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Madsen AV, Pedersen LE, Kristensen P, Goletz S. Design and engineering of bispecific antibodies: insights and practical considerations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1352014. [PMID: 38333084 PMCID: PMC10850309 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1352014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have attracted significant attention due to their dual binding activity, which permits simultaneous targeting of antigens and synergistic binding effects beyond what can be obtained even with combinations of conventional monospecific antibodies. Despite the tremendous therapeutic potential, the design and construction of bsAbs are often hampered by practical issues arising from the increased structural complexity as compared to conventional monospecific antibodies. The issues are diverse in nature, spanning from decreased biophysical stability from fusion of exogenous antigen-binding domains to antibody chain mispairing leading to formation of antibody-related impurities that are very difficult to remove. The added complexity requires judicious design considerations as well as extensive molecular engineering to ensure formation of high quality bsAbs with the intended mode of action and favorable drug-like qualities. In this review, we highlight and summarize some of the key considerations in design of bsAbs as well as state-of-the-art engineering principles that can be applied in efficient construction of bsAbs with diverse molecular formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V. Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse E. Pedersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Moore BD, Ran Y, Goodwin MS, Komatineni K, McFarland KN, Dillon K, Charles C, Ryu D, Liu X, Prokop S, Giasson BI, Golde TE, Levites Y. A C1qTNF3 collagen domain fusion chaperones diverse secreted proteins and anti-Aβ scFvs: Applications for gene therapies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101146. [PMID: 38027063 PMCID: PMC10679951 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing production of protein cargoes delivered by gene therapies can improve efficacy by reducing the amount of vector or simply increasing transgene expression levels. We explored the utility of a 126-amino acid collagen domain (CD) derived from the C1qTNF3 protein as a fusion partner to chaperone secreted proteins, extracellular "decoy receptor" domains, and single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Fusions to the CD domain result in multimerization and enhanced levels of secretion of numerous fusion proteins while maintaining functionality. Efficient creation of bifunctional proteins using the CD domain is also demonstrated. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector delivery of the CD with a signal peptide resulted in high-level expression with minimal biological impact as assessed by whole-brain transcriptomics. As a proof-of-concept in vivo study, we evaluated three different anti-amyloid Aβ scFvs (anti-Aβ scFvs), alone or expressed as CD fusions, following viral delivery to neonatal CRND8 mice. The CD fusion increased half-life, expression levels, and improved efficacy for amyloid lowering of a weaker binding anti-Aβ scFv. These studies validate the potential utility of this small CD as a fusion partner for secretory cargoes delivered by gene therapy and demonstrate that it is feasible to use this CD fusion to create biotherapeutic molecules with enhanced avidity or bifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marshall S. Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kavitha Komatineni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristy Dillon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caleb Charles
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Lázaro-Gorines R, Pérez P, Heras-Murillo I, Adán-Barrientos I, Albericio G, Astorgano D, Flores S, Luczkowiak J, Labiod N, Harwood SL, Segura-Tudela A, Rubio-Pérez L, Nugraha Y, Shang X, Li Y, Alfonso C, Adipietro KA, Abeyawardhane DL, Navarro R, Compte M, Yu W, MacKerell AD, Sanz L, Weber DJ, Blanco FJ, Esteban M, Pozharski E, Godoy-Ruiz R, Muñoz IG, Delgado R, Sancho D, García-Arriaza J, Álvarez-Vallina L. Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cross-Priming by a Bispecific Neutralizing Antibody Boosts Cytotoxic T Cell Responses and Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304818. [PMID: 37863812 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Administration of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) has proved to be effective by providing immediate protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, dual strategies combining virus neutralization and immune response stimulation to enhance specific cytotoxic T cell responses, such as dendritic cell (DC) cross-priming, represent a promising field but have not yet been explored. Here, a broadly nAb, TNT , are first generated by grafting an anti-RBD biparatopic tandem nanobody onto a trimerbody scaffold. Cryo-EM data show that the TNT structure allows simultaneous binding to all six RBD epitopes, demonstrating a high-avidity neutralizing interaction. Then, by C-terminal fusion of an anti-DNGR-1 scFv to TNT , the bispecific trimerbody TNT DNGR-1 is generated to target neutralized virions to type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) and promote T cell cross-priming. Therapeutic administration of TNT DNGR-1, but not TNT , protects K18-hACE2 mice from a lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection, boosting virus-specific humoral responses and CD8+ T cell responses. These results further strengthen the central role of interactions with immune cells in the virus-neutralizing antibody activity and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the Fc-free strategy that can be used advantageously to provide both immediate and long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Lázaro-Gorines
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ignacio Heras-Murillo
- Immunobiology lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Irene Adán-Barrientos
- Immunobiology lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Guillermo Albericio
