1
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Blümel M, Cordoba-Rodriguez R, Carroll JA, Beardsley RL, Maggio F, Wylie D, Tsang V, Ehrick R, Francq BG, Pohl T, Taktak S, Spasoff A, Morrison A, Albarghouthi M. Patient-centric Comparability Assessment of Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1415-1425. [PMID: 38373591 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The comparability assessment of a biological product after implementing a manufacturing process change should involve a risk-based approach. Process changes may occur at any stage of the product lifecycle: early development, clinical manufacture for pivotal trials, or post-approval. The risk of the change to impact product quality varies. The design of the comparability assessment should be adapted accordingly. A working group reviewed and consolidated industry approaches to assess comparability of traditional protein-based biological products during clinical development and post-approval. The insights compiled in this review article encompass topics such as a risk-evaluation strategy, the design of comparability studies, definition of assessment criteria for comparability, holistic evaluation of data, and the regulatory submission strategy. These practices can be leveraged across the industry to help companies in design and execution of comparability assessments, and to inform discussions with global regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blümel
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biologics Analytical Development, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ruth Cordoba-Rodriguez
- AstraZeneca, CMC Regulatory Affairs, 200 Orchard Ridge Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - James A Carroll
- Pfizer Research and Development, Analytical R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
| | - Richard L Beardsley
- Genentech, (A Member of the Roche Group), Analytical Development and QC, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Frank Maggio
- Amgen Inc., 40 Technology Way, West Greenwich, RI 02817, USA
| | - David Wylie
- Merck, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Valerie Tsang
- Biogen, Biologics Development, 5000 Davis Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robin Ehrick
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Bernard G Francq
- GSK, Vaccines CMC statistics, 89 Rue de l'Institut, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Novartis Pharma AG, Biologics Analytical Development, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Taktak
- Pfizer Research and Development, Analytical R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Andrew Spasoff
- AstraZeneca, Development Quality Biologics, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Amy Morrison
- Biogen, Manufacturing Sciences, 5000 Davis Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Methal Albarghouthi
- AstraZeneca, Biopharmaceutical Development, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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2
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Yamaguchi T, Fukuda M, Matsumoto Y, Mori T, Kikuchi S, Nagano R, Yamamoto K, Wakamatsu K. New high-throughput screening method for Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing low reduced monoclonal antibody levels: application of a system controlling the gas phase over cell lysates in miniature bioreactors and facilitating multiple sample setup. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:421-433. [PMID: 37655271 PMCID: PMC10465464 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interchain disulfide bonds in monoclonal antibodies may be reduced during large-scale mAb production using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. This reaction lowers the mAb product yield and purity; however, it may be prevented by screening cell lines that are unsusceptible to reduction and using them in mAb production. Antibody reduction susceptibility may be cell line-dependent. To the best of our knowledge, however, an efficient method of screening reduction-unsusceptible CHO cell lines has not been previously reported. Here, we report a novel screening method that can simultaneously detect and identify mAb reduction susceptibility in lysates containing ≤ 48 CHO cell lines. This evaluation system was equally effective and generated similar results at all culture scales, including 250 mL, 3 L, and 1000 L. Furthermore, we discovered that reduction-susceptible cell lines contained higher total intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and NADP+ concentrations than reduction-unsusceptible cell lines, regardless of whether they expressed immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 or IgG1. NADPH or NADP+ supplementation in the lysate of reduction-unsusceptible cells resulted in mAb reduction. Application of the innovative CHO cell line screening approach could mitigate or prevent reductions in large-scale mAb generation from CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., 100-1, Hagiwara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0013 Japan
| | - Mie Fukuda
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., 100-1, Hagiwara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0013 Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsumoto
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., 100-1, Hagiwara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0013 Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., 100-1, Hagiwara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0013 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., 100-1, Hagiwara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0013 Japan
| | - Ryuma Nagano
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., 100-1, Hagiwara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0013 Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., 100-1, Hagiwara, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0013 Japan
| | - Kaori Wakamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515 Japan
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3
