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Xu X, Yan SL, Yo YT, Chiang P, Tsai CY, Lin LL, Qin A. A Novel Monoclonal Antibody against PD-1 for the Treatment of Viral Oncogene-Induced Tumors or Other Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3052. [PMID: 39272910 PMCID: PMC11393876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interact to form an immune checkpoint fostering viral infection and viral oncogene-induced tumorigenesis. We generated a novel anti-human PD-1, humanized monoclonal antibody P1801 and investigated its pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic properties. In vitro binding assays revealed that P1801 uniquely binds to human PD-1 and inhibits its interaction with PD-L1/2. It showed a minor effect on the induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). P1801 significantly induced the release of IL-2 from activated T-cells but not from nonactivated T-cells. A dose-dependent linear PK profile was observed for the cynomolgus monkeys treated with repeated doses of P1801 at 5 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg once weekly. A four-week repeat-dose toxicity study revealed that P1801 given weekly was safe and well tolerated at doses ranging from 5 to 200 mg/kg/dose. No pathological abnormalities were noted. In humanized PD-1 mice harboring human PD-L1-expressing colon tumor cells, P1801 administered intraperitoneally twice per week at 12 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. P1801 displayed unique binding properties different from pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Therefore, it showed distinctive immunological reactions and significant antitumor activities. We are initiating a Phase 1 clinical study to test its combination use with ropeginterferon alfa-2b, which also has antiviral and antitumor activities, for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Research Department, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Long Yan
- Research Department, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Yo
- Research Department, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Peiyu Chiang
- Research Department, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Tsai
- Medical Research & Clinical Operations, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Research Department, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Albert Qin
- Medical Research & Clinical Operations, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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2
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Sagrero-Fabela N, Chávez-Mireles R, Salazar-Camarena DC, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7726. [PMID: 39062968 PMCID: PMC11277507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many challenges remain in unraveling the precise mechanisms behind the disease's development and progression. Recent evidence has questioned the role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in suppressing autoreactive CD4+ T cells during autoimmune responses. Research has investigated the potential impacts of PD-1 on various CD4+ T-cell subpopulations, including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, all of which exhibit substantial PD-1 expression and are closely related to several autoimmune disorders, including SLE. This review highlights the complex role of PD-1 in autoimmunity and emphasizes the imperative for further research to elucidate its functions during autoreactive T-cell responses. Additionally, we address the potential of PD-1 and its ligands as possible therapeutic targets in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.S.-F.); (R.C.-M.)
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Chávez-Mireles
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.S.-F.); (R.C.-M.)
| | - Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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3
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Frank C, Salapa HE, Allen KJH, Levin MC, Dawicki W, Dadachova E. Antibody-Mediated Depletion of Autoreactive T Lymphocytes through PD-1 Improves Disease Outcomes and Visualizes T Cell Activation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1647-1657. [PMID: 38578274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Long-term therapeutic outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) remain hindered by the chronic nature of immune cell stimulation toward self-antigens. Development of novel methods to target and deplete autoreactive T lymphocytes remains an attractive target for therapeutics for MS. We developed a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-targeted radiolabeled mAb and assessed its ability to deplete activated PD-1+ T lymphocytes in vitro and its ability to reduce disease burden of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in C57BL/6 mice. We also investigated the upregulation of PD-1 on infiltrating lymphocytes in an animal model of MS. Finally, we demonstrate the (to our knowledge) first reported positron-emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of activated PD-1+ cells in the EAE animal model of MS. We found that the 177Lu radioisotope-labeled anti-PD-1 mAb demonstrated significant in vitro cytotoxicity toward activated CD4+PD-1+ T lymphocytes and led to significant reduction in overall disease progression in the EAE animal model. Our results show high expression of PD-1 on infiltrating lymphocytes in the spinal cords of EAE diseased animals. Positron-emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of the anti-PD-1 mAb demonstrated significant uptake in the cervical draining lymph nodes highlighting accumulation of activated lymphocytes. Targeted depletion of T lymphocytes using T cell activation markers such as PD-1 may present a novel method to reduce autoimmune attack and inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as MS. Development of multimodal nuclear theranostic agents may present the opportunity to monitor T cell activation via imaging radioisotopes and simultaneously treat MS using therapeutic radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Frank
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kevin J H Allen
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wojciech Dawicki