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David Astorgano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Sara Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Virology and HIV/AIDS Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Virology and HIV/AIDS Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Seandean L Harwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 80000, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Segura-Tudela
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Rubio-Pérez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Yudhi Nugraha
- Protein Crystallography Unit, Structural Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Xiaoran Shang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Carlos Alfonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Kaylin A Adipietro
- The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dinendra L Abeyawardhane
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rocío Navarro
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - David J Weber
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Edwin Pozharski
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Raquel Godoy-Ruiz
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Inés G Muñoz
- Protein Crystallography Unit, Structural Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Virology and HIV/AIDS Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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Compte M, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. Applications of trimerbodies in cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 369:71-87. [PMID: 35777865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trimerbodies, with their unique structural and functional properties, are the basis of a new generation of therapeutic antibodies, which due to their small size and plasticity are ideal for the generation of novel biological protein drugs with multiple competitive advantages over conventional full-length monoclonal antibodies. Since their emergence, trimerbodies have been used in preclinical cancer diagnosis and therapy. Trimerbodies are highly adaptable molecules, as they allow target-specific modulation of T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity to enhance preexisting responses or to generate de novo immune responses. In fact, a tumor-specific humanized 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody has shown a rather impressive safety and efficacy profile in preclinical studies making it a realistic option for clinical development. Moreover, thanks to the avidity effect they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as carriers to deliver cytotoxic payloads to tumors. In addition, molecular imaging studies could benefit from some intermediate-sized trivalent trimerbodies as promising candidates for targeted therapy and tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Xu G, Luo Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu B, Wei J. Therapeutic bispecific antibodies against intracellular tumor antigens. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215699. [PMID: 35487312 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)-based therapeutics have been identified to be one of the most promising immunotherapy strategies. However, their target repertoire is mainly restricted to cell surface antigens rather than intracellular antigens, resulting in a relatively limited scope of applications. Intracellular tumor antigens are identified to account for a large proportion of tumor antigen profiles. Recently, bsAbs that target intracellular oncoproteins have raised much attention, broadening the targeting scope of tumor antigens and improving the efficacy of traditional antibody-based therapeutics. Consequently, this review will focus on this emerging field and discuss related research advances. We introduce the classification, characteristics, and clinical applications of bsAbs, the theoretical basis for targeting intracellular antigens, delivery systems of bsAbs, and the latest preclinical and clinical advances of bsAbs targeting several intracellular oncotargets, including those of cancer-testis antigens, differentiation antigens, neoantigens, and other antigens. Moreover, we summarize the limitations of current bsAbs, and propose several potential strategies against immune escape and T cell exhaustion as well as some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yuting Luo
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Hanbing Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Obeng EM, Dzuvor CKO, Danquah MK. Anti-SARS-CoV-1 and -2 nanobody engineering towards avidity-inspired therapeutics. NANO TODAY 2022; 42:101350. [PMID: 34840592 PMCID: PMC8608585 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the emergence of coronavirus diseases has been dire distress on both continental and global fronts and has resulted in the search for potent treatment strategies. One crucial challenge in this search is the recurrent mutations in the causative virus spike protein, which lead to viral escape issues. Among the current promising therapeutic discoveries is the use of nanobodies and nanobody-like molecules. While these nanobodies have demonstrated high-affinity interaction with the virus, the unpredictable spike mutations have warranted the need for avidity-inspired therapeutics of potent inhibitors such as nanobodies. This article discusses novel approaches for the design of anti-SARS-CoV-1 and -2 nanobodies to facilitate advanced innovations in treatment technologies. It further discusses molecular interactions and suggests multivalent protein nanotechnology and chemistry approaches to translate mere molecular affinity into avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Obeng
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christian K O Dzuvor
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