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Schöneich C. Advanced Oxidation Processes in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Photo-Fenton Degradation of Peptides and Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158262. [PMID: 35897838 PMCID: PMC9332834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulations of therapeutic proteins are sensitive to photo-degradation by near UV and visible light. Mechanistically, especially the processes leading to protein modification under visible light exposure are not understood. Potentially, these processes may be triggered by a ligand to metal charge transfer in excipient-metal complexes. This article summarizes recent analytical and mechanistic work on such reactions under experimental conditions relevant to pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Simons Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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4
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Apostol I, Bondarenko PV, Ren D, Semin DJ, Wu CH, Zhang Z, Goudar CT. Enabling development, manufacturing, and regulatory approval of biotherapeutics through advances in mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:206-215. [PMID: 34508981 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid technological advances have significantly improved the capability, versatility, and robustness of mass spectrometers which has led to them playing a central role in the development, characterization, and regulatory filings of biopharmaceuticals. Their application spans the entire continuum of drug development, starting with discovery research through product development, characterization, and marketing authorization and continues well into product life cycle management. The scope of application extends beyond traditional protein characterization and includes elements like clone selection, cell culture physiology and bioprocess optimization, investigation support, and process analytical technology. More recently, advances in the MS-based multi-attribute method are enabling the introduction of MS in a cGMP environment for routine release and stability testing. While most applications of MS to date have been for monoclonal antibodies, the successes and learnings should translate to the characterization of next-gen biotherapeutics where modalities like multispecifics could be more prevalent. In this review, we describe the most significant advances in MS and correlate them to the broad spectrum of applications to biotherapeutic development. We anticipate rapid technological improvements to continue that will further accelerate widespread deployment of MS, thereby elevating our overall understanding of product quality and enabling attribute-focused product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izydor Apostol
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Pavel V Bondarenko
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Da Ren
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - David J Semin
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Chao-Hsiang Wu
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Chetan T Goudar
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
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5
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Handlogten MW, Peng L, Christian EA, Xu W, Lin S, Venkat R, Dall'Acqua W, Ahuja S. Prevention of Fab-arm exchange and antibody reduction via stabilization of the IgG4 hinge region. MAbs 2021; 12:1779974. [PMID: 32633193 PMCID: PMC7531514 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1779974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4s are dynamic molecules that undergo a process called Fab-arm exchange. Disulfide bonds between heavy chains are transiently reduced, resulting in half antibodies that reform intact antibodies with other IgG4 half antibodies. In vivo, therapeutic IgG4s can recombine with endogenous IgG4s, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture of bispecific antibodies. A related issue that can occur for any therapeutic protein during manufacturing is interchain disulfide bond reduction. For IgG4s, this primarily results in high levels of half-mAb that persist through purification processes. The S228P mutation has been used to prevent half-mAb formation. However, we demonstrated that IgG4s with the S228P mutation are subject to half-mAb formation and Fab-arm exchange in reducing environments. We identified two novel mutations that stabilize the heavy-heavy chain interaction via incorporation of additional disulfide bonds in the hinge region. Individually, these mutations increase stability toward reduction and lessen Fab-arm exchange. Combination of all three mutations, Y219C, G220C, and S228P, has an additive benefit resulting in an IgG4 with ˃7-fold increase in stability toward reduction while preventing Fab-arm exchange. Importantly, the mutations do not affect antigen binding or Fc effector function. These mutations hold great promise for solving mAb reduction during manufacturing and preventing Fab-arm exchange in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Handlogten
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Li Peng
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Christian
- Analytical Sciences, Bioassay, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Weichen Xu
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shihua Lin
- Analytical Sciences, Bioassay, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Raghavan Venkat
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - William Dall'Acqua
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sanjeev Ahuja
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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6
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The Different Colors of mAbs in Solution. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10020021. [PMID: 34073775 PMCID: PMC8161444 DOI: 10.3390/antib10020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The color of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody solution is a critical quality attribute. Consistency of color is typically assessed at time of release and during stability studies against preset criteria for late stage clinical and commercial products. A therapeutic protein solution's color may be determined by visual inspection or by more quantitative methods as per the different geographical area compendia. The nature and intensity of the color of a therapeutic protein solution is typically determined relative to calibrated standards. This review covers the analytical methodologies used for determining the color of a protein solution and presents an overview of protein variants and impurities known to contribute to colored recombinant therapeutic protein solutions.
