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Casadesús AV, Cruz BM, Díaz W, González MÁ, Gómez T, Fernández B, González A, Ledón N, Sosa K, Castro K, López A, Plasencia C, Ramírez Y, Teillaud JL, Hernández C, León K, Hernández T. Potent immunomodulatory and antitumor effect of anti-CD20-IL2no-alpha tri-functional immunocytokine for cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021828. [PMID: 36569901 PMCID: PMC9780377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (RTX) has substantially improved outcomes of patients with B-cell lymphomas, although more efficient therapies are needed for refractory or relapsing lymphomas. An approach to increase the clinical effectiveness of anti-tumor therapy is the use of antibody-cytokine fusion proteins (immunocytokines (ICKs)) to deliver at the tumor site the antibody effector functions and cytokines that trigger anti-tumor activities. In particular, IL-2-based ICKs have shown significant results in preclinical studies but not in clinical trials due to the toxicity profile associated to high doses IL-2 and the undesired expansion of Tregs. Methods To improve the efficacy of RTX therapy, we fused a murine (mIgG2a) or a human (hIgG1) version of RTX to a mutated IL-2 (no-alpha mutein), which has a disrupted affinity for the high affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) to prevent the stimulation of Tregs and reduce the binding to endothelial cells expressing CD25, the α chain of high affinity IL-2R. Characterization of anti-CD20-IL2no-alpha ICKs was performed by SDS-PAGE, Western-blotting and SEC-HPLC and also by several functional in vitro techniques like T-cell proliferation assays, apoptosis, CDC and ADCC assays. The in vivo activity was assessed by using murine tumor cells expressing huCD20 in C57/Bl6 mice. Results Both ICKs exhibited similar in vitro specific activity of their IL2no-alpha mutein moieties and kept CD20-binding capacity. Anti-CD20-IL2no-alpha (hIgG1) retained antibody effector functions as complement-dependent cytotoxicity and enhanced direct apoptosis, NK cell activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity relative to RTX. In addition, both ICKs demonstrated a higher antitumor efficacy than parental molecules or their combination in an EL4-huCD20 tumor model in immunocompetent mice. Anti-CD20-IL2no-alpha (hIgG1) strongly expanded NK and CD8+ T cells but not Tregs in tumor-bearing mice. Discussion These findings suggest that anti-CD20-IL2no-alpha could represent an alternative treatment for B cell lymphoma patients, mainly those refractory to RTX therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Victoria Casadesús
- Department of Chimeric Proteins, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz María Cruz
- Quality Control Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Wilden Díaz
- Quality Control Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Miguel Ángel González
- Department of Animal Facilities, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Gómez
- Quality Control Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Briandy Fernández
- Department of Chimeric Proteins, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Addys González
- Department of Animal Facilities, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Nuris Ledón
- Department of Innovation´s Management, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Katya Sosa
- Department of Chimeric Proteins, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Kathleen Castro
- Department of Chimeric Proteins, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Armando López
- Department of Animal Facilities, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Claudia Plasencia
- Department of Chimeric Proteins, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Yaima Ramírez
- Development Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Centre d’immunologie et des maladies infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Inserm UMRS1135, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Kalet León
- Research Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Tays Hernández
- Department of Chimeric Proteins, Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba,*Correspondence: Tays Hernández,
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Dash R, Singh SK, Chirmule N, Rathore AS. Assessment of Functional Characterization and Comparability of Biotherapeutics: a Review. AAPS J 2021; 24:15. [PMID: 34931298 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) biosimilars is a complex process. The key to their successful development and commercialization is an in-depth understanding of the key product attributes that impact safety and efficacy and the strategies to control them. Functional assessment of mAb is a crucial part of the comparability of biopharmaceutical drugs. The development of a relevant and robust functional assay requires an interdisciplinary approach and sufficient flexibility to balance regulatory concerns as well as dynamics and variability during the manufacturing process. Although many advanced tools are available to study and compare the potency and bioactivity of the protein, most of these techniques suffer from major shortcomings that limit their routine use. These include the complexity of the task, establishment of the relevance of the chosen method with the mechanism of action (MOA) of the biosimilar, cost and extended time of analysis, and often the ambiguity in interpretation of the resulting data. To overcome or to address these challenges, the use of multiple orthogonal state-of-the-art techniques is a necessary prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozaleen Dash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.,School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Center of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Schmidt C, Weißmüller S, Bohländer F, Germer M, König M, Staus A, Wartenberg-Demand A, Heinz CC, Schüttrumpf J. The Dual Role of a Polyvalent IgM/IgA-Enriched Immunoglobulin Preparation in Activating and Inhibiting the Complement System. Biomedicines 2021; 9:817. [PMID: 34356880 PMCID: PMC8301464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the complement system is important for efficient clearance of a wide variety of pathogens via opsonophagocytosis, or by direct lysis via complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). However, in severe infections dysregulation of the complement system contributes to hyperinflammation. The influence of the novel IgM/IgA-enriched immunoglobulin preparation trimodulin on the complement