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Lee C, Choi M, MacKay JA. Live long and active: Polypeptide-mediated assembly of antibody variable fragments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:1-18. [PMID: 33129938 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies possess multiple biologically relevant features that have been engineered into new therapeutic formats. Two examples include the adaptable specificity of their variable (Fv) region and the extension of plasma circulation times through their crystallizable (Fc) region. Since the invention of the single chain variable fragment (scFv) in 1988, antibody variable regions have been re-engineered into a wide variety of multifunctional nanostructures. Among these strategies, peptide-mediated self-assembly of variable regions through heterologous expression has become a powerful method to produce homogenous, functional biomaterials. This manuscript reviews recent reports of antibody fragments assembled through fusion with peptides and proteins, including elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), collagen-like polypeptides (CLPs), albumin, transmembrane proteins, leucine zippers, silk protein, and viruses. This review further discusses the current clinical status of engineered antibody fragments and challenges to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrim Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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9
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A novel Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)-Targeted Trimeric Immunotoxin shows significantly enhanced Antitumor Activity in Human Colorectal Cancer Xenografts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11680. [PMID: 31406218 PMCID: PMC6690998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins are chimeric molecules, which combine antibody specificity to recognize and bind with high-affinity tumor-associated antigens (TAA) with the potency of the enzymatic activity of a toxin, in order to induce the death of target cells. Current immunotoxins present some limitations for cancer therapy, driving the need to develop new prototypes with optimized properties. Herein we describe the production, purification and characterization of two new immunotoxins based on the gene fusion of the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody MFE23 to α-sarcin, a potent fungal ribotoxin. One construct corresponds to a conventional monomeric single-chain immunotoxin design (IMTXCEAαS), while the other one takes advantage of the trimerbody technology and exhibits a novel trimeric format (IMTXTRICEAαS) with enhanced properties compared with their monomeric counterparts, including size, functional affinity and biodistribution, which endow them with an improved tumor targeting capacity. Our results show the highly specific cytotoxic activity of both immunotoxins in vitro, which was enhanced in the trimeric format compared to the monomeric version. Moreover, the trimeric immunotoxin also exhibited superior antitumor activity in vivo in mice bearing human colorectal cancer xenografts. Therefore, trimeric immunotoxins represent a further step in the development of next-generation therapeutic immunotoxins.
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10
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Mikkelsen K, Harwood SL, Compte M, Merino N, Mølgaard K, Lykkemark S, Alvarez-Mendez A, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)-Specific 4-1BB-Costimulation Induced by CEA-Targeted 4-1BB-Agonistic Trimerbodies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1791. [PMID: 31417564 PMCID: PMC6685135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137) is an inducible costimulatory receptor that promotes expansion and survival of activated T cells; and IgG-based 4-1BB-agonistic monoclonal antibodies exhibited potent antitumor activity in clinical trials. However, the clinical development of those antibodies is restricted by major off-tumor toxicities associated with FcγR interactions. We have recently generated an EGFR-targeted 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody that demonstrated strong antitumor activity and did not induce systemic inflammatory cytokine secretion and hepatotoxicity associated with first-generation 4-1BB agonists. Here, we generate a bispecific 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that is highly expressed in cancers of diverse origins. The CEA-targeted anti-4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody consists of three 4-1BB-specific single-chain fragment variable antibodies and three anti-CEA single-domain antibodies positioned around a murine collagen XVIII-derived homotrimerization domain. The trimerbody was produced as a homogenous, non-aggregating, soluble protein purifiable by standard affinity chromatographic methods. The purified trimerbody was found to be trimeric in solution, very efficient at recognizing 4-1BB and CEA, and potently costimulating T cells in vitro in the presence of CEA. Therefore, trimerbody-based tumor-targeted 4-1BB costimulation is a broadly applicable and clinically feasible approach to enhance the costimulatory environment of disseminated tumor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Mikkelsen
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seandean Lykke Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Kasper Mølgaard
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Francisco J Blanco
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Labrijn AF, Janmaat ML, Reichert JM, Parren PWHI. Bispecific antibodies: a mechanistic review of the pipeline. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:585-608. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Rios X, Compte M, Gómez-Vallejo V, Cossío U, Baz Z, Morcillo MÁ, Ramos-Cabrer P, Alvarez-Vallina L, Llop J. Immuno-PET Imaging and Pharmacokinetics of an Anti-CEA scFv-based Trimerbody and Its Monomeric Counterpart in Human Gastric Carcinoma-Bearing Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1025-1035. [PMID: 30726099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently used as therapeutic agents in different types of cancer. However, mAbs and antibody fragments developed so far show suboptimal properties in terms of circulation time and tumor penetration/retention. Here, we report the radiolabeling, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and determination of tumor targeting capacity of the previously validated anti-CEA MFE23-scFv-based N-terminal trimerbody (MFE23N-trimerbody), and the results are compared to those obtained for the monomeric MFE23-scFv. Dissection and gamma-counting studies performed with the 131I-labeled protein scaffolds in normal mice showed slower blood clearance for the trimerbody, and accumulation in the kidneys, the spleen, and the liver for both species. These, together with a progressive uptake in the small intestine, confirm a combined elimination scheme with hepatobiliary and urinary excretion. Positron emission tomography studies performed in a xenograft mouse model of human gastric adenocarcinoma, generated by subcutaneous administration of CEA-positive human MKN45 cells, showed higher tumor accumulation and tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios for 124I-labeled MFE23N-trimerbody than for MFE23-scFv. Specific uptake was not detected with PET imaging in CEA negative xenografts as indicated by low T/M ratios. Our data suggest that engineered intermediate-sized trivalent antibody fragments could be promising candidates for targeted therapy and imaging of CEA-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Rios
