene-based emulsified particles at the submicron/nanoscale could be elaborated by homogenization/extrusion. The mucosal signatures following intranasal delivery in mice were evaluated by combining whole-mouse genome microarray and immunohistochemical analysis. The immunological signatures were tested by assessing their ability to influence the transportation of a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) across nasal mucosal membranes and drive cellular immunity in vivo. Finally, the cancer immunotherapeutic efficacy is monitored by assessing tumor-associated antigen models consisting of OVA protein and tumor cells expressing OVA epitope. RESULTS Uniform structures with ~200 nm in size induce the emergence of membranous epithelial cells and natural killer cells in nasal mucosal tissues, facilitate the delivery of protein antigen across the nasal mucosal membrane and drive broad-spectrum antigen-specific T-cell immunity in nasal mucosal tissues as well as in the spleen. Further, intranasal vaccination of the nanoemulsion could assist the antigen to generate potent antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. When combined with immunotherapeutic models, such an effective antigen-specific cytotoxic activity allowed the tumor-bearing mice to reach up to 50% survival 40 days after tumor inoculation; moreover, the optimal formulation significantly attenuated lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of any immunostimulator, only 0.1% content of squalene-based nanoemulsion could rephrase the mucosal signatures following intranasal vaccination and induce broad-spectrum antigen-specific cellular immunity, thereby improving the efficacy of tumor-associated antigen therapy against in situ and metastatic tumors. These results provide critical mechanistic insights into the adjuvant activity of nanoemulsion and give directions for the design and optimization of mucosal delivery for vaccine and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Ho
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ti Lai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Wong PT, Goff PH, Sun RJ, Ruge MJ, Ermler ME, Sebring A, O'Konek JJ, Landers JJ, Janczak KW, Sun W, Baker JR. Combined Intranasal Nanoemulsion and RIG-I Activating RNA Adjuvants Enhance Mucosal, Humoral, and Cellular Immunity to Influenza Virus. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:679-698. [PMID: 32491861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current influenza virus vaccines are focused on humoral immunity and are limited by the short duration of protection, narrow cross-strain efficacy, and suboptimal immunogenicity. Here, we combined two chemically and biologically distinct adjuvants, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) and RNA-based agonists of RIG-I, to determine whether the diverse mechanisms of these adjuvants could lead to improved immunogenicity and breadth of protection against the influenza virus. NE activates TLRs, stimulates immunogenic apoptosis, and enhances cellular antigen uptake, leading to a balanced TH1/TH2/TH17 response when administered intranasally. RIG-I agonists included RNAs derived from Sendai and influenza viral defective interfering RNAs (IVT DI, 3php, respectively) and RIG-I/TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C) (pIC), which induce IFN-Is and TH1-polarized responses. NE/RNA combined adjuvants potentially allow for costimulation of multiple innate immune receptor pathways, more closely mimicking patterns of activation occurring during natural viral infection. Mice intranasally immunized with inactivated A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR/8) adjuvanted with NE/IVT DI or NE/3php (but not NE/pIC) showed synergistic enhancement of systemic PR/8-specific IgG with significantly greater avidity and virus neutralization activity than the individual adjuvants. Notably, NE/IVT DI induced protective neutralizing titers after a single immunization. Hemagglutinin stem-specific antibodies were also improved, allowing recognition of heterologous and heterosubtypic hemagglutinins. All NE/RNAs elicited substantial PR/8-specific sIgA. Finally, a unique cellular response with enhanced TH1/TH17 immunity was induced with the NE/RNAs. These results demonstrate that the enhanced immunogenicity of the adjuvant combinations was synergistic and not simply additive, highlighting the potential value of a combined adjuvant approach for improving the efficacy of vaccination against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela T Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter H Goff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Rachel J Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew J Ruge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Megan E Ermler
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Alyssa Sebring
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica J O'Konek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Landers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarzyna W Janczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Intranasal nanoemulsion-adjuvanted HSV-2 subunit vaccine is effective as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine using the guinea pig model of genital herpes. Vaccine 2019; 37:6470-6477. [PMID: 31515143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease representing a major global health concern. Currently, there is no approved vaccine and existing antiviral therapies exhibit limited efficacy. Herein, we describe an intranasal (IN) vaccine comprised of HSV-2 surface glycoproteins gD2 and gB2 formulated in a nanoemulsion adjuvant (NE01-gD2/gB2). Using the HSV-2 genital herpes guinea pig model, we demonstrate that IN NE01-gD2/gB2 induces higher levels of neutralizing antibody compared to a monovalent IN NE01-gD2 vaccine, but less than an intramuscular (IM) Alum/MPL-gD2 vaccine. Following intravaginal (IVag) challenge with HSV-2, the group immunized with IN NE01-gD2/gB2 exhibited significantly reduced acute and recurrent disease scores compared to placebo recipients. Significantly, latent virus was only detected in the dorsal root ganglia of 1 of 12 IN NE01-gD2/gB2-vaccinated animals compared to 11 of 12 placebo recipient. In the therapeutic model, IN NE01-gD2/gB2 immunized guinea pigs exhibited a significant reduction in the recurrent lesions scores (64%, p < 0.01), number of animal days with disease (64%, p < 0.01), number of animals with viral shedding (50%, p < 0.04) and reduction in virus positive vaginal swabs (56%, p < 0.04), These data suggests that the treatment may be effective in treating chronic disease and minimizing virus transmission. These results warrant advancing the development of IN NE01-gD2/gB2 as both a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against HSV-2.