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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4
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Merritt EF, Kochanowsky JA, Hervé P, Watson AA, Koshy AA. Toxoplasma type II effector GRA15 has limited influence in vivo. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300764. [PMID: 38551902 PMCID: PMC10980211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that establishes a long-term infection in the brain of many warm-blooded hosts, including humans and rodents. Like all obligate intracellular microbes, Toxoplasma uses many effector proteins to manipulate the host cell to ensure parasite survival. While some of these effector proteins are universal to all Toxoplasma strains, some are polymorphic between Toxoplasma strains. One such polymorphic effector is GRA15. The gra15 allele carried by type II strains activates host NF-κB signaling, leading to the release of cytokines such as IL-12, TNF, and IL-1β from immune cells infected with type II parasites. Prior work also suggested that GRA15 promotes early host control of parasites in vivo, but the effect of GRA15 on parasite persistence in the brain and the peripheral immune response has not been well defined. For this reason, we sought to address this gap by generating a new IIΔgra15 strain and comparing outcomes at 3 weeks post infection between WT and IIΔgra15 infected mice. We found that the brain parasite burden and the number of macrophages/microglia and T cells in the brain did not differ between WT and IIΔgra15 infected mice. In addition, while IIΔgra15 infected mice had a lower number and frequency of splenic M1-like macrophages and frequency of PD-1+ CTLA-4+ CD4+ T cells and NK cells compared to WT infected mice, the IFN-γ+ CD4 and CD8 T cell populations were equivalent. In summary, our results suggest that in vivo GRA15 may have a subtle effect on the peripheral immune response, but this effect is not strong enough to alter brain parasite burden or parenchymal immune cell number at 3 weeks post infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Merritt
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Kochanowsky
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Perrine Hervé
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS UMR 5234, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alison A. Watson
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anita A. Koshy
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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5
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Rai S, Roy G, Hajam YA. Melatonin: a modulator in metabolic rewiring in T-cell malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1248339. [PMID: 38260850 PMCID: PMC10800968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) an indoleamine exerts multifaced effects and regulates numerous cellular pathways and molecular targets associated with circadian rhythm, immune modulation, and seasonal reproduction including metabolic rewiring during T cell malignancy. T-cell malignancies encompass a group of hematological cancers characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of malignant T-cells. These cancer cells exhibit a distinct metabolic adaptation, a hallmark of cancer in general, as they rewire their metabolic pathways to meet the heightened energy requirements and biosynthesis necessary for malignancies is the Warburg effect, characterized by a shift towards glycolysis, even when oxygen is available. In addition, T-cell malignancies cause metabolic shift by inhibiting the enzyme pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDK) which in turn results in increased acetyl CoA enzyme production and cellular glycolytic activity. Further, melatonin plays a modulatory role in the expression of essential transporters (Glut1, Glut2) responsible for nutrient uptake and metabolic rewiring, such as glucose and amino acid transporters in T-cells. This modulation significantly impacts the metabolic profile of T-cells, consequently affecting their differentiation. Furthermore, melatonin has been found to regulate the expression of critical signaling molecules involved in T-cell activations, such as CD38, and CD69. These molecules are integral to T-cell adhesion, signaling, and activation. This review aims to provide insights into the mechanism of melatonin's anticancer properties concerning metabolic rewiring during T-cell malignancy. The present review encompasses the involvement of oncogenic factors, the tumor microenvironment and metabolic alteration, hallmarks, metabolic reprogramming, and the anti-oncogenic/oncostatic impact of melatonin on various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Gunja Roy
- Department of Zoology Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Life Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Sant Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, India
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6
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Qin A, Wu CR, Ho MC, Tsai CY, Chen PJ. Sequential Therapy with Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b and Anti-Programmed Cell Death 1 Antibody for Inhibiting the Recurrence of Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Animal Modeling to Phase I Clinical Results. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:433. [PMID: 38203603 PMCID: PMC10778875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually recurs after curative surgical resection. Currently, no approved adjuvant therapy has been shown to reduce HCC recurrence rates. In this study, the in vivo effect of sequential combination treatment with recombinant mouse interferon-alpha (rmIFN-α) and an anti-mouse-PD1 antibody on hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance in mice was evaluated. A Phase I clinical trial was then conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and inhibitory activity of sequential therapy with ropeginterferon alfa-2b and nivolumab in patients with HCC recurrence who underwent curative surgery for HBV-related HCC. The animal modeling study showed that HBV suppression was significantly greater with the rmIFN-α and anti-PD1 sequential combination treatment in comparison with sole treatment with rmIFN-α or anti-PD1. In the Phase I study, eleven patients completed the sequential therapy with ropeginterferon alfa-2b every two weeks for six doses at 450 µg, followed by three doses of nivolumab every two weeks up to 0.75 mg/kg. A notable decrease in or clearance of HBV surface antigen was observed in two patients. The dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase increases was observed in one patient. The maximum tolerated dose was then determined. To date, no HCC recurrence has been observed. The treatment modality was well tolerated. These data support the further clinical development of sequential combination therapy as a post-surgery prophylactic measure against the recurrence of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Qin