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit , Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda , Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Unai Cossío
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
| | - Zuriñe Baz
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit , CIEMAT , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa Spain.,Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Group, Department of Engineering , Aarhus University , Gustav WiedsVej 10 , 8000 C Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group , CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastián , Guipúzcoa , Spain
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13
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A tumor-targeted trimeric 4-1BB-agonistic antibody induces potent anti-tumor immunity without systemic toxicity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4809. [PMID: 30442944 PMCID: PMC6237851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The costimulation of immune cells using first-generation anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in human trials. Further clinical development, however, is restricted by significant off-tumor toxicities associated with FcγR interactions. Here, we have designed an Fc-free tumor-targeted 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody, 1D8N/CEGa1, consisting of three anti-4-1BB single-chain variable fragments and three anti-EGFR single-domain antibodies positioned in an extended hexagonal conformation around the collagen XVIII homotrimerization domain. The1D8N/CEGa1 trimerbody demonstrated high-avidity binding to 4-1BB and EGFR and a potent in vitro costimulatory capacity in the presence of EGFR. The trimerbody rapidly accumulates in EGFR-positive tumors and exhibits anti-tumor activity similar to IgG-based 4-1BB-agonistic mAbs. Importantly, treatment with 1D8N/CEGa1 does not induce systemic inflammatory cytokine production or hepatotoxicity associated with IgG-based 4-1BB agonists. These results implicate FcγR interactions in the 4-1BB-agonist-associated immune abnormalities, and promote the use of the non-canonical antibody presented in this work for safe and effective costimulatory strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer therapy using systemically administrated 4-1BB-targeting antibodies is often associated with severe toxicity due to the nonspecific activation of autoreactive T cells. Here, the authors have developed a trimeric antibody targeting both 4-1BB and EGFR, which activates T cells effectively and shows negligible cytotoxicity.
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14
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Alam MK, Brabant M, Viswas RS, Barreto K, Fonge H, Ronald Geyer C. A novel synthetic trivalent single chain variable fragment (tri-scFv) construction platform based on the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:55. [PMID: 30200951 PMCID: PMC6131909 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in antibody engineering provide strategies to construct recombinant antibody-like molecules with modified pharmacokinetic properties. Multermerization is one strategy that has been used to produce antibody-like molecules with two or more antigen binding sites. Multimerization enhances the functional affinity (avidity) and can be used to optimize size and pharmacokinetic properties. Most multimerization strategies involve genetically fusing or non-covalently linking antibody fragments using oligomerization domains. Recent studies have defined guidelines for producing antibody-like molecules with optimal tumor targeting properties, which require intermediates size (70–120 kDa) and bi- or tri-valency. Results We described a highly modular antibody-engineering platform for rapidly constructing synthetic, trivalent single chain variable fragments (Tri-scFv) using the SpyCatcher/SpyTag protein ligase system. We used this platform to construct an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) Tri-scFv. We generated the anti-HER3 Tri-scFv by genetically fusing a SpyCatcher to the C-terminus of an anti-HER3 scFv and ligating it to a synthetic Tri-SpyTag peptide. The anti-HER3 Tri-scFv bound recombinant HER3 with an apparent KD of 2.67 nM, which is approximately 12 times lower than the KD of monomeric anti-HER3 scFv (31.2 nM). Anti-HER3 Tri-scFv also bound endogenous cell surface expressed HER3 stronger than the monomer anti-HER3 scFv. Conclusion We used the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system to ligate anti-HER3 scFv fused to a SpyCatcher at its C-termini to a Tri-SpyTag to construct Tr-scFv. This system allowed the construction of a Tri-scFv with all the scFv antigen-binding sites pointed outwards. The anti-HER3 Tri-scFv bound recombinant and endogenously expressed HER3 with higher functional affinity (avidity) than the monomeric anti-HER3 scFv. The Tri-scFv had the size, valency, and functional affinity that are desired for therapeutic and imaging applications. Use of the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system allows Tri-scFvs to be rapidly constructed in a simple, modular manner, which can be easily applied to scFvs or other antibody fragments targeting other antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kausar Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Room 2841, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Michelle Brabant
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Room 2841, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Room 2841, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8, Canada.
