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Wang R, Du TT, Liu WQ, Liu YC, Yang YD, Hu JP, Ji M, Yang BB, Li L, Chen XG. Discovery, Optimization, and Evaluation of Novel N-(Benzimidazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine Analogues as Potent STAT3 Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12373-12395. [PMID: 37594012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, identifying potent and selective STAT3 small-molecule inhibitors with drug-like properties remains challenging. Based on a scaffold combination strategy, compounds with a novel N-(benzimidazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine scaffold were designed and their inhibition of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/JAK/STAT3 pathway was tested in HEK-Blue IL-6 reporter cells. After optimization of lead compound 12, compound 40 was identified as a selective STAT3 inhibitor that directly binds the SH2 domain to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, translocation, and downstream gene transcription. Compound 40 exhibited antiproliferative activities against STAT3-overactivated DU145 (IC50 value = 2.97 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 value = 3.26 μM) cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the DU145 xenograft model, compound 40 showed in vivo antitumor efficacy following intraperitoneal administration, with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 65.3% at 50 mg/kg, indicating promise for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Ting-Ting Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Yi-Chen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya-Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Jin-Ping Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bei-Bei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Amer MF, Mohamed A, Ismail A, Bayoumi LA, Shibel PEE, Elnaggar GN. Possible Role of IL-6R/STAT3/MiRNA-34a Feedback Loop in Osteosarcoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3269-3274. [PMID: 37774081 PMCID: PMC10762735 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteosarcoma is considered the most common primary malignant tumor that develops from the primary osteoblasts. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a key role in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to detect the possible relationship between expression levels of miRNA-34a and levels of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) in osteosarcoma and the possible role of this relationship in development of metastases in these patients. METHODS A total of thirty-six (36) bone samples were included in the study. They were divided into 3 groups: Group (I): Twelve normal bone samples as control group. Group (II): Twelve patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma. Group (III): Twelve patients with metastatic osteosarcoma. MiRNA-34a expression levels were estimated using qRT-PCR. STAT3 and IL-6R levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Expression level of miRNA-34a was downregulated in osteosarcoma groups compared to control group. STAT3 and IL-6R levels were upregulated in osteosarcoma groups compared to control group. This difference in expression levels was found to be more significant in the metastatic group than the non-metastatic one (P<0.001 each). There was a significant positive correlation between STAT3 and IL-6R (r=0.868, P<0.001), and a significant inverse correlation between IL6 and miRNA-34a (r=-0.993, P<0.001). CONCLUSION miRNA-34a, STAT3 and IL-6R feedback loop could be a potential target for treatment of osteosarcoma and can be used as prognostic indicator for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Fathy Amer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abbas Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abeer Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa Ali Bayoumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Ghada Nabil Elnaggar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Al-Hetty HRAK, Abdulameer SJ, Alkubaisy SA, Zaid SA, Jalil AT, Jasim IK. STAT3 signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a candidate therapeutic target. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154425. [PMID: 37019018 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis which is lethal in over 90% of cases despite the standard therapies. Mainly activated by Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor, capable of exerting the expression of multitude of genes involved in survival. Moreover, STAT3 activity is regulated by the interleukin 28 receptor α (IL28RA) and glutathione s-transferase mu-3 (GSTM3), up-regulation of both contributes to the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. In this regard, STAT3 overactivity has an important pathogenic role in the development of PDAC as it is associated with enhanced cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. STAT3-associated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 9 are implicated in the angiogenic and metastatic behavior of the PDAC. Multitude of evidence underline the protective role of STAT3 inhibition against PDAC both in cell cultures and in tumor grafts. However, specific inhibition of STAT3 was not feasible until recently, when a selective potent chemical STAT3 inhibitor, termed N4, were developed and it turned out to be highly effective against PDAC in vitro, as well as in vivo. This review aims to discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of STAT3 role in the pathogenesis of PDAC and its therapeutic applications.
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Semisynthetic Sesquiterpene Lactones Generated by the Sensibility of Glaucolide B to Lewis and Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases: Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031243. [PMID: 36770909 PMCID: PMC9921329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactone (SL) subtypes including hirsutinolide and cadinanolide have a controversial genesis. Metabolites of these classes are either described as natural products or as artifacts produced via the influence of solvents, chromatographic mobile phases, and adsorbents used in phytochemical studies. Based on this divergence, and to better understand the sensibility of these metabolites, different pH conditions were used to prepare semisynthetic SLs and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Therefore, glaucolide B (1) was treated with various Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acids and bases-the same approach was applied to some of its derivatives-allowing us to obtain 14 semisynthetic SL derivatives, 10 of which are hereby reported for the first time. Hirsutinolide derivatives 7a (CC50 = 5.0 µM; SI = 2.5) and 7b (CC50 = 11.2 µM; SI = 2.5) and the germacranolide derivative 8a (CC50 = 3.1 µM; SI = 3.0) revealed significant cytotoxic activity and selectivity against human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells when compared with that against non-tumoral HUVEC cells. Additionally, compounds 7a and 7c.1 showed strongly reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitrite (NOx) release in pre-treated M1 macrophages J774A.1 when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Despite the fact that hirsutinolide and cadinanolide SLs may be produced via plant metabolism, this study shows that acidic and alkaline extraction and solid-phase purification processes can promote their formation.
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Dinarello A, Mills TS, Tengesdal IW, Powers NE, Azam T, Dinarello CA. Dexamethasone and OLT1177 Cooperate in the Reduction of Melanoma Growth by Inhibiting STAT3 Functions. Cells 2023; 12:294. [PMID: 36672229 PMCID: PMC9856388 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimolecular complex that processes inactive IL-1β and IL-18 into proinflammatory cytokines. OLT1177 is an orally active small compound that specifically inhibits NLRP3. Here, B16F10 melanoma were implanted in mice and treated with OLT1177 as well as combined with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. At sacrifice, OLT1177 treated mice had significantly smaller tumors compared to tumor-bearing mice treated with vehicle. However, the combined treatment of OLT1177 plus dexamethasone revealed a greater suppression of tumor growth. This reduction was accompanied by a downregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial STAT3-dependent gene transcription and by a significant reduction of STAT3 Y705 and S727 phosphorylations in the tumors. In vitro, the human melanoma cell line 1205Lu, stimulated with IL-1α, exhibited significantly lower levels of STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation by the combination treatment, thus affecting the nuclear functions of STAT3. In the same cells, STAT3 serine 727 phosphorylation was also lower, affecting the mitochondrial functions of STAT3. In addition, metabolic analyses revealed a marked reduction of ATP production rate and glycolytic reserve in cells treated with the combination of OLT1177 plus dexamethasone. These findings demonstrate that the combination of OLT1177 and dexamethasone reduces tumor growth by targeting nuclear as well as mitochondrial functions of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Taylor S. Mills
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Isak W. Tengesdal
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Denver, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas E. Powers
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tania Azam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Denver, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Genomic distribution of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family in colorectal cancer. Hum Cell 2023; 36:286-295. [PMID: 36284066 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
JAK/STAT pathway has been widely acknowledged in the development of human cancers. However, the role of different phosphorylated STAT proteins translocating into nucleus in transcription activation of target genes is not fully understood. In present research, ChIP-seq was carried on to investigate the genome-wide distribution of the activated STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5 and STAT6 in colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. Our observations indicated that the homodimers rather than heterodimers of STAT protein predominantly occupied on genomic DNA. STAT3 accounted for the largest proportion among all STAT proteins HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, the biased binding motif targeted by different STAT homodimers suggested the distinct biological functions. Here, we noticed that NR5A2 was a specific co-activator of STAT3 by DNA motif analysis. Co-IP assay determined that NR5A2 indeed interacted with STAT3 homodimer rather than other homodimers or heterodimers. NR5A2 knockdown resulted in a reduced binding affinity of STAT3 homodimer in the original regions. Taken together, we characterize the genome-wide landscape of activated STAT proteins, and reveal the differences of binding patterns as well as the target genes and associated functions between homodimer and heterodimer of STAT proteins in HCT-116 cells. We also present some new findings and possible mechanisms regarding the role of NR5A2 on STAT3 in CRC. Our findings may provide new insights into the design of STAT inhibitors to treat CRC and other diseases.