- Medical Research & Clinical Operations, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ru Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Tsai
- Medical Research & Clinical Operations, PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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7
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Kasamatsu T. Implications of Senescent T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5835. [PMID: 38136380 PMCID: PMC10742305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell senescence is thought to result from the age-related loss of the ability to mount effective responses to pathogens and tumor cells. In addition to aging, T-cell senescence is caused by repeated antigenic stimulation and chronic inflammation. Moreover, we demonstrated that T-cell senescence was induced by treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. The characteristics of therapy-induced senescent T (TIS-T) cells and general senescent T cells are largely similar. Senescent T cells demonstrate an increase in the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive population, cell cycle arrest, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotypic factors, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, senescent T cells downregulate the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28 and upregulate natural killer cell-related molecules. Moreover, TIS-T cells showed increased PD-1 expression. However, the loss of proliferative capacity and decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules associated with T-cell senescence cause a decrease in T-cell immunocompetence. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of senescent T-cells, including therapy-induced senescent T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Gunma, Japan
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8
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Torki E, Gharezade A, Doroudchi M, Sheikhi S, Mansury D, Sullman MJM, Fouladseresht H. The kinetics of inhibitory immune checkpoints during and post-COVID-19: the knowns and unknowns. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3299-3319. [PMID: 37697158 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is tightly regulated to prevent immune reactions to self-antigens and to avoid excessive immune responses during and after challenges from non-self-antigens. Inhibitory immune checkpoints (IICPs), as the major regulators of immune system responses, are extremely important for maintaining the homeostasis of cells and tissues. However, the high and sustained co-expression of IICPs in chronic infections, under persistent antigenic stimulations, results in reduced immune cell functioning and more severe and prolonged disease complications. Furthermore, IICPs-mediated interactions can be hijacked by pathogens in order to evade immune induction or effector mechanisms. Therefore, IICPs can be potential targets for the prognosis and treatment of chronic infectious diseases. This is especially the case with regards to the most challenging infectious disease of recent times, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose long-term complications can persist long after recovery. This article reviews the current knowledge about the kinetics and functioning of the IICPs during and post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Torki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Gharezade
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Mansury
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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9
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Homicsko K, Zygoura P, Norkin M, Tissot S, Shakarishvili N, Popat S, Curioni-Fontecedro A, O'Brien M, Pope A, Shah R, Fisher P, Spicer J, Roy A, Gilligan D, Rusakiewicz S, Fortis E, Marti N, Kammler R, Finn SP, Coukos G, Dafni U, Peters S, Stahel RA. PD-1-expressing macrophages and CD8 T cells are independent predictors of clinical benefit from PD-1 inhibition in advanced mesothelioma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007585. [PMID: 37880184 PMCID: PMC10603330 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few tissue biomarkers exist to date that could enrich patient with cancer populations to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade by programmed cell death protein 1/ligand-1 (PD-/L-1) inhibitors. PD-L1 expression has value in this context in some tumor types but is an imperfect predictor of clinical benefit. In malignant pleural mesothelioma, PD-L1 expression is not predictive of the benefit from PD-1 blockade. We aimed to identify novel markers in malignant pleural mesothelioma to select patients better. METHODS We performed a multiplex-immune histochemistry analysis of tumor samples from the phase III PROMISE-meso study, which randomized 144 pretreated patients to receive either pembrolizumab or standard second-line chemotherapy. Our panel focused on CD8+T cell, CD68+macrophages, and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on these and cancer cells. We analyzed single and double positive cells within cancer tissues (infiltrating immune cells) and in the stroma. In addition, we performed cell neighborhood analysis. The cell counts were compared with clinical outcomes, including responses, progression-free and overall survivals. RESULTS We confirmed the absence of predictive value for PD-L1 in this cohort of patients. Furthermore, total CD8 T cells, CD68+macrophages, or inflammatory subtypes (desert, excluded, inflamed) did not predict outcomes. In contrast, PD-1-expressing CD8+T cells (exhausted T cells) and PD-1-expressing CD68+macrophages were both independent predictors of progression-free survival benefit from pembrolizumab. Patients with tumors simultaneously harboring PD1+T cells and PD-1+macrophages benefited the most from immune therapy. CONCLUSION We analyzed a large cohort of patients within a phase III study and found that not only PD-1+CD8 T cells but also PD-1+CD68+ macrophages are predictive. This data provides evidence for the first time for the existence of PD-1+macrophages in mesothelioma and their clinical relevance for immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Homicsko