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15
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Mølgaard K, Harwood SL, Compte M, Merino N, Bonet J, Alvarez-Cienfuegos A, Mikkelsen K, Nuñez-Prado N, Alvarez-Mendez A, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Alvarez-Vallina L. Bispecific light T-cell engagers for gene-based immunotherapy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1251-1260. [PMID: 29869168 PMCID: PMC11028287 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of T-cells by bispecific antibodies secreted from adoptively transferred, gene-modified autologous cells has shown satisfactory results in preclinical cancer models. Even so, the approach's translation into the clinic will require incremental improvements to its efficacy and reduction of its toxicity. Here, we characterized a tandem T-cell recruiting bispecific antibody intended to benefit gene-based immunotherapy approaches, which we call the light T-cell engager (LiTE), consisting of an EGFR-specific single-domain VHH antibody fused to a CD3-specific scFv. We generated two LiTEs with the anti-EGFR VHH and the anti-CD3 scFv arranged in both possible orders. Both constructs were well expressed in mammalian cells as highly homogenous monomers in solution with molecular weights of 43 and 41 kDa, respectively. In situ secreted LiTEs bound the cognate antigens of both parental antibodies and triggered the specific cytolysis of EGFR-expressing cancer cells without inducing T-cell activation and cytotoxicity spontaneously or against EGFR-negative cells. Light T-cell engagers are, therefore, suitable for future applications in gene-based immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Mølgaard
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seandean L Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Alvarez-Cienfuegos
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ana Alvarez-Mendez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark.
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16
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Abstract
Harnessing the power of the human immune system to treat cancer is the essence of immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies engage the innate immune system to destroy targeted cells. For the last 30years, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity have been the main mechanisms of anti-tumor action of unconjugated antibody drugs. Efforts to exploit the potentials of other immune cells, in particular T cells, culminated in the recent approval of two T cell engaging bispecific antibody (T-BsAb) drugs, thereby stimulating new efforts to accelerate similar platforms through preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we have compiled the worldwide effort in exploring T cell engaging bispecific antibodies. Our special emphasis is on the lessons learned, with the hope to derive insights in this fast evolving field with tremendous clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - N V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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17
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Harwood SL, Alvarez-Cienfuegos A, Nuñez-Prado N, Compte M, Hernández-Pérez S, Merino N, Bonet J, Navarro R, Van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Lykkemark S, Mikkelsen K, Mølgaard K, Jabs F, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Roda-Navarro P, Alvarez-Vallina L. ATTACK, a novel bispecific T cell-recruiting antibody with trivalent EGFR binding and monovalent CD3 binding for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1377874. [PMID: 29296540 PMCID: PMC5739562 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1377874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The redirection of T cell activity using bispecific antibodies is one of the most promising cancer immunotherapy approaches currently in development, but it is limited by cytokine storm-related toxicities, as well as the pharmacokinetics and tumor-penetrating capabilities of current bispecific antibody formats. Here, we have engineered the ATTACK (Asymmetric Tandem Trimerbody for T cell Activation and Cancer Killing), a novel T cell-recruiting bispecific antibody which combines three EGFR-binding single-domain antibodies (VHH; clone EgA1) with a single CD3-binding single-chain variable fragment (scFv; clone OKT3) in an intermediate molecular weight package. The two specificities are oriented in opposite directions in order to simultaneously engage cancer cells and T cell effectors, and thereby promote immunological synapse formation. EgA1 ATTACK was expressed as a homogenous, non-aggregating, soluble protein by mammalian cells and demonstrated an enhanced binding to EGFR, but not CD3, when compared to the previously characterized tandem bispecific antibody which has one EgA1 VHH and one OKT3 scFv per molecule. EgA1 ATTACK induced synapse formation and early signaling pathways downstream of TCR engagement at lower concentrations than the tandem VHH-scFv bispecific antibody. Furthermore, it demonstrated extremely potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity when retargeting human T cells towards EGFR-expressing cells, with an efficacy over 15-fold higher than that of the tandem VHH-scFv bispecific antibody. These results suggest that the ATTACK is an ideal format for the development of the next-generation of T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seandean Lykke Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rocio Navarro
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Simon Lykkemark
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Mølgaard
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frederic Jabs