pathway was investigated in in vitro opsonophagocytosis, binding and CDC assays. Immunoglobulin levels before and after trimodulin treatment were placed in relation to complement assessments in humans. In vitro, trimodulin activates complement and induces opsonophagocytosis, but also interacts with opsonins C3b, C4b and anaphylatoxin C5a in a concentration-dependent manner. This was not observed for standard intravenous IgG preparation (IVIg). Accordingly, trimodulin, but not IVIg, inhibited the downstream CDC pathway and target cell lysis. If applied at a similar concentration range in healthy subjects, trimodulin treatment resulted in C3 and C4 consumption in a concentration-dependent manner, which was extended in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Complement consumption is found to be dependent on underlying immunoglobulin levels, particularly IgM, pinpointing their regulative function in humans. IgM/IgA provide a balancing effect on the complement system. Trimodulin may enhance phagocytosis and opsonophagocytosis in patients with severe infections and prevent excessive pathogen lysis and release of harmful anaphylatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schmidt
- Department of Translational Research, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Sabrina Weißmüller
- Department of Translational Research, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Fabian Bohländer
- Department of Analytical Development and Validation, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Germer
- Preclinical Research, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
| | - Martin König
- Department of Translational Research, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Alexander Staus
- Corporate Biostatistics, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
| | - Andrea Wartenberg-Demand
- Corporate Clinical Research & Development, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
| | - Corina C. Heinz
- Clinical Strategy & Development, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
| | - Jörg Schüttrumpf
- Corporate R&D, Biotest AG, Landsteinerstraße 5, 63303 Dreieich, Germany;
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4
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Xu Y, Xie L, Zhang E, Gao W, Wang L, Cao Y, Xie MH, Jiang W, Liu S. Physicochemical and functional assessments demonstrating analytical similarity between rituximab biosimilar HLX01 and the MabThera®. MAbs 2019; 11:606-620. [PMID: 30794092 PMCID: PMC6512903 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1578147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of bio-therapeutics has exhibited exponential growth in China over the past decade. However, no biosimilar drug has been approved in China (CN) due to the lack of a national biosimilar regulatory guidance. HLX01, a rituximab biosimilar developed in China under European Medicines Agency biosimilar guidelines and requirements, was the first such drug submitted for regulatory review in China, and it is expected to receive approval there as a biosimilar product. To demonstrate the analytical similarities of HLX01, CN-rituximab (sourced in China but manufactured in Europe) and EU-rituximab (sourced and manufactured in Europe), an extensive 3-way physicochemical and functional similarity assessment using a series of orthogonal and state-of-the-art techniques was conducted, following the similarity requirement guidelines recently published by China's Center for Drug Evaluation. The results of the similarity study showed an identical protein amino acid sequence and highly similar primary structures between HLX01 and the reference product (RP) MabThera®, along with high similarities in higher order structures, potency, integrity, purity and impurity profiles, biological and immunological binding functions, as well as degradation behaviors under stress conditions. In addition, HLX01 presented slightly lower aggregates and better photostability compared with the RP. Despite slight changes in relative abundance of glycan moieties and heavy chain C-terminal lysine modification, no differences in biological activities and immunological properties were observed between the RP and HLX01. In conclusion, HLX01 is highly similar to CN- and EU-sourced RP in terms of physicochemical properties and biological activities, suggesting similar product quality, efficacy, and safety. The regulatory requirements interpreted and applied towards the HLX01 marketing application sets a precedent for analytical similarity assessment of biosimilar products in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Xu
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Liqi Xie
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Erhui Zhang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Scott Liu
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
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An Q, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Liu T, Guo H, Zhang D, Qian W, Wang H, Guo Y, Hou S, Li J. Physicochemical characterization and phase I study of CMAB008, an infliximab biosimilar produced by a different expression system. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:791-805. [PMID: 30880912 PMCID: PMC6420106 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s170913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab (Remicade), a chimeric monoclonal antibody against human TNFα, will inevitably face competition from biosimilar products, because of its effectiveness in autoimmune diseases and rapidly increasing market demand. According to guidelines for biosimilar development, the "biosimilar-expression system" may differ from that of the innovator, but more appropriate studies should be carried out to demonstrate the comparability between biosimilar and innovator. CMAB008 is an infliximab biosimilar candidate developed by the State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy of China. Infliximab was expressed in SP2/0 cells, while CMAB008 was produced in a CHO-expression system. METHODS In this study, infliximab and CMAB008 were compared on physicochemical and biological characterizations, including protein content, activity, physiochemical integrity, impurities, additives, and immunogenicity. RESULTS The results showed that they were highly similar and comparable, except some differences in glycosylation. As glycosylation profiles can influence immunogenicity and occurrence of allergy or other adverse reactions of antibody therapeutics, primary tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CMAB008 were evaluated. In the phase I clinical trial, plasma concentration of CMAB008 and antidrug antibodies were also measured using ELISA and bridging ELISA, respectively. CMAB008 exhibited favorable clinical tolerability, no adverse events in the 3 mg/kg single-dose group (recommended therapeutic dosage), and no serious adverse events in the multiple-dose group. Also, no injection-site reactions were observed in the experiment. CONCLUSION In summary, CMAB008 might have the potential to be an effective drug compared with infliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing An