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panagiota Zygoura
- ETOP Statistical Center, Frontier Science Foundation - Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - Maxim Norkin
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Tissot
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Immune Landscape Laboratory, Centre Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sanjay Popat
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Fribourg Hospitals, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mary O'Brien
- Department of Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony Pope
- Department of Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Bebington, UK
| | - Riyaz Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kent Oncology Centre, Maidstone, UK
| | - Patricia Fisher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Spicer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amy Roy
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - David Gilligan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Immune Landscape Laboratory, Centre Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Fortis
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Immune Landscape Laboratory, Centre Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nesa Marti
- Translational Research Coordination, ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roswitha Kammler
- Translational Research Coordination, ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Molecular Diagnostics and Histopathology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Georges Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urania Dafni
- ETOP Statistical Center, Frontier Science Foundation - Hellas, Athens, Greece
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Research Center, Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Stahel
- President, ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Kasamatsu T, Awata-Shiraiwa M, Ishihara R, Murakami Y, Masuda Y, Gotoh N, Oda T, Yokohama A, Matsumura I, Handa H, Tsukamoto N, Murakami H, Saitoh T. Sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induce senescence in T cells and upregulation of PD-1 expression. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2695-2703. [PMID: 36913034 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest, usually in response to internal and/or external stress, including telomere dysfunction, abnormal cellular growth, and DNA damage. Several chemotherapeutic drugs, such as melphalan (MEL) and doxorubicin (DXR), induce cellular senescence in cancer cells. However, it is not clear whether these drugs induce senescence in immune cells. We evaluated the induction of cellular senescence in T cells were derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in healthy donors using sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents. The PBMNCs were kept overnight in RPMI 1640 medium with 2% phytohemagglutinin and 10% fetal bovine serum and then cultured in RPMI 1640 with 20 ng/mL IL-2 and sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic drugs (2 μM MEL and 50 nM DXR) for 48 h. Sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induced phenotypes associated with senescence, such as the formation of γH2AX nuclear foci, cell proliferation arrest, and induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, (control vs. MEL, DXR; median mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 1883 (1130-2163) vs. 2233 (1385-2254), 2406.5 (1377-3119), respectively) in T cells. IL6 and SPP1 mRNA, which are senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, were significantly upregulated by sublethal doses of MEL and DXR compared to the control (P = 0.043 and 0.018, respectively). Moreover, sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents significantly enhanced the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + T cells compared to the control (CD4 + T cells; P = 0.043, 0.043, and 0.043, respectively, CD8 + T cells; P = 0.043, 0.043, and 0.043, respectively). Our results suggest that sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induce senescence in T cells and tumor immunosuppression by upregulating PD-1 expression on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
| | - Maaya Awata-Shiraiwa
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Rei Ishihara
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Yuta Masuda
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oda
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ikuko Matsumura
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0034, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0034, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tsukamoto
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
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11