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Intramolecular trimerization, a novel strategy for making multispecific antibodies with controlled orientation of the antigen binding domains. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28643. [PMID: 27345490 PMCID: PMC4921811 DOI: 10.1038/srep28643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a new strategy that allows the rapid and efficient engineering of mono and multispecific trivalent antibodies. By fusing single-domain antibodies from camelid heavy-chain-only immunoglobulins (VHHs) to the N-terminus of a human collagen XVIII trimerization domain (TIEXVIII) we produced monospecific trimerbodies that were efficiently secreted as soluble functional proteins by mammalian cells. The purified VHH-TIEXVIII trimerbodies were trimeric in solution and exhibited excellent antigen binding capacity. Furthermore, by connecting with two additional glycine-serine-based linkers three VHH-TIEXVIII modules on a single polypeptide chain, we present an approach for the rational design of multispecific tandem trimerbodies with defined stoichiometry and controlled orientation. Using this technology we report here the construction and characterization of a tandem VHH-based trimerbody capable of simultaneously binding to three different antigens: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and green fluorescence protein (GFP). Multispecific tandem VHH-based trimerbodies were well expressed in mammalian cells, had good biophysical properties and were capable of simultaneously binding their targeted antigens. Importantly, these antibodies were very effective in inhibiting the proliferation of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Multispecific VHH-based trimerbodies are therefore ideal candidates for future applications in various therapeutic areas.
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19
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Blanco-Toribio A, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Sainz-Pastor N, Merino N, Compte M, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Bacterial secretion of soluble and functional trivalent scFv-based N-terminal trimerbodies. AMB Express 2015; 5:137. [PMID: 26239030 PMCID: PMC4523561 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies are used with great success in many different diagnostic and therapeutic applications. A variety of protein expression systems are available, but nowadays almost all therapeutic antibodies are produced in mammalian cell lines due to their complex structure and glycosylation requirements. However, production of clinical-grade antibodies in mammalian cells is very expensive and time-consuming. On the other hand, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is known to be the simplest, fastest and most cost-effective recombinant expression system, which usually achieves higher protein yields than mammalian cells. Indeed, it is one of the most popular host in the industry for the expression of recombinant proteins. In this work, a trivalent single-chain fragment variable (scFv)-based N-terminal trimerbody, specific for native laminin-111, was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in E. coli. Mammalian and bacterially produced anti-laminin trimerbody molecules display comparable functional and structural properties, although importantly the yield of trimerbody expressed in E. coli was considerably higher than in human cells. These results demonstrated that E. coli is a versatile and efficient expression system for multivalent trimerbody-based molecules that is suitable for their industrial production.
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20
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Sehn LH, Goy A, Offner FC, Martinelli G, Caballero MD, Gadeberg O, Baetz T, Zelenetz AD, Gaidano G, Fayad LE, Buckstein R, Friedberg JW, Crump M, Jaksic B, Zinzani PL, Padmanabhan Iyer S, Sahin D, Chai A, Fingerle-Rowson G, Press OW. Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Obinutuzumab (GA101) With Rituximab in Patients With Relapsed CD20+ Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the GAUSS Study. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3467-74. [PMID: 26282650 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obinutuzumab (GA101), a novel glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated responses in single-arm studies of patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This is the first prospective, randomized study comparing safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab with rituximab in relapsed indolent lymphoma. The primary end point of this study was the overall response rate (ORR) in patients with follicular lymphoma after induction and safety in patients with indolent lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 175 patients with relapsed CD20(+) indolent lymphoma requiring therapy and with previous response to a rituximab-containing regimen were randomly assigned (1:1) to four once-per-week infusions of either obinutuzumab (1,000 mg) or rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). Patients without evidence of disease progression after induction therapy received obinutuzumab or rituximab maintenance therapy every 2 months for up to 2 years. RESULTS Among patients with follicular lymphoma (n = 149), ORR seemed higher for obinutuzumab than rituximab (44.6% v 33.3%; P = .08). This observation was also demonstrated by a blinded independent review panel that measured a higher ORR for obinutuzumab (44.6% v 26.7%; P = .01). However, this difference did not translate into an improvement in progression-free survival. No new safety signals were observed for obinutuzumab, and the incidence of adverse events was balanced between arms, with the exception of infusion-related reactions and cough, which were higher in the obinutuzumab arm. CONCLUSION Obinutuzumab demonstrated a higher ORR without appreciable differences in safety compared with rituximab. However, the clinical benefit of obinutuzumab in this setting remains unclear and should be evaluated within phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie H Sehn
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
| | - Andre Goy
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Fritz C Offner
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - M Dolores Caballero
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ole Gadeberg
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Tara Baetz
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew D Zelenetz
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Luis E Fayad
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Rena Buckstein
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan W Friedberg
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Crump
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Branimir Jaksic
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Deniz Sahin
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Akiko Chai
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Günter Fingerle-Rowson