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Kouba S, Hague F, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Crosstalk between Ca2+ Signaling and Cancer Stemness: The Link to Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810687. [PMID: 36142596 PMCID: PMC9503744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fight against cancer, therapeutic strategies using cisplatin are severely limited by the appearance of a resistant phenotype. While cisplatin is usually efficient at the beginning of the treatment, several patients endure resistance to this agent and face relapse. One of the reasons for this resistant phenotype is the emergence of a cell subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Due to their quiescent phenotype and self-renewal abilities, these cells have recently been recognized as a crucial field of investigation in cancer and treatment resistance. Changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) through Ca2+ channel activity are essential for many cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in various cell types. It is now proved that altered Ca2+ signaling is a hallmark of cancer, and several Ca2+ channels have been linked to CSC functions and therapy resistance. Moreover, cisplatin was shown to interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis; thus, it is considered likely that cisplatin-induced aberrant Ca2+ signaling is linked to CSCs biology and, therefore, therapy failure. The molecular signature defining the resistant phenotype varies between tumors, and the number of resistance mechanisms activated in response to a range of pressures dictates the global degree of cisplatin resistance. However, if we can understand the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ to cisplatin-induced resistance and CSC behaviors, alternative and novel therapeutic strategies could be considered. In this review, we examine how cisplatin interferes with Ca2+ homeostasis in tumor cells. We also summarize how cisplatin induces CSC markers in cancer. Finally, we highlight the role of Ca2+ in cancer stemness and focus on how they are involved in cisplatin-induced resistance through the increase of cancer stem cell populations and via specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir 81016, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence:
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Effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and tacalcitol on cell signaling and anchorage-independent growth in T98G and U251 glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101313. [PMID: 35935021 PMCID: PMC9352528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The active hormonal form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is reported to have 1000s of biological targets. The growth-suppressive properties of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its synthetic analogs have attracted interest for the development of treatment and/or prevention of cancer. We examined effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the vitamin D analog tacalcitol on signaling pathways and anchorage-independent growth in T98G and U251 glioblastoma cells. Assay of signaling proteins important for cellular growth indicated suppression of p70-S6 kinase levels by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and tacalcitol in T98G cells, whereas the levels of PLCγ, a target for phospholipid signaling, was slightly increased. Activation of STAT3, an important regulator of malignancy, was suppressed by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and tacalcitol in T98G and U251 cells. However, despite the close structural similarity of these compounds, suppression was stronger by tacalcitol (1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3), indicating that even minor modifications of a vitamin D analog can impact its effects on signaling. Experiments using soft agar colony formation assay in T98G and U251 cells revealed significant suppression by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and tacalcitol on anchorage-independent growth, a property for cancer invasion and metastasis known to correlate with tumorigenicity. These findings indicate that vitamin D and its analogs may be able to counteract the oncogenic transformation, invasion and metastatic potential of glioblastoma and prompt further study of these compounds in the development of improved therapy for brain cancer. Vitamin D and its analog tacalcitol affect signaling in glioblastoma cell lines. Suppression of the oncogenic STAT-3 is stronger by tacalcitol than by vitamin D. Tacalcitol and vitamin D inhibit anchorage-independent growth in T98G and U251 cells. Vitamin D analogs may be useful to combat oncogenicity and invasion of glioblastoma.
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Ma Z, Dong Z, Yu D, Mu M, Feng W, Guo J, Cheng B, Guo J, Ma J. IL-32 Promotes the Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell through STAT3 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6653747. [PMID: 33681363 PMCID: PMC7904356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is set out to determine the relationship between IL-32 and radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Western blot was adopted for measuring IL-32 expression in Eca-109 and TE-10 cells. Eca-109 and TE-10 cells with interference or overexpression of IL-32 were treated with the presence or absence of X-ray irradiation. Then, the use of CCK8 assay was to detect proliferation ability, and effects of IL-32 expression on radiosensitivity of ESCC were tested by colony formation assay. The cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. STAT3 and p-STAT expression, and apoptotic protein Bax were detected by western blot. RESULTS Colony formation assay and CCK8 assay showed that compared with the NC group without treatment, the growth of the ESCC cells, that is Eca-109 and TE-10, was significantly inhibited in the OE+IR group with highly expressed IL-32 and irradiation. In flow cytometry analysis, in Eca-109 and TE-10 cells, highly expressed IL-32 combined with irradiation significantly increased apoptosis compared with the control group. Highly expressed IL-32 has a synergistic effect with irradiation, inhibiting STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression and increasing apoptotic protein Bax expression. CONCLUSION IL-32 can improve the radiosensitivity of ESCC cells by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Therefore, IL-32 can be used as a new therapeutic target to provide a new attempt for radiotherapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Ma
- First Department of Radiotherapy, Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou, 234000 Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, BenQ Medical Center Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingyue Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Bengbu Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui, China
| | - Mingchen Mu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanwen Feng
- Translational Medicine Center, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Beibei Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayou Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
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Tolomeo M, Cascio A. The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020603. [PMID: 33435349 PMCID: PMC7826746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is one of the most complex regulators of transcription. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been reported in many types of tumors and depends on mechanisms such as hyperactivation of receptors for pro-oncogenic cytokines and growth factors, loss of negative regulation, and excessive cytokine stimulation. In contrast, somatic STAT3 mutations are less frequent in cancer. Several oncogenic targets of STAT3 have been recently identified such as c-myc, c-Jun, PLK-1, Pim1/2, Bcl-2, VEGF, bFGF, and Cten, and inhibitors of STAT3 have been developed for cancer prevention and treatment. However, despite the oncogenic role of STAT3 having been widely demonstrated, an increasing amount of data indicate that STAT3 functions are multifaced and not easy to classify. In fact, the specific cellular role of STAT3 seems to be determined by the integration of multiple signals, by the oncogenic environment, and by the alternative splicing into two distinct isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. On the basis of these different conditions, STAT3 can act both as a potent tumor promoter or tumor suppressor factor. This implies that the therapies based on STAT3 modulators should be performed considering the pleiotropic functions of this transcription factor and tailored to the specific tumor type.