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Gao H, Qi X, Zhang J, Wang N, Xin J, Jiao D, Liu K, Qi J, Guan Y, Ding D. Smart One-for-All Agent with Adaptive Functions for Improving Photoacoustic /Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Immunotherapy. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201582. [PMID: 36807567 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional phototheranostics that integrate several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into one platform hold great promise for precision medicine. However, it is really difficult for one molecule to possess multimodality optical imaging and therapy properties that all functions are in the optimized mode because the absorbed photoenergy is fixed. Herein, a smart one-for-all nanoagent that the photophysical energy transformation processes can be facilely tuned by external light stimuli is developed for precise multifunctional image-guided therapy. A dithienylethene-based molecule is designed and synthesized because it has two light-switchable forms. In the ring-closed form, most of the absorbed energy dissipates via nonradiative thermal deactivation for photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In the ring-open form, the molecule possesses obvious aggregation-induced emission features with excellent fluorescence and photodynamic therapy properties. In vivo experiments demonstrate that preoperative PA and fluorescence imaging help to delineate tumors in a high-contrast manner, and intraoperative fluorescence imaging is able to sensitively detect tiny residual tumors. Furthermore, the nanoagent can induce immunogenic cell death to elicit antitumor immunity and significantly suppress solid tumors. This work develops a smart one-for-all agent that the photophysical energy transformation and related phototheranostic properties can be optimized by light-driven structure switch, which is promising for multifunctional biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinwen Qi
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingrui Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Di Jiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kaining Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Guan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Children's Hospital /Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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12
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Advances in antibody-based therapy in oncology. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:165-180. [PMID: 36806801 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are a growing class of targeted cancer therapeutics, characterized by exquisite specificity, long serum half-life, high affinity and immune effector functions. In this review, we outline key advances in the field with a particular focus on recent and emerging classes of engineered antibody therapeutic candidates, discuss molecular structure and mechanisms of action and provide updates on clinical development and practice.
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13
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Mallardo D, Giannarelli D, Vitale MG, Galati D, Trillò G, Esposito A, Isgrò MA, D'Angelo G, Festino L, Vanella V, Trojaniello C, White A, De Cristofaro T, Bailey M, Pignata S, Caracò C, Petrillo A, Muto P, Maiolino P, Budillon A, Warren S, Cavalcanti E, Ascierto PA. Nivolumab serum concentration in metastatic melanoma patients could be related to outcome and enhanced immune activity: a gene profiling retrospective analysis. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005132. [PMID: 36424033 PMCID: PMC9693654 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 antibody approved for treating metastatic melanoma (MM), for which still limited evidence is available on the correlation between drug exposure and patient outcomes. METHODS In this observational retrospective study, we assessed whether nivolumab concentration is associated with treatment response in 88 patients with MM and if the patient's genetic profile plays a role in this association. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant correlation between nivolumab serum concentration and clinical outcomes, measured as overall and progression-free survival. Moreover, patients who achieved a clinical or partial response tended to have higher levels of nivolumab than those who reached stable disease or had disease progression. However, the difference was not statistically significant. In particular, patients who reached a clinical response had a significantly higher concentration of nivolumab and presented a distinct genetic signature, with more marked activation of ICOS and other genes involved in effector T-cells mediated proinflammatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these preliminary results show that in patients with MM, nivolumab concentration correlates with clinical outcomes and is associated with an increased expression of ICOS and other genes involved in the activation of T effectors cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Domenico Galati
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giusy Trillò
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Grazia D'Angelo
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Festino
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vito Vanella
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Andrew White
- NanoString Technologies Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Sandro Pignata
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Corrado Caracò
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Muto
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString Technologies Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
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14
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Regulatory T Cells in Ovarian Carcinogenesis and Future Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225488. [PMID: 36428581 PMCID: PMC9688690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to play a role in the development of solid tumors. A better understanding of the biology of Tregs, immune suppression by Tregs, and how cancer developed with the activity of Tregs has facilitated the development of strategies used to improve immune-based therapy. In ovarian cancer, Tregs have been shown to promote cancer development and resistance at different cancer stages. Understanding the various Treg-mediated immune escape mechanisms provides opportunities to establish specific, efficient, long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Here, we review the evidence of Treg involvement in various stages of ovarian cancer. We further provide an overview of the current and prospective therapeutic approaches that arise from the modulation of Treg-related tumor immunity at those specific stages. Finally, we propose combination strategies of Treg-related therapies with other anti-tumor therapies to improve clinical efficacy and overcome tumor resistance in ovarian cancer.