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9
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Beugeling M, De Zee J, Woerdenbag HJ, Frijlink HW, Wilschut JC, Hinrichs WLJ. Respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins intended for pregnant women and the elderly. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:935-950. [PMID: 31446807 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1657013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes high morbidity and mortality rates among infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide. Unfortunately, a safe and effective vaccine is still unavailable. In 1966, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine failed and resulted in the death of two young children. This failure shifted research toward the development of subunit-based vaccines for pregnant women (to passively vaccinate infants) and the elderly. Among these subunit-based vaccines, the viral envelope glycoproteins show great potential as antigens. Areas covered: In this review, progress in the development of safe and effective subunit RSV vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins and intended for pregnant women and the elderly, are reviewed and discussed. Studies published in the period 2012-2018 were included. Expert opinion: Researchers are close to bringing safe and effective subunit-based RSV vaccines to the market using the viral envelope glycoproteins as antigens. However, it remains a major challenge to elicit protective immunity, with a formulation that has sufficient (storage) stability. These issues may be overcome by using the RSV fusion protein in its pre-fusion conformation, and by formulating this protein as a dry powder. It may further be convenient to administer this powder via the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jildou De Zee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Herman J Woerdenbag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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10
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Knauer N, Pashkina E, Apartsin E. Topological Aspects of the Design of Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E91. [PMID: 30795556 PMCID: PMC6410174 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry holds great potential for the design of versatile and safe carriers for therapeutic proteins and peptides. Nanocarriers can be designed to meet specific criteria for given application (exact drug, administration route, target tissue, etc.). However, alterations in the topology of formulation components can drastically change their activity. This is why the supramolecular topology of therapeutic nanoconstructions has to be considered. Herein, we discuss several topological groups used for the design of nanoformulations for peptide and protein delivery: modification of polypeptide chains by host-guest interactions; packaging of proteins and peptides into liposomes; complexation and conjugation with dendrimers. Each topological type has its own advantages and disadvantages, so careful design of nanoformulations is needed. Ideally, each case where nanomedicine is needed requires a therapeutic construction specially created for that taking into account features of the administration route, target tissue, or organ, properties of a drug, its bioavailability, etc. The wide number of studies in the field of protein delivery by supramolecular and nanocarriers for proteins and peptides evidence their increasing potential for different aspects of the innovative medicine. Although significant progress has been achieved in the field, there are several remaining challenges to be overcome in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Knauer
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14, Yadrinthevskaya str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Pashkina
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14, Yadrinthevskaya str., 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8, Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2, Pirogov str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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11
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Lambkin-Williams R, Noulin N, Mann A, Catchpole A, Gilbert AS. The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics. Respir Res 2018; 19:123. [PMID: 29929556 PMCID: PMC6013893 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Viral Challenge (HVC) model has, for many decades, helped in the understanding of respiratory viruses and their role in disease pathogenesis. In a controlled setting using small numbers of volunteers removed from community exposure to other infections, this experimental model enables proof of concept work to be undertaken on novel therapeutics, including vaccines, immunomodulators and antivirals, as well as new diagnostics.Crucially, unlike conventional phase 1 studies, challenge studies include evaluable efficacy endpoints that then guide decisions on how to optimise subsequent field studies, as recommended by the FDA and thus licensing studies that follow. Such a strategy optimises the benefit of the studies and identifies possible threats early on, minimising the risk to subsequent volunteers but also maximising the benefit of scarce resources available to the research group investing in the research. Inspired by the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) now commonly applied in the preclinical phase, HVC studies allow refinement and reduction of the subsequent development phase, accelerating progress towards further statistically powered phase 2b studies. The breadth of data generated from challenge studies allows for exploration of a wide range of variables and endpoints that can then be taken through to pivotal phase 3 studies.We describe the disease burden for acute respiratory viral infections for which current conventional development strategies have failed to produce therapeutics that meet clinical need. The Authors describe the HVC model's utility in increasing scientific understanding and in progressing promising therapeutics through development.The contribution of the model to the elucidation of the virus-host interaction, both regarding viral pathogenicity and the body's immunological response is discussed, along with its utility to assist in the development of novel diagnostics.Future applications of the model are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Lambkin-Williams
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK.