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Dimri S, Malhotra R, Shet T, Mokal S, Gupta S, De A. Noncanonical pS727 post translational modification dictates major STAT3 activation and downstream functions in breast cancer. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112313. [PMID: 33002501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of STAT3 via Y705-phosphorylation is well documented across multiple cancer types and thus forms the basis of canonical pathway to judge STAT3 activation. Recently, important roles of two other post translational modification (PTM) sites, i.e. S727-phosphorylation and K685-acetylation, leading to STAT3 activation are reported. However, their critical mode of function in controlling STAT3 dimerization and signaling, independent of canonical activation remains elusive. Therefore, to understand the functional relevance of each STAT3 PTMs in breast cancer (BC), cell models are developed by stable overexpression of PTM-site specific point mutants, i.e. Y705F, S727A or K685R, in a 3'UTR-STAT3 knockdown BC cell background. Results using this model system reveal novel findings showing that phosphorylation at S727 can lead to STAT3 activation independent of phosphoY705. We also demonstrate that loss of pS727 or K685ac significantly affects functional phenotypes such as cell survival and proliferation as well as downstream transcriptional activity (Twist 1, Socs3, c-Myc, Bcl-1 and Mcl-1) of STAT3. Thereafter, by utilizing a BRET biosensor for measuring STAT3 phosphorylation in live cells, a crucial role of pS727 in dictating STAT3 activation and homodimerization formation is uncovered. Further by performing retrospective IHC analysis of total and phospho-forms of STAT3 in a cohort of 76 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient samples, a significant dominant expression of phosphoS727 over phosphoY705 PTM (p < 0.001) is found in STAT3 positive cases. We also focus on validating known STAT3 inhibitor molecules for their action against both pY705 and pS727 activation. This study for the first time demonstrates that an anti-helminth drug compound, Niclosamide, is capable of inactivating both phospho-PTM sites on STAT3 and exhibits excellent anticancer efficacy in preclinical TNBC tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dimri
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Renu Malhotra
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
| | - Tanuja Shet
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Smruti Mokal
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Hu B, Zhou Y, Sun D, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Li H, Chen L. PROTACs: New method to degrade transcription regulating proteins. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112698. [PMID: 32858471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription is the fundamental process in all living organisms. A variety of important proteins, such as NRs, BETs, HDACs and many others are involved in transcription process. In general, overexpression of these proteins would cause many diseases. Some approved therapeutics employed inhibitors to regulate the transcription process, however, the results are far from satisfying. Therefore, it is in high demand to develop new technology to improve the therapeutic effects. In recent years, proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) turned out to be a novel efficient therapeutic method to treat various diseases which were caused by proteins overexpression. PROTAC molecules are bifunctional small molecules that simultaneously bind a target protein and an E3-ubiquitin ligase, thus causing ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the target protein by the proteasome. In contrast to traditional inhibitors, PROTACs showed higher efficiency to tackle the diseases which were caused by protein overexpression due to their excellent performance for degrading target proteins in transcription regulation. In this review, 29 kinds of PROTACs targeting transcription regulator proteins are summarized, and meanwhile the advantages of PROTACs are highlighted. Furthermore, several examples of PROTACs regulating the transcription for the treatment of diseases and functioning as tools for biological research are also disscussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xingzhou Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Houssein M, Abi Saab W, Khalil M, Khalife H, Fatfat M. Cell Death by Gallotannin Is Associated with Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2020; 92:100589. [PMID: 32714471 PMCID: PMC7378856 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gallotannin (GT) is a polyphenol that possesses interesting anticancer properties. However, the mechanisms underlying its antitumor effects have not been well defined. Objective This study was designed to clarify the mechanisms underlying GT antitumor effects in colon cancer cell lines. Methods Three isogenic HCT116 cell lines (p53+/+, p53-/-, and p21-/-) were treated with GT for different time points then Western blot, flow cytometry, and senescence analysis were performed to examine the effect of GT on Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) effectors, STAT3 downstream apoptotic targets, Sub-G1 phase, and programmed cell death induction. Transfection using Invitrogen Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) were used to identify the role of p53 and p21 in the p53-/- and p21-/- cell lines. Results Both low and high GT concentrations caused MAPKs activation marked by upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). The preincubation with the antioxidant Tiron (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Missouri) showed that GT's antitumor effects were not mediated by reactive oxygen species. We then examined the effect of GT on the JAK/STAT pathway, which is known to be activated in colorectal cancer. GT totally inhibited the JAK/STAT pathway effectors JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3 and their downstream apoptotic regulators B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) and c-Myc in all 3 cell lines. HCT116 cancer cells exhibited differential sensitivity to GT with p21-/- cells being the most sensitive and p53+/+ cells that express p21 protein being the least sensitive. In p53+/+ cells, GT induced senescence, whereas in p53-/- and p21-/- cells, GT induced apoptosis in a caspase independent manner marked by Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) cleavage, Bcl-2 downregulation, and upregulation of the Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) to B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio. In addition, the sub-G1 phase exceeded 50% in p21-/- cells. Conclusions Considered together, our results indicate that GT is potent inhibitor of the JAK/STAT pathway in colon cancer irrespective of the p53 and p21 status, which provides insights into its mechanism of anticancer activities and future potential for clinical translation. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2020; 81:XXX-XXX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Houssein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Widian Abi Saab
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biology College of Arts and Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine United State, San Diego, California, United State
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Khalife
- Rammal Laboratory (ATAC), Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Peron M, Dinarello A, Meneghetti G, Martorano L, Facchinello N, Vettori A, Licciardello G, Tiso N, Argenton F. The stem-like Stat3-responsive cells of zebrafish intestine are Wnt/β-catenin dependent. Development 2020; 147:dev.188987. [PMID: 32467235 PMCID: PMC7328161 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Stat3 is required for proliferation and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells; we have prepared and characterized fluorescent Stat3-reporter zebrafish based on repeats of minimal responsive elements. These transgenic lines mimic in vivo Stat3 expression patterns and are responsive to exogenous Stat3; notably, fluorescence is inhibited by both stat3 knockout and IL6/Jak/STAT inhibitors. At larval stages, Stat3 reporter activity correlates with proliferating regions of the brain, haematopoietic tissue and intestine. In the adult gut, the reporter is active in sparse proliferating cells, located at the base of intestinal folds, expressing the stemness marker sox9b and having the morphology of mammalian crypt base columnar cells; noteworthy, zebrafish stat3 mutants show defects in intestinal folding. Stat3 reporter activity in the gut is abolished with mutation of T cell factor 4 (Tcf7l2), the intestinal mediator of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription. The Wnt/β-catenin dependence of Stat3 activity in the gut is confirmed by abrupt expansion of Stat3-positive cells in intestinal adenomas of apc heterozygotes. Our findings indicate that Jak/Stat3 signalling is needed for intestinal stem cell maintenance and possibly crucial in controlling Wnt/β-catenin-dependent colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Summary: Using a fluorescent reporter for Stat3 activity, we have identified the stem cells of zebrafish intestine and characterized their Wnt requirements and responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Peron
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Martorano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Vettori
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Licciardello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
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15