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15
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Haddad AF, Young JS, Gill S, Aghi MK. Resistance to immune checkpoint blockade: Mechanisms, counter-acting approaches, and future directions. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:532-541. [PMID: 35276342 PMCID: PMC9458771 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies seek to unleash the immune system against cancer cells. While a variety of immunotherapies exist, one of the most commonly used is immune checkpoint blockade, which refers to the use of antibodies to interfere with immunosuppressive signaling through immune checkpoint molecules. Therapies against various checkpoints have had success in the clinic across cancer types. However, the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors has varied across different cancer types and non-responsive patient populations have emerged. Non-responders to these therapies have highlighted the importance of understanding underlying mechanisms of resistance in order to predict which patients will respond and to tailor individual treatment paradigms. In this review we discuss the literature surrounding tumor mediated mechanisms of immune checkpoint resistance. We also describe efforts to overcome resistance and combine checkpoint inhibitors with additional immunotherapies. Finally, we provide insight into the future of immune checkpoint blockade, including the need for improved preclinical modeling and predictive biomarkers to facilitate personalized cancer treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manish K. Aghi
- Corresponding author at: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-779, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA. (M.K. Aghi)
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16
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Li Z, Tuong ZK, Dean I, Willis C, Gaspal F, Fiancette R, Idris S, Kennedy B, Ferdinand JR, Peñalver A, Cabantous M, Murtuza Baker S, Fry JW, Carlesso G, Hammond SA, Dovedi SJ, Hepworth MR, Clatworthy MR, Withers DR. In vivo labeling reveals continuous trafficking of TCF-1+ T cells between tumor and lymphoid tissue. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210749. [PMID: 35472220 PMCID: PMC9048291 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies will require a better understanding of how immune cells are recruited and sustained in tumors. Here, we used the photoconversion of the tumor immune cell compartment to identify newly entering lymphocytes, determine how they change over time, and investigate their egress from the tumor. Combining single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we found that while a diverse mix of CD8 T cell subsets enter the tumor, all CD8 T cells retained within this environment for more than 72 h developed an exhausted phenotype, revealing the rapid establishment of this program. Rather than forming tumor-resident populations, non-effector subsets, which express TCF-1 and include memory and stem-like cells, were continuously recruited into the tumor, but this recruitment was balanced by concurrent egress to the tumor-draining lymph node. Thus, the TCF-1+ CD8 T cell niche in tumors is highly dynamic, with the circulation of cells between the tumor and peripheral lymphoid tissue to bridge systemic and intratumoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zewen K. Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Isaac Dean
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fabrina Gaspal
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rémi Fiancette
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suaad Idris
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bethany Kennedy
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mia Cabantous
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Syed Murtuza Baker
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeremy W. Fry
- ProImmune Ltd., The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Matthew R. Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - David R. Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Dennison L, Ruggieri A, Mohan A, Leatherman J, Cruz K, Woolman S, Azad N, Lesinski GB, Jaffee EM, Yarchoan M. Context-Dependent Immunomodulatory Effects of MEK Inhibition are Enhanced with T-cell Agonist Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1187-1201. [PMID: 34389557 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MEK inhibition (MEKi) is proposed to enhance antitumor immunity but has demonstrated mixed results as an immunomodulatory strategy in human clinical trials. MEKi exerts direct immunomodulatory effects on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but these effects have not been independently investigated. Here we modeled tumor-specific MEKi through CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing of tumor cells (MEK1 KO) and pharmacologic MEKi with cobimetinib in a RAS-driven model of colorectal cancer. This approach allowed us to distinguish tumor-mediated and tumor-independent mechanisms of MEKi immunomodulation. MEK1 KO tumors demonstrated upregulation of JAK/STAT signaling; enhanced MHCI expression, CD8+ T-cell infiltration and T-cell activation; and impaired tumor growth that is immune-dependent. Pharmacologic MEKi recapitulated tumor-intrinsic effects but simultaneously impaired T-cell activation in the tumor microenvironment. We confirmed a reduction in human peripheral lymphocyte activation from a clinical trial of anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) with or without cobimetinib in biliary tract cancers. Impaired activation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes treated with pharmacologic MEKi was reversible and was rescued with the addition of a 41BB agonist. Collectively, these data underscore the ability of MEKi to induce context-dependent immunomodulatory effects and suggest that T cell-agonist therapy maximizes the beneficial effects of MEKi on the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Ruggieri
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | - Aditya Mohan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Skylar Woolman
- Biomedical Science, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - Nilofer Azad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
| | | | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
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18
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Anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade improves the efficacy of a melphalan-based therapy in experimental melanoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2460-2464. [PMID: 33980416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The induction of adaptive cellular immunity in patients with in-transit melanoma metastasis treated with hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with melphalan has been shown to contribute to the effectiveness of the therapy. Activated CD8+ T cells appear to be of particular importance for the efficacy of melphalan-based ILP therapy, as observed in both patients and animal models. In this study, we explored the possible synergistic effects of combining melphalan-based therapy with the checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 on tumours in a mouse melanoma model. METHODS A murine vaccination model that utilized melphalan-exposed melanoma cells was used to mimic certain immunological features of melphalan-based ILP. The effects of the vaccine on tumour growth and PD-1 expression on CD8+ tumour-infiltrating T cells were analyzed. The melphalan-based vaccine was then combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody and tumour growth was assessed. RESULTS Treatment with melphalan-based therapy significantly induced the expression of PD-1 on CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Combination therapy using melphalan-based therapy followed by treatment with PD-1 antibodies significantly reduced early-stage tumour growth relative to monotherapies and no treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study thus suggests that the addition of PD-1 blockade to melphalan-based therapies, such as ILP, may be therapeutically beneficial.