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Huaizu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China,
| | - Weizhu Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China,
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China,
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy; Shanghai, China, ;
- Shanghai Zhangjiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd; Shanghai, China,
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6
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Singh SK, Pokalwar S, Bose S, Gupta S, Almal S, Ranbhor RS. Structural and functional comparability study of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with reference product. Biologics 2018; 12:159-170. [PMID: 30538425 PMCID: PMC6257079 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s187744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cell surface protein, CD20, is extensively expressed on the surface of B cells. Antibodies targeting CD20 protein are being used to treat B-cell malignancies and B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. Considering the cost of therapy with innovator monoclonal antibodies for these diseases, development of biosimilar products for the treatment of such diseases provides affordable solution to rising healthcare costs. Materials and Methods Reference products of rituximab (six batches) were procured and stored as per manufacturer's instructions. Cell lines used in bioassay were procured from American Type Culture Collection and all other reagents used for analysis were of analytical grade. Primary structure was studied by intact mass analysis, peptide fingerprinting, peptide mass fingerprinting and sequence coverage analysis. Higher order structure was studied by circular dichroism, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and disulfide bridge analysis. Different isoforms of reference product and SB-02 were identified using capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis. Glycosylation was studied by N-glycan mapping using LC-ESI-MS, point of glycosylation, released glycan analysis using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Product related impurities such as oligomer content analysis and oxidized impurities were studied using size exclusion chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Results and Conclusion Here, we report physicochemical and biological characterizations of Sun Pharma’s proposed biosimilar (SB-02) to rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody approved for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SB-02 and rituximab exhibited indistinguishable primary as well as higher-order structure upon analyzing with the array of analytical and extended characterization methods according to statistical methods. The molecule also displayed comparability to reference product in post-translational modifications and charge heterogeneity. In functional bioassays, SB-02 demonstrated comparable potency with respect to reference product. Our results indicate highly similar quality profile between SB-02 and rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Santosh Pokalwar
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Sandip Bose
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Shivika Gupta
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
| | - Suhani Almal
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Tandalja, Vadodara 390 012, India,
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Chaker AM. [Biologics in Rhinology - Forthcoming Personalized Concepts: the Future Starts Today]. Laryngorhinootologie 2018; 97:S142-S184. [PMID: 29905356 PMCID: PMC6541111 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sinunasale Erkrankungen zählen mit zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen und führen zu einer erheblichen Störung der Lebensqualität, ein komorbides Asthma ist häufig. Trotz leitliniengerechter Therapie ist anzunehmen, dass mind. 20% der Patienten ihre Erkrankungssymptome nicht adäquat kontrollieren können. Neben den etablierten chirurgischen und konservativen Therapieoptionen finden sich nun vielversprechende Therapieansätze, die bspw. mittels therapeutischer Antikörper mechanistisch gezielt in die Pathophysiologie der Erkrankungen eingreifen können. Die Auswahl der geeigneten Patienten durch geeignete Biomarker und die richtige Therapie zum richtigen Stadium der Erkrankung anbieten zu können, ist das Ziel stratifizierter Medizin und eine wichtige Perspektive für die HNO.Chronic diseases of the nose and the paranasal sinuses are most common, frequently associated with bronchial asthma, and result in substantial reduction of quality of life. Despite optimal treatment according to guidelines, approx. 20 % of the patients will report inadequate control of symptoms. Apart from well established surgical and conservative approaches in therapy new therapeutic antibodies are available that aim specifically pathophysiological targets. The optimal allocation of effective therapy for patients using appropriate biomarkers at the most suitable timepoint is the hallmark of stratified medicine and an important perspective in ENT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Chaker
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde und Zentrum für Allergie und Umwelt, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