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Dimri S, Arora R, Jasani A, De A. Dynamic monitoring of STAT3 activation in live cells using a novel STAT3 Phospho-BRET sensor. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 9:321-334. [PMID: 31976162 PMCID: PMC6971483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation (pY705) mediated homodimerization is a rate-limiting step controlling STAT3 key oncogenic functions making it an attractive target for drug discovery. Hence, this study reports development of a sensitive and versatile STAT3 Phospho-BRET biosensor platform technology to monitor activation dynamics of STAT3 signalling directly from live cells. Categorically, we first demonstrate that NanoLuc donor and TurboFP635 acceptor serves as an excellent BRET system over other tested fluorophores like mOrange and TagRFP, both for live cells as well as in vivo optical imaging of protein-protein interactions. Based on initial multi-parametric optimizations, our Phospho-BRET sensor developed by fusing STAT3 with NanoLuc and TurboFP at the C-terminus, successfully captured the activation kinetics of STAT3 in response to different ligands (e.g. IL6 & EGF) and across multiple cancer cell types either with or without the endogenous STAT3 pool. Perturbation in EGF-mediated STAT3 BRET activation signal upon blocking with EGFR neutralizing antibody further confirms the specificity of the sensor to judge ligand-receptor pathway dependent STAT3 activation. Finally, we determine the high-throughput compatibility of the developed biosensor by testing a few known/unknown STAT3 inhibitors in a 96- and 384-well plate format. The results from this screen revealed that drug molecules such as curcumin and niclosamide are more efficient inhibitors over known molecule like Stattic. Thus, the STAT3 Phospho-BRET sensor is a first of its kind live cell platform technology developed for its use to study STAT3 pathway dynamics and screen potential drug molecules in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dimri
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National InstituteMumbai, India
| | - Rohit Arora
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai, India
| | - Akshi Jasani
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial CentreNavi Mumbai, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National InstituteMumbai, India
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16
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Luo Y, Huang X, Yang J, Huang L, Li R, Wu Q, Jiang X. Proteomics analysis of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4-inhibited cellular growth of HEK293 cells. J Proteomics 2019; 207:103445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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STAT3 isoforms: Alternative fates in cancer? Cytokine 2019; 118:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Krzyzanowska A, Don‐Doncow N, Marginean FE, Gaber A, Watson RW, Hellsten R, Bjartell A. Expression of tSTAT3, pSTAT3 727 , and pSTAT3 705 in the epithelial cells of hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:784-797. [PMID: 30905090 PMCID: PMC6766958 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is observed to be constitutively activated in several malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we investigated the expression of total STAT3 (tSTAT3) and two forms of activated phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 ) in tissue microarrays (TMA) of two cohorts of localized hormone-naïve PCa patients and analyzed associations between the expression and disease outcome. METHODS The expression of tSTAT3, pSTAT3727 , and pSTAT3705 was scored in the nuclei and cytoplasm of prostatic gland epithelial cells in two TMAs of paraffin-embedded prostatic tissue. The TMAs consisted of tissue originated from hormone-naïve radical prostatectomy patients from two different sites: Malmö, Sweden (n = 300) and Dublin, Ireland (n = 99). RESULTS The nuclear expression levels of tSTAT3, pSTAT3727 , and pSTAT3705 in the epithelial cells of benign glands were significantly higher than in the cancerous glands. Cytoplasmic tSTAT3 levels were also higher in benign glands. Patients with low pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 levels in the cancerous glands showed reduced times to biochemical recurrence, compared with those with higher levels. No significant trends in nuclear nor in cytoplasmic tSTAT3 were observed in relation to biochemical recurrence in the Malmö cohort. Higher cytoplasmic tSTAT3 was associated with reduced time to biochemical recurrence in the Dublin cohort. Adding the tSTAT3 and pSTAT3 expression data to Gleason score or pathological T stage did not improve their prognostic values. CONCLUSIONS Low pSTAT3727 and pSTAT3705 expression in epithelial cells of cancerous prostatic glands in hormone-naïve PCa was associated with faster disease progression. However, pSTAT3 and tSTAT3 expression did not improve the prognostic value of Gleason score or pathological T stage and may not be a good biomarker in the early hormone naïve stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Nicholas Don‐Doncow
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Felicia Elena Marginean
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of PathologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - R. William Watson
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical ResearchUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland
| | - Rebecka Hellsten
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological CancersLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of UrologyMalmö University HospitalMalmöSweden
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19
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Koseki T, Suehiro N, Masuda Y, Miyoshi N, Muraoka D, Ogo N, Asai A. Discovery of a New STAT3 Inhibitor Acting on the Linker Domain. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:792-800. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Koseki
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Naoya Suehiro
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoshiaki Masuda
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Nao Miyoshi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Daisuke Muraoka
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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20
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Gong WJ, Ma LY, Hu L, Lv YN, Huang H, Xu JQ, Huang DD, Liu RJ, Han Y, Zhang Y, Shi SJ, Wu SL. STAT3 rs4796793 contributes to lung cancer risk and clinical outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:476-484. [PMID: 30689078 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-018-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 plays a vital role in carcinogenesis and drug response. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for lung cancer patients, especially those in advanced stages. In the present study, we investigated the association of STAT3 polymorphism rs4796793 with lung cancer susceptibility, platinum-based chemotherapy response, and toxicity. METHODS A total of 498 lung cancer patients and 213 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. 467 of them received at least 2-cycle platinum-based chemotherapy. Unconditional logistical regression analysis was used to assess the associations. RESULTS STAT3 rs4769793 G allele carriers had an increased susceptibility of lung cancer [additive model: adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.376 (1.058-1.789), P = 0.017; recessive model: adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.734 (1.007-2.985), P = 0.047]. Rs4769793 was not significantly associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response in lung cancer patients. STAT3 rs4796793 was associated with an increased risk of severe overall toxicity [additive model: adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.410 (1.076-1.850), P = 0.013; dominant model: adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.638 (1.091-2.459), P = 0.017], especially hematological toxicity [additive model: adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.352 (1.001-1.826), P = 0.049]. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 rs4796793 may be considered as a potential candidate biomarker for the prediction of susceptibility and prognosis in Chinese lung cancer patients. However, well-designed studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jing Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Yun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ning Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Wuhan Highway Management Office, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dan-Dan Huang
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui-Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shao-Jun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - San-Lan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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21
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Mathema VB, Chaijaroenkul W, Na-Bangchang K. Cytotoxic activity and molecular targets of atractylodin in cholangiocarcinoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:185-195. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of atractylodin and its potential effects on heme oxygenase (HO)-1 production, STAT1/3 phosporylation and major NF-κB protein expression in the cholangiocarcinoma-associated cell line CL-6.
Methods
Standard MTT assay was used for accessing antiproliferative activity on CL-6 cells. Normal human embryonic fibroblast (OUMS) cell was taken as control cell line. Colony formation and wound healing assay were conducted to access the effects of atractylodin on cell proliferation and directional migration activity of CL-6 cells. Western blot was used for evaluating levels of protein expression and phosphorylation.
Key findings
Atractylodin exhibited selective cytotoxicity towards CL-6 as compared with OUMS with IC50 of 216.8 (212.4-233.8) and 351.2 (345.7-359.5) μm [median (range)], respectively. Exposure to the compound dose-dependently inhibited colony formation ability and decreased wound closure potential of CL-6 cells. Atractylodin treatment suppressed HO-1 production in CL-6 cells. It dose-dependently inhibited STAT1/3 protein phosphorylation and moderately inhibited NF-κB (p50), NF-κB (p52), and NF-κB (p65) protein expression in both dose- and time-dependent manner.