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19
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Cocco C, Morandi F, Airoldi I. Immune Checkpoints in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Targetable Pathways for Advanced Therapeutic Purposes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040927. [PMID: 33920505 PMCID: PMC8074115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex network between tumor cells and a variety of components including immune, stromal and vascular endothelial cells as well as the extracellular matrix. A wide panel of signals and interactions here take place, resulting in a bi-directional modulation of cellular functions. Many stimuli, on one hand, induce tumor growth and the spread of metastatic cells and, on the other hand, contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment. The latter feature is achieved by soothing immune effector cells, mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B and NK cells, and/or through expansion of regulatory cell populations, including regulatory T and B cells, tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this context, immune checkpoints (IC) are key players in the control of T cell activation and anti-cancer activities, leading to the inhibition of tumor cell lysis and of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, these pathways represent promising targets for the development of effective and innovative therapies both in adults and children. Here, we address the role of different cell populations homing the TME and of well-known and recently characterized IC in the context of pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss preclinical and clinical data available using IC inhibitors alone, in combination with each other or administered with standard therapies.
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20
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Mysona DP, Tran L, Bai S, dos Santos B, Ghamande S, Chan J, She JX. Tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic (immune) gene signatures robustly predict overall survival and treatment response in high grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:181-199. [PMID: 33520368 PMCID: PMC7840710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a transcriptomic signature capable of predicting prognosis and response to primary therapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Proportional hazard analysis was performed on individual genes in the TCGA RNAseq data set containing 229 HGSOC patients. Ridge regression analysis was performed to select genes and develop multigenic models. Survival analysis identified 120 genes whose expression levels were associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.49-2.46 or HR = 0.48-0.63). Ridge regression modeling selected 38 of the 120 genes for development of the final Ridge regression models. The consensus model based on plurality voting by 68 individual Ridge regression models classified 102 (45%) as low, 23 (10%) as moderate and 104 patients (45%) as high risk. The median OS was 31 months (HR = 7.63, 95% CI = 4.85-12.0, P < 1.0-10) and 77 months (HR = ref) in the high and low risk groups, respectively. The gene signature had two components: intrinsic (proliferation, metastasis, autophagy) and extrinsic (immune evasion). Moderate/high risk patients had more partial and non-responses to primary therapy than low risk patients (odds ratio = 4.54, P < 0.001). We concluded that the overall survival and response to primary therapy in ovarian cancer is best assessed using a combination of gene signatures. A combination of genes which combines both tumor intrinsic and extrinsic functions has the best prediction. Validation studies are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Mysona
- University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
- Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, Inc.Augusta, GA 30907, USA
| | - Lynn Tran
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Sharad Ghamande
- Department of OBGYN, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - John Chan
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research InstitutePalo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of OBGYN, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugusta, GA 30912, USA
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21
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Addition of TLR9 agonist immunotherapy to radiation improves systemic antitumor activity. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100983. [PMID: 33340886 PMCID: PMC7750418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose RT upregulated pDCs within the tumor microenvironment. The administration of intratumoral TLR9 agonist (CMP-001) after stereotactic RT significantly enhanced the anti-tumor immune response both locally and at secondary tumor site. CMP-001 Post-RT delayed the abscopal tumor growth and extended the survival rate via increasing the percentages of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells within the tumor microenvironment. The treatment proved efficacious in both lung adenocarcinoma and colon carcinoma syngeneic models used.