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7
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Appearance and Formation Analysis of Multimers in High Concentration Antibodies. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Schöneich C. Photo-Degradation of Therapeutic Proteins: Mechanistic Aspects. Pharm Res 2020; 37:45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Das TK, Narhi LO, Sreedhara A, Menzen T, Grapentin C, Chou DK, Antochshuk V, Filipe V. Stress Factors in mAb Drug Substance Production Processes: Critical Assessment of Impact on Product Quality and Control Strategy. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:116-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Mechanisms of color formation in drug substance and mitigation strategies for the manufacture and storage of therapeutic proteins produced using mammalian cell culture. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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O’Mara B, Gao Z, Kuruganti M, Mallett R, Nayar G, Smith L, Meyer JD, Therriault J, Miller C, Cisney J, Fann J. Impact of depth filtration on disulfide bond reduction during downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies from CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1669-1683. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian O’Mara
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Zhong‐Hua Gao
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Manju Kuruganti
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Robert Mallett
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Gautam Nayar
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Laura Smith
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Jeffrey D. Meyer
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Jon Therriault
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Cameron Miller
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - John Cisney
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - John Fann
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
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12
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13
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Ambrogelly A, Gozo S, Katiyar A, Dellatore S, Kune Y, Bhat R, Sun J, Li N, Wang D, Nowak C, Neill A, Ponniah G, King C, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Analytical comparability study of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. MAbs 2018; 10:513-538. [PMID: 29513619 PMCID: PMC5973765 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1438797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Process changes are inevitable in the life cycle of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Products made using pre- and post-change processes are required to be comparable as demonstrated by comparability studies to qualify for continuous development and commercial supply. Establishment of comparability is a systematic process of gathering and evaluating data based on scientific understanding and clinical experience of the relationship between product quality attributes and their impact on safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the current understanding of various modifications of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. It further outlines the critical steps in designing and executing successful comparability studies to support process changes at different stages of a product's lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ambrogelly
- Biologics Analytical Operations, Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development, Gilead Sciences, Ocean Ranch Blvd, Oceanside, CA
| | - Stephen Gozo
- Analytical Research & Development-Biologics, Celgene Corporation, Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ
| | - Amit Katiyar
- Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington Rocky Road, Pennington, NJ
| | - Shara Dellatore
- Biologics & Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Yune Kune
- Fortress Biologicals, Sawyer Road, Suite, Waltham, MA
| | - Ram Bhat
- Millennium Research laboratories, New Boston Street, Woburn, MA
| | - Joanne Sun
- Product Development, Innovent Biologics, Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Analytical Department, BioAnalytix, Inc., Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christine Nowak
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alyssa Neill
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Cory King
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Bruce Mason
- Pre-formulation, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alain Beck
- Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, St Julien-en-Genevois Cedex, France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
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14
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Xu J, Rehmann MS, Xu X, Huang C, Tian J, Qian NX, Li ZJ. Improving titer while maintaining quality of final formulated drug substance via optimization of CHO cell culture conditions in low-iron chemically defined media. MAbs 2018; 10:488-499. [PMID: 29388872 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1433978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During biopharmaceutical process development, it is important to improve titer to reduce drug manufacturing costs and to deliver comparable quality attributes of therapeutic proteins, which helps to ensure patient safety and efficacy. We previously reported that relative high-iron concentrations in media increased titer, but caused unacceptable coloration of a fusion protein during early-phase process development. Ultimately, the fusion protein with acceptable color was manufactured using low-iron media, but the titer decreased significantly in the low-iron process. Here, long-term passaging in low-iron media is shown to significantly improve titer while maintaining acceptable coloration during late-phase process development. However, the long-term passaging also caused a change in the protein charge variant profile by significantly increasing basic variants. Thus, we systematically studied the effect of media components, seed culture conditions, and downstream processing on productivity and quality attributes. We found that removing β-glycerol phosphate (BGP) from basal media reduced basic variants without affecting titer. Our goals for late-phase process development, improving titer and matching quality attributes to the early-phase process, were thus achieved by prolonging seed culture age and removing BGP. This process was also successfully scaled up in 500-L bioreactors. In addition, we demonstrated that higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species were present in the high-iron Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures compared to that in the low-iron cultures, suggesting a possible mechanism for the drug substance coloration caused by high-iron media. Finally, hypotheses for the mechanisms of titer improvement by both high-iron and long-term culture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Xu