Conclusions
Atractylodin exerts significant cytotoxic activity against CL-6 cells which may be linked to its suppressive effect on HO-1 production, STAT1/3 phosphorylation and expression of key NF-κB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek B Mathema
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chaijaroenkul
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Thailand
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Zuo D, Shogren KL, Zang J, Jewison DE, Waletzki BE, Miller AL, Okuno SH, Cai Z, Yaszemski MJ, Maran A. Inhibition of STAT3 blocks protein synthesis and tumor metastasis in osteosarcoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:244. [PMID: 30286779 PMCID: PMC6172747 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer. Despite advances, molecular mechanisms associated with osteosarcoma have not been fully understood. Hence, an effective treatment for osteosarcoma has yet to be developed. Even though signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) has been implicated, its role in pathogenesis of osteosarcoma is not fully determined. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of napabucasin (NP) (BBI608), an inhibitor of STAT3 on osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo and studied the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, tumor growth and metastasis assays were performed to examine the effect of NP on osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Real-time RT-PCR, western analysis, immunofluorescence and reporter assays were used to monitor the expression and activity of proteins and underlying molecular pathways. Protein synthesis, co-immunoprecipitation and CAP binding assays were carried out to understand NP-mediated mechanism of actions in osteosarcoma cells. RESULTS Our results show that NP treatment decreases cell viability and induces apoptosis in several osteosarcoma cell lines. NP treatment suppresses both expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 in addition to blocking STAT3-mediated transcription and downstream target proteins in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, NP inhibits protein synthesis through regulation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). NP also inhibits the progression of osteosarcoma tumors and metastasis in vivo in an orthotopic tibial model of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our investigation reveals that NP acts through a novel mechanism and inhibits osteosarcoma growth and metastasis, and could be investigated clinically for treating osteosarcoma patients alone or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2-69 Medical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristen L Shogren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2-69 Medical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jie Zang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Donna E Jewison
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2-69 Medical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brian E Waletzki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2-69 Medical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Scott H Okuno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2-69 Medical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Avudaiappan Maran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2-69 Medical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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pSTAT3 Levels Have Divergent Expression Patterns and Associations with Survival in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061720. [PMID: 29890775 PMCID: PMC6032321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is activated in cancers, where it promotes growth, inflammation, angiogenesis, and inhibits apoptosis. Tissue microarrays were generated using tissues from 154 patients, with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) (n = 116) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 38) tumours. The tissues were stained for pSTAT3 and IL-6R using immunohistochemistry. The OE33 (OAC) and OE21 (SCC) cell lines were treated with the STAT3 inhibitor, STATTIC. The Univariate cox regression analysis revealed that a positive pSTAT3 in SCC was adversely associated with survival (Hazard ratio (HR) 6.382, 95% CI 1.266–32.184), while a protective effect was demonstrated with the higher pSTAT3 levels in OAC epithelium (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.574–0.953). The IL-6R intensity levels were higher in the SCC tumours compared with the OAC tumours for the core and leading edge tumour tissue. The pSTAT3 levels correlated positively with the IL-6R levels in both the OAC and SCC. The treatment of OE21 and OE33 cells with the STAT3 inhibitor STATTIC in vitro resulted in decreased survival, proliferation, migration, and increased apoptosis. The pSTAT3 expression was associated with adverse survival in SCC, but not in the OAC patients. The inhibition of STAT3 in both of the tumour subtypes resulted in alterations in the survival, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, suggesting a potential role for therapeutically targeting STAT3.
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Fathi N, Rashidi G, Khodadadi A, Shahi S, Sharifi S. STAT3 and apoptosis challenges in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:993-1001. [PMID: 29782972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have processed conceivable evidence for the vital role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in cancer transformation and carcinogenesis. Therefore, one of the important factors in formation of cancer is STAT3 and for design of novel anticancer drugs is a suitable target. On the other hand, apoptosis pathway has a critical role in the cancers pathogenesis. Generally, increasing developments have been existed to expression, production, phosphorylation or activation of STAT3 in the effective or responsible cells of most of the cancers. In return, apoptosis process in this cells have been suffered inhibition, decrease in expression, produce or activation in some related factors which lead to debilitation or inhibition of the process. Further understanding of the STAT3 related signaling and apoptosis pathway can lead to the invention of novel approaches for therapies in unstudied disease. In this manuscript, review and highlight recent knowledge of the STAT3 pathway and its connection with apoptosis process in cancers and discuss STAT3-targeting agents to therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Fathi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golnaz Rashidi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shen YA, Wang CY, Chuang HY, Hwang JJJ, Chi WH, Shu CH, Ho CY, Li WY, Chen YJ. CD44 and CD24 coordinate the reprogramming of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells towards a cancer stem cell phenotype through STAT3 activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58351-58366. [PMID: 27521216 PMCID: PMC5295435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface proteins such as CD44 and CD24 are used to distinguish cancer stem cells (CSCs) from the bulk-tumor population. However, the molecular functionalities of CD24 and CD44, and how these two molecules coordinate in CSCs remain poorly understood. We found that nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells with high expression of CD44 and CD24 proteins presented with pronounced CSC properties. Accordingly, a subpopulation of NPC cells with co-expression of CD44 and CD24 were specially enriched in high-stage clinical samples. Furthermore, ectopically expressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator Twist was able to upregulate the stemness factors, and vice versa. This indicates a reciprocal regulation of stemness and EMT. Intriguingly, we found that this reciprocal regulation was differentially orchestrated by CD44 and CD24, and only simultaneous silencing the expression of CD44 and CD24 led to a broad-spectrum suppression of CSC properties. Oppositely, overexpression of CD44 and CD24 induced the reprogramming of parental NPC cells into CSCs through STAT3 activation, which could be blunted by STAT3 inhibition, indicating that CD44 and CD24 collaboratively drive the reprogramming of NPC cells through STAT3-mediated stemness and EMT activation. Consequently, targeting of the CD44/CD24/STAT3 axis may provide a potential therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of NPC through repressing CSC activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-An Shen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - John Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Chi
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Shu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yin Ho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Yin Li
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Jang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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26
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Herrero A, Reis-Cardoso M, Jiménez-Gómez I, Doherty C, Agudo-Ibañez L, Pinto A, Calvo F, Kolch W, Crespo P, Matallanas D. Characterisation of HRas local signal transduction networks using engineered site-specific exchange factors. Small GTPases 2018; 11:371-383. [PMID: 29172991 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1406434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras GTPases convey signals from different types of membranes. At these locations, different Ras isoforms, interactors and regulators generate different biochemical signals and biological outputs. The study of Ras localisation-specific signal transduction networks has been hampered by our inability to specifically activate each of these Ras pools. Here, we describe a new set of site-specific tethered exchange factors, engineered by fusing the RasGRF1 CDC25 domain to sub-localisation-defining cues, whereby Ras pools at specific locations can be precisely activated. We show that the CDC25 domain has a high specificity for activating HRas but not NRas and KRas. This unexpected finding means that our constructs mainly activate endogenous HRas. Hence, their use enabled us to identify distinct pathways regulated by HRas in endomembranes and plasma membrane microdomains. Importantly, these new constructs unveil different patterns of HRas activity specified by their subcellular localisation. Overall, the targeted GEFs described herein constitute ideal tools for dissecting spatially-defined HRas biochemical and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Iñaki Jiménez-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander , Spain
| | - Carolanne Doherty
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorena Agudo-Ibañez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander , Spain
| | - Adán Pinto
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander , Spain
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander , Spain
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Calos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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Zhao C, Wang W, Yu W, Jou D, Wang Y, Ma H, Xiao H, Qin H, Zhang C, Lü J, Li S, Li C, Lin J, Lin L. A novel small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, LY5, inhibits cell viability, colony formation, and migration of colon and liver cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12917-26. [PMID: 26883202 PMCID: PMC4914331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is persistently activated in human liver and colon cancer cells and is required for cancer cell viability, survival and migration. Therefore, inhibition of STAT3 signaling may be a viable therapeutic approach for these two cancers. We recently designed a non-peptide small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, LY5, using in silico site-directed Fragment-based drug design (FBDD). The inhibitory effect on STAT3 phosphorylation, cell viability, migration and colony forming ability by LY5 were examined in human liver and colon cancer cells. We demonstrated that LY5 inhibited constitutive Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3 nuclear translocation, decreased STAT3 downstream targeted gene expression and induced apoptosis in liver and colon cancer cells. LY5 had little effect on STAT1 phosphorylation mediated by IFN-γ. Inhibition of persistent STAT3 phosphorylation by LY5 also inhibited colony formation, cell migration, and decreased the viability of liver cancer and colon cancer cells. Furthermore, LY5 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressed colon tumor growth in a mouse model in vivo. Our results suggest that LY5 is a potent STAT3 inhibitor and may be a potential drug candidate for liver and colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Division of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Cardiac Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Yu