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Nupur N, Chhabra N, Dash R, Rathore AS. Assessment of structural and functional similarity of biosimilar products: Rituximab as a case study. MAbs 2017; 10:143-158. [PMID: 29200314 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1402996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosimilars are products that are similar in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy to an already licensed reference/ innovator product and are expected to offer improved affordability. The most significant source of reduction in the cost of development of a biosimilar is the reduced clinical examination that it is expected to undergo as compared to the innovator product. However, this clinical relief is predicated on the assumption that there is analytical similarity between the biosimilar and the innovator product. As a result, establishing analytical similarity is arguably the most important step towards successful development of a biosimilar. Here, we present results from an analytical similarity exercise that was performed with five biosimilars of rituximab (Ristova®, Roche), a chimeric mouse/ human monoclonal antibody biotherapeutic, that are available on the Indian market. The results show that, while the biosimilars exhibited similarity with respect to protein structure and function, there were significant differences with respect to size heterogeneity, charge heterogeneity and glycosylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neh Nupur
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi , India
| | - Nidhi Chhabra
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi , India
| | - Rozaleen Dash
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi , India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi , India
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Díez P, Ibarrola N, Dégano RM, Lécrevisse Q, Rodriguez-Caballero A, Criado I, Nieto WG, Góngora R, González M, Almeida J, Orfao A, Fuentes M. A systematic approach for peptide characterization of B-cell receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:42836-42846. [PMID: 28467808 PMCID: PMC5522109 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of immunoglobulins (Ig) is produced by the immune system thanks to different mechanisms (V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and antigen selection). The profiling of Ig sequences (at both DNA and peptide levels) are of great relevance to developing targeted vaccines or treatments for specific diseases or infections. Thus, genomics and proteomics techniques (such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and mass spectrometry (MS)) have notably increased the knowledge in Ig sequencing and serum Ig peptide profiling in a high-throughput manner. However, the peptide characterization of membrane-bound Ig (e.g., B-cell receptors, BCR) is still a challenge mainly due to the poor recovery of mentioned Ig.Herein, we have evaluated three different sample processing methods for peptide sequencing of BCR belonging to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells identifying up to 426 different peptide sequences (MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004466). Moreover, as a consequence of the results here obtained, recommended guidelines have been described for BCR-sequencing of B-CLL samples by MS approaches.For this purpose, an in-house algorithm has been designed and developed to compare the MS/MS results with those obtained by molecular biology in order to integrate both proteomics and genomics results and establish the steps to follow when sequencing membrane-bound Ig by MS/MS.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Female
- Genomics/methods
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Proteomics/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Workflow
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díez
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nieves Ibarrola
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Dégano
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Quentin Lécrevisse
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arancha Rodriguez-Caballero
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Criado
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Wendy G. Nieto
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Góngora
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcos González
- Hematology Service, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, Cancer Research and Institute of Molecular Biology and Cellular Oncology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Jacobs I, Ewesuedo R, Lula S, Zacharchuk C. Biosimilars for the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review of Published Evidence. BioDrugs 2017; 31:1-36. [PMID: 28078656 PMCID: PMC5258783 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Biologic treatments for cancer continue to place a significant economic burden on healthcare stakeholders. Biosimilar therapies may help reduce this burden through cost savings, thereby increasing patient access. Objectives The purpose of this study was to collate all published data to assess the weight of available evidence (quantity and quality) for proposed monoclonal antibody biosimilars and intended copies, for the treatment of cancer. Methods MEDLINE®, Embase®, and ISI Web of Science® databases were searched to September 2015. Conference proceedings (17) were searched (2012 to July 2015). Searches of the United States National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov registry were also conducted. Risk of bias assessments were undertaken to assess data strength and validity. Results Proposed biosimilars were identified in 23 studies (36 publications) in oncology and ten studies in 14 publications in oncology and chronic inflammatory diseases for bevacizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab originators. Based on our review of the included published studies, and as inferred from the conclusions of study authors, the identified proposed biosimilars exhibit close similarity to their originators. Published data were also retrieved on intended copies of rituximab. It remains unclear what role these agents may have, as publications on rigorous clinical studies are lacking for these molecules. Conclusion While biosimilar products have the potential to improve patient access to important biologic therapies, robust evidence of outcomes for monoclonal antibody biosimilars in treating cancer patients, including data from comparative efficacy and safety trials, is not yet available in the published literature. Significant data gaps exist, particularly for intended copies, which reinforces the need to maintain a clear differentiation between these molecules and true biosimilars. As more biosimilars become available for use, it will be important for stakeholders to understand fully the robustness of overall evidence used to demonstrate biosimilarity and gain regulatory approval. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40259-016-0207-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Jacobs
- Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Essential Health, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY, 10017-5755, USA.