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Oliver W Press
- Laurie H. Sehn, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Tara Baetz, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston; Rena Buckstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; Michael Crump, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andre Goy and Luis E. Fayad, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Fritz C. Offner, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Bologna; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli" University of Bologna, Bologna; Giovanni Martinelli, European Institute of Oncology, Milano; Gianluca Gaidano, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; M. Dolores Caballero, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Ole Gadeberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Andrew D. Zelenetz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Jonathan Friedberg, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Branimir Jadkisic, Clinical Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Swaminathan Padmanabhan Iyer, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX; Deniz Sahin and Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Akiko Chai, Genentech BioOncology, South San Francisco, CA; Oliver Press, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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21
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Nuñez-Prado N, Compte M, Harwood S, Álvarez-Méndez A, Lykkemark S, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. The coming of age of engineered multivalent antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:588-94. [PMID: 25757598 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology has had a profound impact on medicine. The therapeutic use of first-generation mAb achieved considerable success in the treatment of major diseases, including cancer, inflammation, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. Next-generation antibodies have been engineered to further increase potency, improve the safety profile and acquire non-natural properties, and constitute a thriving area of mAb research and development. Currently, a variety of alternative antibody formats with modified architectures have been generated and are moving fast into the clinic. In fact, the bispecific antibody blinatumomab was the first in its class to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as recently as December 2014. Here, we outline the fundamental strategies used for designing the next generation of therapeutic antibodies, as well as the most relevant results obtained in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Sino-Danish Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Spahr C, Shi SDH, Lu HS. O-glycosylation of glycine-serine linkers in recombinant Fc-fusion proteins: attachment of glycosaminoglycans and other intermediates with phosphorylation at the xylose sugar subunit. MAbs 2015; 6:904-14. [PMID: 24927272 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A xylose-based glycosaminoglycan (GAG) core was recently identified at a Ser residue in the linker sequence of a recombinant Fc fusion protein. The linker sequence, G-S-G-G-G-G, and an upstream acidic residue were serving as a substrate for O-xylosyltransferase, resulting in a major glycan composed of Xyl-Gal-Gal-GlcA and other minor intermediates. In this paper, a portion of an unrelated protein was fused to the C-terminus of an IgG Fc domain using the common (G4S) 4 linker repeat. This linker resulted in a heterogenous population of xylose-based glycans all containing at least a core Xyl. Commonly observed glycan structures include GAG-related di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-saccharides (e.g., Xyl-Gal, Xyl-Gal-Gal, Xyl-Gal-Gal-GlcA, and Xyl-Gal-Gal-GlcA-HexNAc), as well as Xyl-Gal-Neu5Ac. Following alkaline phosphatase or sialidase treatment combined with CID fragmentation, low-level glycans with a mass addition of 79.9 Da were confirmed to be a result of phosphorylated xylose. A minute quantity of phosphorylated GAG pentasaccharides may also be sulfated (also 79.9 Da), possibly at the HexNAc moiety due to non-reactivity to alkaline phosphatase. The xylose moiety may be randomly incorporated in one of the three G-S-G sequence motifs; and the linker peptide shows evidence for multiple additions of xylose at very low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Spahr
- Biologics Optimization; Therapeutic Discovery; Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Stone D-H Shi
- Biologics Optimization; Therapeutic Discovery; Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Hsieng S Lu
- Biologics Optimization; Therapeutic Discovery; Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
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23
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Lameris R, de Bruin RCG, Schneiders FL, van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP, Verheul HMW, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. Bispecific antibody platforms for cancer immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:153-65. [PMID: 25195094 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades advances in bioengineering and expanded insight in tumor immunology have resulted in the emergence of novel bispecific antibody (bsAb) constructs that are capable of redirecting immune effector cells to the tumor microenvironment. (Pre-) clinical studies of various bsAb constructs have shown impressive results in terms of immune effector cell retargeting, target dependent activation and the induction of anti-tumor responses. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of bsAb-therapy and limitations that were encountered. Furthermore, we will discuss potential future developments that can be expected to take the bsAb approach successfully forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée C G de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Famke L Schneiders
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M P van Bergen en Henegouwen