- Division of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - David Jou
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yina Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hua Qin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiagao Lü
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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28
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Horlad H, Ma C, Yano H, Pan C, Ohnishi K, Fujiwara Y, Endo S, Kikukawa Y, Okuno Y, Matsuoka M, Takeya M, Komohara Y. An IL-27/Stat3 axis induces expression of programmed cell death 1 ligands (PD-L1/2) on infiltrating macrophages in lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 107:1696-1704. [PMID: 27564404 PMCID: PMC5132271 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune escape and tolerance in the tumor microenvironment are closely involved in tumor progression, and are caused by T‐cell exhaustion and mediated by the inhibitory signaling of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein 4, and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domaincontaining molecule‐3. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the PD‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in a lymphoma microenvironment using paraffin‐embedded tissue samples, and subsequently studied the detailed mechanism of upregulation of PD‐L1 on macrophages using cultured human macrophages and lymphoma cell lines. We found that macrophages in lymphoma tissues of almost all cases of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma expressed PD‐L1. Cell culture studies showed that the conditioned medium of ATL‐T and SLVL cell lines induced increased expression of PD‐L1/2 on macrophages, and that this PD‐L1/2 overexpression was dependent on activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). In vitro studies including cytokine array analysis showed that IL‐27 (heterodimer of p28 and EBI3) induced overexpression of PD‐L1/2 on macrophages via Stat3 activation. Because lymphoma cell lines produced IL‐27B (EBI3) but not IL‐27p28, it was proposed that the IL‐27p28 derived from macrophages and the IL‐27B (EBI3) derived from lymphoma cells formed an IL‐27 (heterodimer) that induced PD‐L1/2 overexpression. Although the significance of PD‐L1/2 expressions on macrophages in lymphoma progression has never been clarified, an IL‐27‐Stat3 axis might be a target for immunotherapy for lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasita Horlad
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chaoya Ma
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Endo
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kikukawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okuno
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Dallavalle C, Albino D, Civenni G, Merulla J, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Rossi S, Losa M, D'Ambrosio G, Sessa F, Thalmann GN, Garcia-Escudero R, Zitella A, Chiorino G, Catapano CV, Carbone GM. MicroRNA-424 impairs ubiquitination to activate STAT3 and promote prostate tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4585-4602. [PMID: 27820701 DOI: 10.1172/jci86505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and deletions in components of ubiquitin ligase complexes that lead to alterations in protein turnover are important mechanisms in driving tumorigenesis. Here we describe an alternative mechanism involving upregulation of the microRNA miR-424 that leads to impaired ubiquitination and degradation of oncogenic transcription factors in prostate cancers. We found that miR-424 targets the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 and identified STAT3 as a key substrate of COP1 in promoting tumorigenic and cancer stem-like properties in prostate epithelial cells. Altered protein turnover due to impaired COP1 function led to accumulation and enhanced basal and cytokine-induced activity of STAT3. We further determined that loss of the ETS factor ESE3/EHF is the initial event that triggers the deregulation of the miR-424/COP1/STAT3 axis. COP1 silencing and STAT3 activation were effectively reverted by blocking of miR-424, suggesting a possible strategy to attack this key node of tumorigenesis in ESE3/EHF-deficient tumors. These results establish miR-424 as an oncogenic effector linked to noncanonical activation of STAT3 and as a potential therapeutic target.
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30
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Incrocci R, Barse L, Stone A, Vagvala S, Montesano M, Subramaniam V, Swanson-Mungerson M. Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 production through the activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and STAT3. Virology 2016; 500:96-102. [PMID: 27792904 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous data demonstrate that Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 to promote the survival of LMP2A-expressing B cell lymphomas. Since STAT3 is an important regulator of IL-10 production, we hypothesized that LMP2A activates a signal transduction cascade that increases STAT3 phosphorylation to enhance IL-10. Using LMP2A-negative and -positive B cell lines, the data indicate that LMP2A requires the early signaling molecules of the Syk/RAS/PI3K pathway to increase IL-10. Additional studies indicate that the PI3K-regulated kinase, BTK, is responsible for phosphorylating STAT3, which ultimately mediates the LMP2A-dependent increase in IL-10. These data are the first to show that LMP2A signaling results in STAT3 phosphorylation in B cells through a PI3K/BTK-dependent pathway. With the use of BTK and STAT3 inhibitors to treat B cell lymphomas in clinical trials, these findings highlight the possibility of using new pharmaceutical approaches to treat EBV-associated lymphomas that express LMP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Incrocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Levi Barse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Amanda Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Sai Vagvala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michael Montesano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Vijay Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
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31
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Guo S, Luo W, Liu L, Pang X, Zhu H, Liu A, Lu J, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wang Y, Chen X. Isocryptotanshinone, a STAT3 inhibitor, induces apoptosis and pro-death autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells. J Drug Target 2016; 24:934-942. [PMID: 26904961 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1157882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a potential drug target for chemotherapy. Cryptotanshinone (CTS) was identified as a potent STAT3 inhibitor, while the effect of other tanshinones remains unknown. In this study, the influence of eight tanshinones on STAT3 activity was initially screened and isocryptotanshinone (ICTS) significantly inhibited STAT3 activity in a dual luciferase assay. ICTS inhibited the constitutive and inducible phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 without affecting the phosphorylation of STAT3 at S727 in A549 lung cancer cells. Furthermore, ICTS inhibited the nuclear translocation of STAT3. Compared with CTS, ICTS exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on STAT3 phosphorylation and on A549 cytotoxicity. ICTS induced autophagy as evidenced by the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and the increased expression of LC3 protein and autophagosomes. ICTS-induced cell death was partially reversed by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. The docking assay predicted that both ICTS and CTS bind the SH2 domain of STAT3. ICTS formed hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interaction with the nearby amino acid residues of Lys591, Arg609, and Ser636. These findings suggested that ICTS, a natural compound, is a potent STAT3 inhibitor. ICTS induced apoptosis and pro-death autophagy in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- b Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Hong Zhu
- c Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Ailin Liu
- b Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- d Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Yitao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
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32
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Tang Y, Guo Q, Zhi Y, Jin X, Xia B, Guo S, Tian C, Zhang Y. [Role of CXCR4/STAT3 in mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated drug resistance of acute leukemia cells]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:119-23. [PMID: 27014981 PMCID: PMC7348206 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of CXCR4/STAT3 in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-mediated drug resistance of AML cells. METHODS AML cell lines U937 and KG1a and primary AML cells were co-cultured with MSC from bone marrow of healthy donors. The AML cell lines cultured alone were used as control. Apoptosis induced by mitoxantrone was measured by flow cytometry. Expression of CXCR4 and STAT3 protein were detected by Western blot. After incubated with STAT3 inhibitor Cucurbitacin I or CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, the apoptosis of AML cells induced by mitoxantrone was evaluated. RESULTS Apoptosis of AML cells (U937 and KG1a) and primary AML cells induced by mitoxantrone significantly decreased in cocultured group than that of control group [U937 cells: (20.08±1.53)% vs (45.33 ± 1.03)% , P=0.004; KG1a cells: (25.60 ± 1.82)% vs (40.33 ± 3.29)% , P=0.020]. Expression of phosphorylated STAT3 and CXCR4 protein in AML cells were upregulated in cocultured group. After addition of Cucurbitacin I into the co-culture system, the apoptosis rate of primary AML cells significantly increased. Similar results of the apoptosis rates were also detected when the inhibitor of CXCR4 AMD3100 was added to overcome the stromal cell-mediated drug resistance. Besides, the expression of p-STAT3 in AML cells after incubated with AMD3100 decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS AML cells cocultured with MSC leads to the up-regulation of phosphorylated STAT3 and CXCR4 proteins, which resulted in AML cells resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore targeting STAT3 or CXCR4 could be a new therapeutic strategy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungjun Tang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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33
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Irinotecan treatment and senescence failure promote the emergence of more transformed and invasive cells that depend on anti-apoptotic Mcl-1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:409-26. [PMID: 25565667 PMCID: PMC4381604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of senescence by chemotherapy was initially characterized as a suppressive response that prevents tumor cell proliferation. However, in response to treatment, it is not really known how cells can survive senescence and how irreversible this pathway is. In this study, we analyzed cell escape in response to irinotecan, a first line treatment used in colorectal cancer that induced senescence. We detected subpopulations of cells that adapted to chemotherapy and resumed proliferation. Survival led to the emergence of more transformed cells that induced tumor formation in mice and grew in low adhesion conditions. A significant amount of viable polyploid cells was also generated following irinotecan failure. Markers such as lgr5, CD44, CD133 and ALDH were downregulated in persistent clones, indicating that survival was not associated with an increase in cancer initiating cells. Importantly, malignant cells which resisted senescence relied on survival pathways induced by Mcl-1 signaling and to a lesser extent by Bcl-xL. Depletion of Mcl-1 increased irinotecan efficiency, induced the death of polyploid cells, prevented cell emergence and inhibited growth in low-adhesion conditions. We therefore propose that Mcl-1 targeting should be considered in the future to reduce senescence escape and to improve the treatment of irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancers.