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11
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Flow Cytometer Performance Characterization, Standardization, and Control. SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4499-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Jacobs I, Petersel D, Shane LG, Ng CK, Kirchhoff C, Finch G, Lula S. Monoclonal Antibody and Fusion Protein Biosimilars Across Therapeutic Areas: A Systematic Review of Published Evidence. BioDrugs 2016; 30:489-523. [PMID: 27807766 PMCID: PMC5126212 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite regulatory efforts to formalize guidance policies on biosimilars, there remains a need to educate healthcare stakeholders on the acknowledged definition of biosimilarity and the data that underpin it. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to systematically collate published data for monoclonal antibodies and fusion protein biosimilars indicated for cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, and other indications, and to explore differences in the type and weight (quantity and quality) of available evidence. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and ISI Web of Science were searched to September 2015. Conference proceedings (n = 17) were searched 2012 to July 2015. Included studies were categorized by originator, study type, and indication. To assess data strength and validity, risk of bias assessments were undertaken. RESULTS Across therapeutic areas, 43 named (marketed or proposed) biosimilars were identified for adalimumab, abciximab, bevacizumab, etanercept, infliximab, omalizumab, ranibizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab originators. Infliximab CT-P13, SB2, and etanercept SB4 biosimilars have the greatest amount of published evidence of similarity with their originators, based on results of clinical studies involving larger numbers of patients or healthy subjects (N = 1405, 743, and 734, respectively). Published data were also retrieved for marketed intended copies of etanercept and rituximab. CONCLUSIONS This unbiased synthesis of the literature exposed significant differences in the extent of published evidence between molecules at preclinical, clinical, and post-marketing stages of development, providing clinicians and payers with a consolidated view of the available data and remaining gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Jacobs
- Global Established Pharma Medicines Development Group, Pfizer Inc., 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY, 10017-5755, USA.
| | - Danielle Petersel
- Global Established Pharma Medicines Development Group, Pfizer Inc., 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY, 10017-5755, USA
| | - Lesley G Shane
- Outcomes and Evidence, Global Health and Value, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Chee-Keng Ng
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Carol Kirchhoff
- Global Technology Services, Biotechnology and Aseptic Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Gregory Finch
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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Dorvignit D, García-Martínez L, Rossin A, Sosa K, Viera J, Hernández T, Mateo C, Hueber AO, Mesa C, López-Requena A. Antitumor and cytotoxic properties of a humanized antibody specific for the GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside. Immunobiology 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals, produced by recombinant DNA technology, are generally more complicated to produce than small molecule drugs. As patents around the development and manufacturing of these biopharmaceuticals expire, biosimilars are being developed as comparable and more affordable alternatives to improve patient access and market competition. This commentary explains what a biosimilar is; it compares and contrasts biosimilar production with that of small molecule, generic, and other biological drugs; and it describes basic principles of the nonclinical development program for monoclonal antibody biosimilars.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ryan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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da Silva A, Kronthaler U, Koppenburg V, Fink M, Meyer I, Papandrikopoulou A, Hofmann M, Stangler T, Visser J. Target-directed development and preclinical characterization of the proposed biosimilar rituximab GP2013. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1609-17. [PMID: 24024472 PMCID: PMC4133973 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.843090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biosimilar development involves a target-directed iterative process to ensure a similar product to the originator. Here we report the preclinical development of the proposed biosimilar rituximab (GP2013). Post-translational modifications and bioactivities of GP2013 versus originator rituximab were engineered and monitored to ensure similar pharmacological profiles. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was used to illustrate how different glycosylation patterns and structure–function relationships were controlled during process development. Pharmacological comparability between GP2013 and originator rituximab were confirmed in preclinical studies using clinical scale drug product. Similar in vitro ADCC potency was demonstrated when compared in a dose–response manner against two lymphoma cell lines using freshly purified human natural killer (NK) cells. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in two well characterized mouse xenograft models, testing at sensitive sub-therapeutic dose levels. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (CD20 cell depletion) were likewise comparable in cynomolgus monkeys. This preclinical comparability exercise confirms that GP2013 and originator rituximab are pharmacologically similar.
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