- a Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , United States
| | - Matthew S Rehmann
- a Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , United States
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- a Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , United States
| | - Chao Huang
- a Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , United States
| | - Jun Tian
- a Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , United States
| | - Nan-Xin Qian
- a Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- a Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , United States
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15
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Du C, Martin R, Huang Y, Borwankar A, Tan Z, West J, Singh N, Borys M, Ghose S, Ludwig R, Tao L, Li ZJ. Vitamin B 12 association with mAbs: Mechanism and potential mitigation strategies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:900-909. [PMID: 29205285 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Process control for manufacturing biologics is critical for ensuring product quality, safety, and lot to lot consistency of therapeutic proteins. In this study, we investigated the root cause of the pink coloration observed for various in-process pools and drug substances in the antibody manufacturing process. Vitamin B12 is covalently bound to mAbs via a cobalt-sulfur coordinate bond via the cysteine residues. The vitamin B12 was identified to attach to an IgG4 molecule at cysteine residues on light chain (Cys-214), and heavy chain (Cys-134, Cys-321, Cys-367, and Cys-425). Prior to attachment to mAbs, the vitamin B12 needs to be in its active form of hydroxocobalamin. During culture media preparation, storage and cell culture processing, cyanocobalamin, the chemical form of vitamin B12 added to media, is converted to hydroxocobalamin by white fluorescence light (about 50% degradation in 11-14 days at room temperature and with room light intensity about 500-1,000 lux) and by short-wavelength visible light (400-550 nm). However, cyanocobalamin is stable under red light (wavelength >600 nm) exposure and does not convert to hydroxocobalamin. Our findings suggests that the intensity of pink color depends on concentrations of both free sulfhydryl groups on reduced mAb and hydroxocobalamin, the active form of vitamin B12 . Both reactants are necessary and neither one of them is sufficient to generate pink color, therefore process control strategy can consider limiting either one or both factors. A process control strategy to install red light (wavelength >600 nm) in culture media preparation, storage and culture processing areas is proposed to provide safe light for biologics and to prevent light-induced color variations in final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Du
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Martin
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Yunping Huang
- Molecular and Analytic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Ameya Borwankar
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Jay West
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Nripen Singh
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Borys
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Molecular and Analytic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Li Tao
- Molecular and Analytic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Process Development, Bristle-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
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16
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Liu H, Nowak C, Shao M, Ponniah G, Neill A. Impact of cell culture on recombinant monoclonal antibody product heterogeneity. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1103-1112. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Liu
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; CT06410 Cheshire
| | - Christine Nowak
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; CT06410 Cheshire
| | - Mei Shao
- Late Stage Upstream Development, Global Process Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; CT06410 Cheshire
| | - Gomathinayagam Ponniah
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; CT06410 Cheshire
| | - Alyssa Neill
- Product Characterization, Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; CT06410 Cheshire
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17
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Purdie JL, Kowle RL, Langland AL, Patel CN, Ouyang A, Olson DJ. Cell culture media impact on drug product solution stability. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:998-1008. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Purdie
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN 46285
| | - Ronald L. Kowle
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN 46285
| | - Amie L. Langland
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN 46285
| | - Chetan N. Patel
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN 46285
| | - Anli Ouyang
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN 46285
| | - Donald J. Olson
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN 46285
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Effect of ambient light on IgG1 monoclonal antibodies during drug product processing and development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 100:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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