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Brosius FC, He JC. JAK inhibition and progressive kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2015; 24:88-95. [PMID: 25415616 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling in the progression of chronic kidney diseases. RECENT FINDINGS The JAK-STAT pathway transmits signals from extracellular ligands, including many cytokines and chemokines. While these responses are best characterized in lymphoid cells, they also occur in kidney cells such as podocytes, mesangial cells, and tubular cells. JAK-STAT expression and signaling abnormalities occur in humans and animal models of different chronic kidney diseases. Enhanced expression and augmented activity of JAK1, JAK2, and STAT3 promote diabetic nephropathy and their inhibition appears to reduce the disease. Activation of JAK-STAT signaling in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease may play an important role in cyst growth. Activation of JAK-STAT signaling promotes HIV-associated nephropathy and may also participate in the tubular responses to chronic obstructive uropathy. On the basis of data from experimental models, inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling, via increased expression of the suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins or pharmacologic inhibition of JAK and STAT proteins, could play a therapeutic role in multiple chronic kidney diseases. SUMMARY Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway appears to play a role in the progression of some chronic kidney diseases. More work is needed to determine the specific role the pathway plays in individual diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Brosius
- aDepartments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA bDepartment of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Plant-based Ayurvedic medicine has been practiced in India for thousands of years for the treatment of a variety of disorders. They are rich sources of bioactive compounds potentially useful for prevention and treatment of cancer. Withania somnifera (commonly known as Ashwagandha in Ayurvedic medicine) is a widely used medicinal plant whose anticancer value was recognized after isolation of steroidal compounds withanolides from the leaves of this shrub. Withaferin A is the first member of withanolides to be isolated, and it is the most abundant withanolide present in W. somnifera. Its cancer-protective role has now been established using chemically induced and oncogene-driven rodent cancer models. The present review summarizes the key preclinical studies demonstrating anticancer effects of withaferin along with its molecular targets and mechanisms related to its anticancer effects. Anticancer potential of other withanolides is also discussed.
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Wu C, Molavi O, Zhang H, Gupta N, Alshareef A, Bone KM, Gopal K, Wu F, Lewis JT, Douglas DN, Kneteman NM, Lai R. STAT1 is phosphorylated and downregulated by the oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK in ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood 2015; 126:336-45. [PMID: 25921060 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-603738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumorigenicity of most cases of ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) is driven by the oncogenic fusion protein NPM-ALK in a STAT3-dependent manner. Because it has been shown that STAT3 can be inhibited by STAT1 in some experimental models, we hypothesized that the STAT1 signaling pathway is defective in ALK+ ALCL, thereby leaving the STAT3 signaling unchecked. Compared with normal T cells, ALK+ ALCL tumors consistently expressed a low level of STAT1. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway appreciably increased STAT1 expression in ALK+ ALCL cells. Furthermore, we found evidence that NPM-ALK binds to and phosphorylates STAT1, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation in a STAT3-dependent manner. If restored, STAT1 is functionally intact in ALK+ ALCL cells, because it effectively upregulated interferon-γ, induced apoptosis/cell-cycle arrest, potentiated the inhibitory effects of doxorubicin, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. STAT1 interfered with the STAT3 signaling by decreasing STAT3 transcriptional activity/DNA binding and its homodimerization. The importance of the STAT1/STAT3 functional interaction was further highlighted by the observation that short interfering RNA knockdown of STAT1 significantly decreased apoptosis induced by STAT3 inhibition. Thus, STAT1 is a tumor suppressor in ALK+ ALCL. Phosphorylation and downregulation of STAT1 by NPM-ALK represent other mechanisms by which this oncogenic tyrosine kinase promotes tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Interferon-gamma
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Phosphorylation
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Ubiquitin/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Abdulraheem Alshareef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Bone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; and DynaLIFE Dx Medical Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Cocchiola R, Grillo C, Altieri F, Chichiarelli S, Turano C, Eufemi M. Upregulation of TPX2 by STAT3: identification of a novel STAT3 binding site. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113096. [PMID: 25401333 PMCID: PMC4234655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TPX2, a protein involved in mitosis, is considered a good marker for actively proliferating tissues, highly expressed in a number of cancer cells. We show the presence of high-affinity binding site for STAT3 in the 5'-flanking region of the Tpx2 gene, which is in vivo bound by activated STAT3. A specific STAT3 peptide inhibitor represses the expression of the Tpx2 gene and inhibits the binding of STAT3 to its consensus sequence in human cell lines where STAT3 is activated. These results indicate that activated STAT3 contributes to the over-expression of Tpx2 through the binding to an enhancer site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Caterina Grillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Turano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Bruserud Ø, Nepstad I, Hauge M, Hatfield KJ, Reikvam H. STAT3 as a possible therapeutic target in human malignancies: lessons from acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 8:29-41. [PMID: 25374305 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2015.971005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 is important for transcriptional regulation in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STAT3 has thousands of potential DNA binding sites but usually shows cell type specific binding preferences to a limited number of these. Furthermore, AML is a very heterogeneous disease, and studies of the prognostic impact of STAT3 in human AML have also given conflicting results. A more detailed characterization of STAT3 functions and the expression of various isoforms in human AML will therefore be required before it is possible to design clinical studies of STAT3 inhibitors in this disease, and it will be especially important to investigate whether the functions of STAT3 differ between patients. Several other malignancies also show extensive biological heterogeneity, and the present discussion and the suggested scientific approaches may thus be relevant for other cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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STAT3 in Cancer-Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1408-40. [PMID: 24995504 PMCID: PMC4190548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles and significance of STAT3 in cancer biology have been extensively studied for more than a decade. Mounting evidence has shown that constitutive activation of STAT3 is a frequent biochemical aberrancy in cancer cells, and this abnormality directly contributes to tumorigenesis and shapes many malignant phenotypes in cancer cells. Nevertheless, results from more recent experimental and clinicopathologic studies have suggested that STAT3 also can exert tumor suppressor effects under specific conditions. Importantly, some of these studies have demonstrated that STAT3 can function either as an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor in the same cell type, depending on the specific genetic background or presence/absence of specific coexisting biochemical defects. Thus, in the context of cancer biology, STAT3 can be a friend or foe. In the first half of this review, we will highlight the “evil” features of STAT3 by summarizing its oncogenic functions and mechanisms. The differences between the canonical and non-canonical pathway will be highlighted. In the second half, we will summarize the evidence supporting that STAT3 can function as a tumor suppressor. To explain how STAT3 may mediate its tumor suppressor effects, we will discuss several possible mechanisms, one of which is linked to the role of STAT3β, one of the two STAT3 splicing isoforms. Taken together, it is clear that the roles of STAT3 in cancer are multi-faceted and far more complicated than one appreciated previously. The new knowledge has provided us with new approaches and strategies when we evaluate STAT3 as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target.