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Blanco-Toribio A, Lacadena J, Nuñez-Prado N, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Villate M, Compte M, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Efficient production of single-chain fragment variable-based N-terminal trimerbodies in Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:116. [PMID: 25112455 PMCID: PMC4249718 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant antibodies are highly successful in many different pathological conditions and currently enjoy overwhelming recognition of their potential. There are a wide variety of protein expression systems available, but almost all therapeutic antibodies are produced in mammalian cell lines, which mimic human glycosylation. The production of clinical-grade antibodies in mammalian cells is, however, extremely expensive. Compared to mammalian systems, protein production in yeast strains such as Pichia pastoris, is simpler, faster and usually results in higher yields. Results In this work, a trivalent single-chain fragment variable (scFv)-based N-terminal trimerbody, specific for the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in Pichia pastoris. Mammalian- and yeast-produced anti-CEA trimerbody molecules display similar functional and structural properties, yet, the yield of trimerbody expressed in P. pastoris is about 20-fold higher than in human cells. Conclusions P. pastoris is an efficient expression system for multivalent trimerbody molecules, suitable for their commercial production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-014-0116-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Farajnia S, Ahmadzadeh V, Tanomand A, Veisi K, Khosroshahi SA, Rahbarnia L. Development trends for generation of single-chain antibody fragments. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:297-308. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.945126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Aznar MÁ, Melero I, Quetglas JI. Routing cancer immunology and immunotherapy from the lab to the clinic 4-5 th March 2014, Center for Applied Medical Research and University Clinic, Pamplona, Spain. J Transl Med 2014; 12:202. [PMID: 25060862 PMCID: PMC4112657 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches to generate effective anticancer responses by either inducing immune responses or inhibiting immunosuppression are under development to improve efficacy in patients. On March 4-5th, 2014, a symposium was held in Pamplona, Spain, to report the new strategies showing preclinical and clinical results regarding translational research efforts on the topic. Participants interacted through oral presentations of 15 speakers and further discussions on topics that included novel therapeutic agents for cancer immunotherapy, viral vectors and interferon-based approaches, experimental tumor imaging and immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies. Promising agents to target cancer cells and therapeutic approaches that are under translation from bench to patients were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José I Quetglas
- Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA and University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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27
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Immunogenicity and PK/PD evaluation in biotherapeutic drug development: scientific considerations for bioanalytical methods and data analysis. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:79-87. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of novel technologies, considerable advances have been made in the evaluation of the relationship between PK and PD. Ligand-binding assays have been the primary assay format supporting PK and immunogenicity assessments. Critical and in-depth characterizations of the ligand-binding assay of interest can provide valuable understanding of the limitations, for interpreting PK/PD and immunogenicity results. This review illustrates key challenges with regard to understanding the relationship between anti-drug antibody and PK/PD, including confounding factors associated with the development and validation of ligand-binding assays, mechanisms by which anti-drug antibody impacts PK/PD, factors to consider during data analyses and interpretation, and a perspective on integrating immunogenicity data into the well-established quantitative modeling approach. Through recognizing these challenges, we propose some opportunities for improvements in the development and validation of fit-for-purpose bioanalytical methods.
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28
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Kim D, Kim SK, Valencia CA, Liu R. Tribody: robust self-assembled trimeric targeting ligands with high stability and significantly improved target-binding strength. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7283-94. [PMID: 24050811 DOI: 10.1021/bi400716w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The C-terminal coiled-coil region of mouse and human cartilage matrix protein (CMP) self-assembles into a parallel trimeric complex. Here, we report a general strategy for the development of highly stable trimeric targeting ligands (tribodies), against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as examples, by fusing a specific target-binding moiety with a trimerization domain derived from CMP. The resulting fusion proteins can efficiently self-assemble into a well-defined parallel homotrimer with high stability. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of the trimeric targeting ligands demonstrated significantly enhanced target-binding strength compared with the corresponding monomers. Cellular-binding studies confirmed that the trimeric targeting ligands have superior binding strength toward their respective receptors. Significantly, the EGFR-binding tribody was considerably accumulated in the tumor of mice bearing xenografted EGFR-positive tumors, indicating its effective cancer-targeting feature under in vivo conditions. Our results demonstrate that CMP-based self-assembly of tribodies can be a general strategy for the facile and robust generation of trivalent targeting ligands for a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Kim
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
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29
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The Development of Bispecific Hexavalent Antibodies as a Novel Class of DOCK-AND-LOCKTM (DNLTM) Complexes. Antibodies (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/antib2020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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