| | - Nicolas Noulin
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
| | - Alex Mann
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
| | - Andrew Catchpole
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
| | - Anthony S Gilbert
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
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12
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O'Konek JJ, Makidon PE, Landers JJ, Cao Z, Malinczak CA, Pannu J, Sun J, Bitko V, Ciotti S, Hamouda T, Wojcinski ZW, Lukacs NW, Fattom A, Baker JR. Intranasal nanoemulsion-based inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines protect against viral challenge in cotton rats. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2904-12. [PMID: 26307915 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1075680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, the elderly and individuals with compromised immune systems. Despite decades of research, there is currently no available vaccine for RSV. Our group has previously demonstrated that intranasal immunization of mice with RSV inactivated by and adjuvanted with W805EC nanoemulsion elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses, resulting in protection against RSV infection. This protection was achieved without the induction of airway hyper-reactivity or a Th2-skewed immune response. The cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus has been used for years as an excellent small animal model of RSV disease. Thus, we extended these rodent studies to the more permissive cotton rat model. Intranasal immunization of the nanoemulsion-adjuvanted RSV vaccines induced high antibody titers and a robust Th1-skewed cellular response. Importantly, vaccination provided sterilizing cross-protective immunity against a heterologous RSV challenge and did not induce marked or severe histological effects or eosinophilia in the lung after viral challenge. Overall, these data demonstrate that nanoemulsion-formulated whole RSV vaccines are both safe and effective for immunization in multiple animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J O'Konek
- a Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences; University of Michigan Medical School ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Paul E Makidon
- a Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences; University of Michigan Medical School ; Ann Arbor , MI USA.,b The Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine; Medical School; University of Michigan ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Jeffrey J Landers
- a Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences; University of Michigan Medical School ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Zhengyi Cao
- a Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences; University of Michigan Medical School ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | | | | | | | - Vira Bitko
- c NanoBio Corporation ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- e Department of Pathology ; University of Michigan ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Ali Fattom
- c NanoBio Corporation ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - James R Baker
- a Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences; University of Michigan Medical School ; Ann Arbor , MI USA
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13
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Formulation, high throughput in vitro screening and in vivo functional characterization of nanoemulsion-based intranasal vaccine adjuvants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126120. [PMID: 25962136 PMCID: PMC4427474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants have been reported to induce both mucosal and systemic immunity when applied to mucosal surfaces and this dual response appears important for protection against certain pathogens. Despite the potential advantages, however, no mucosal adjuvants are currently approved for human use. Evaluating compounds as mucosal adjuvants is a slow and costly process due to the need for lengthy animal immunogenicity studies. We have constructed a library of 112 intranasal adjuvant candidate formulations consisting of oil-in-water nanoemulsions that contain various cationic and nonionic surfactants. To facilitate adjuvant development we first evaluated this library in a series of high-throughput, in vitro assays for activities associated with innate and adaptive immune activation in vivo. These in vitro assays screened for the ability of the adjuvant to bind to mucin, induce cytotoxicity, facilitate antigen uptake in epithelial and dendritic cells, and activate cellular pathways. We then sought to determine how these parameters related to adjuvant activity in vivo. While the in vitro assays alone were not enough to predict the in vivo adjuvant activity completely, several interesting relationships were found with immune responses in mice. Furthermore, by varying the physicochemical properties of the surfactant components (charge, surfactant polar head size and hydrophobicity) and the surfactant blend ratio of the formulations, the strength and type of the immune response generated (TH1, TH2, TH17) could be modulated. These findings suggest the possibility of using high-throughput screens to aid in the design of custom adjuvants with unique immunological profiles to match specific mucosal vaccine applications.
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