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40
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Don-Doncow N, Escobar Z, Johansson M, Kjellström S, Garcia V, Munoz E, Sterner O, Bjartell A, Hellsten R. Galiellalactone is a direct inhibitor of the transcription factor STAT3 in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15969-78. [PMID: 24755219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT3 is constitutively active in several malignancies including castration-resistant prostate cancer and has been identified as a promising therapeutic target. The fungal metabolite galiellalactone, a STAT3 signaling inhibitor, inhibits the growth, both in vitro and in vivo, of prostate cancer cells expressing active STAT3 and induces apoptosis of prostate cancer stem cell-like cells expressing phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3). However, the molecular mechanism of this STAT3-inhibiting effect by galiellalactone has not been clarified. A biotinylated analogue of galiellalactone (GL-biot) was synthesized to be used for identification of galiellalactone target proteins. By adding streptavidin-Sepharose beads to GL-biot-treated DU145 cell lysates, STAT3 was isolated and identified as a target protein. Confocal microscopy revealed GL-biot in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of DU145 cells treated with GL-biot, appearing to co-localize with STAT3 in the nucleus. Galiellalactone inhibited STAT3 binding to DNA in DU145 cell lysates without affecting phosphorylation status of STAT3. Mass spectrometry analysis of recombinant STAT3 protein pretreated with galiellalactone revealed three modified cysteines (Cys-367, Cys-468, and Cys-542). Here we demonstrate with chemical and molecular pharmacological methods that galiellalactone is a cysteine reactive inhibitor that covalently binds to one or more cysteines in STAT3 and that this leads to inhibition of STAT3 binding to DNA and thus blocks STAT3 signaling without affecting phosphorylation. This further validates galiellalactone as a promising direct STAT3 inhibitor for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Don-Doncow
- From the Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Zilma Escobar
- the Division of Organic Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Johansson
- From the Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sven Kjellström
- the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and
| | - Victor Garcia
- the Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Munoz
- the Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Olov Sterner
- the Division of Organic Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- From the Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Hellsten
- From the Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden,
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von Manstein V, Yang CM, Richter D, Delis N, Vafaizadeh V, Groner B. Resistance of Cancer Cells to Targeted Therapies Through the Activation of Compensating Signaling Loops. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:193-202. [PMID: 25045345 PMCID: PMC4095943 DOI: 10.2174/1574362409666140206221931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of low molecular weight kinase inhibitors as “targeted” drugs has led to remarkable advances in the treatment of cancer patients. The clinical benefits of these tumor therapies, however, vary widely in patient populations and with duration of treatment. Intrinsic and acquired resistance against such drugs limits their efficacy. In addition to the well studied mechanisms of resistance based upon drug transport and metabolism, genetic alterations in drug target structures and the activation of compensatory cell signaling have received recent attention. Adaptive responses can be triggered which counteract the initial dependence of tumor cells upon a particular signaling molecule and allow only a transient inhibition of tumor cell growth. These compensating signaling mechanisms are often based upon the relief of repression of regulatory feedback loops. They might involve cell autonomous, intracellular events or they can be mediated via the secretion of growth factor receptor ligands into the tumor microenvironment and signal induction in an auto- or paracrine fashion. The transcription factors Stat3 and Stat5 mediate the biological functions of cytokines, interleukins and growth factors and can be considered as endpoints of multiple signaling pathways. In normal cells this activation is transient and the Stat molecules return to their non-phosphorylated state within a short time period. In tumor cells the balance between activating and de-activating signals is disturbed resulting in the persistent activation of Stat3 or Stat5. The constant activation of Stat3 induces the expression of target genes, which cause the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, as well as their migration and invasive behavior. Activating components of the Jak-Stat pathway have been recognized as potentially valuable drug targets and important principles of compensatory signaling circuit induction during targeted drug treatment have been discovered in the context of kinase inhibition studies in HNSCC cells [1]. The treatment of HNSCC with a specific inhibitor of c-Src, initially resulted in reduced Stat3 and Stat5 activation and subsequently an arrest of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. However, the inhibition of c-Src only caused a persistent inhibition of Stat5, whereas the inhibition of Stat3 was only transient. The activation of Stat3 was restored within a short time period in the presence of the c-Src inhibitor. This process is mediated through the suppression of P-Stat5 activity and the decrease in the expression of the Stat5 dependent target gene SOCS2, a negative regulator of Jak2. Jak2 activity is enhanced upon SOCS2 downregulation and causes the reactivation of Stat3. A similar observation has been made upon inhibition of Bmx, bone marrow kinase x-linked, activated in the murine glioma cell lines Tu-2449 and Tu-9648. Its inhibition resulted in a transient decrease of P-Stat3 and the induction of a compensatory Stat3 activation mechanism, possibly through the relief of negative feedback inhibition and Jak2 activation. These observations indicate that the inhibition of a single tyrosine kinase might not be sufficient to induce lasting therapeutic effects in cancer patients. Compensatory kinases and pathways might become activated and maintain the growth and survival of tumor cells. The definition of these escape pathways and their preemptive inhibition will suggest effective new combination therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chul Min Yang
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diane Richter
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Natalia Delis
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vida Vafaizadeh
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ng IHW, Jans DA, Bogoyevitch MA. Hyperosmotic stress sustains cytokine-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3, but slows its nuclear trafficking and impairs STAT3-dependent transcription. Cell Signal 2014; 26:815-24. [PMID: 24394455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear retention are hallmarks of a range of pathologies suggesting the importance of STAT3 transcriptional responses in disease progression. Since hyperosmotic stress (HOS) is a hallmark of diseases such as diabetes and asthma, we analysed the impact of HOS on cytokine-stimulated STAT3 signalling. In contrast to transient STAT3 Y705 and S727 phosphorylation in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) stimulated by the interleukin-6 family cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), under non-stress conditions, HOS induced by sorbitol treatment increased STAT3 S727 but not Y705 phosphorylation. Strikingly, combined LIF+HOS treatment stimulated persistent STAT3 Y705 and S727 phosphorylation and nuclear localisation, but STAT3 nuclear accumulation was slowed during HOS, likely reflecting the mislocalisation of Ran and importin-α3 during HOS that also reduced the nuclear localisation of classical importin-α/β-recognised nuclear import cargoes. Strikingly, combined LIF+HOS exposure, even though stimulating STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation did not elicit a transcriptional output, as demonstrated by qPCR analyses of its target genes SOCS3 and c-Fos. Our analysis thus shows for the first time that HOS can disconnect nuclear, phosphorylated STAT3 from transcriptional outcomes, and emphasizes the importance of assessing STAT3 target gene changes in addition to STAT3 phosphorylation status and localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan H W Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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