Radiotherapy (RT) has been used to control tumors by physically damaging DNA and inducing apoptosis; it also promotes antitumor immune responses via neoantigens release and augmenting immune-oncology agents to elicit systemic response. Tumor regression after RT can recruit inflammatory cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages and CD11b+ myeloid cell populations, a major subset of which may actually be immunosuppressive. However, these inflammatory cells also express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that can be stimulated to reverse suppressive characteristics and promote systemic antitumor outcomes. Here, we investigated the effects of adding CMP-001, a CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonist delivered in a virus-like particle (VLP), to RT in two murine models (344SQ metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and CT26 colon carcinoma). High-dose RT (12Gy x 3 fractions) significantly increased the percentages of plasmacytoid dendritic cells within the tumor islets 3- and 5-days post-RT; adding CMP-001 after RT also enhanced adaptive immunity by increasing the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. RT plus CMP-001-mediated activation of the immune system led to significant inhibition of tumor growth at both primary and abscopal tumor sites, thereby suggesting a new combinatorial treatment strategy for systemic disease.
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Morillon YM, Sabzevari A, Schlom J, Greiner JW. The Development of Next-generation PBMC Humanized Mice for Preclinical Investigation of Cancer Immunotherapeutic Agents. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:5329-5341. [PMID: 32988851 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the efficacy and mechanisms of human immuno-oncology agents has been hampered due to species-specific differences when utilizing preclinical mouse models. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) humanized mice provide a platform for investigating the modulation of the human immune-mediated antitumor response while circumventing the limitations of syngeneic model systems. Use of humanized mice has been stymied by model-specific limitations, some of which include the development of graft versus host disease, technical difficulty and cost associated with each humanized animal, and insufficient engraftment of some human immune subsets. Recent advances have addressed many of these limitations from which have emerged humanized models that are more clinically relevant. This review characterizes the expanded usage, advantages and limitations of humanized mice and provides insights into the development of the next generation of murine humanized models to further inform clinical applications of cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Maurice Morillon
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Ariana Sabzevari
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
| | - John W Greiner
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
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23
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Immune Checkpoint Expression on Immune Cells of HNSCC Patients and Modulation by Chemo- and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155181. [PMID: 32707816 PMCID: PMC7432918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous control mechanisms, including immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive cells, are exploited in the process of tumorigenesis to weaken the anti-tumor immune response. Cancer treatment by chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibition can lead to changes of checkpoint expression, which influences therapy success. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients (n = 23) and compared to healthy donors (n = 23). Immune checkpoint expression (programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related (GITR), CD137, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4) (OX40), t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3), B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3)) was determined on immune cells by flow cytometry. PD-L1 expression was detected on tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. Immune cells were treated with immuno- and chemotherapeutics to investigate treatment-specific change in immune checkpoint expression, in vitro. Specific changes of immune checkpoint expression were identified on PBL and TIL of HNSCC patients compared to healthy donors. Various chemotherapeutics acted differently on the expression of immune checkpoints. Changes of checkpoint expression were significantly less pronounced on regulatory T cells compared to other lymphocyte populations. Nivolumab treatment significantly reduced the receptor PD-1 on all analyzed T cell populations, in vitro. The specific immune checkpoint expression patterns in HNSCC patients and the investigated effects of immunomodulatory agents may improve the development and efficacy of targeted immunotherapy.
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24
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Zhang M, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Alotaibi F, Qiu L, Wang H, Peng S, Liu Y, Li Q, Gao D, Wang Z, Yuan K, Dou FF, Koropatnick J, Xiong J, Min W. miRNA-5119 regulates immune checkpoints in dendritic cells to enhance breast cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:951-967. [PMID: 32076794 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) based immunotherapy is a promising approach to clinical cancer treatment. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that bind to RNAs to mediate multiple events which are important in diverse biological processes. miRNA mimics and antagomirs may be potent agents to enhance DC-based immunotherapy against cancers. miRNA array analysis was used to identify a representative miR-5119 potentially regulating PD-L1 in DCs. We evaluated levels of ligands of immune cell inhibitory receptors (IRs) and miR-5119 in DCs from immunocompetent mouse breast tumor-bearing mice, and examined the molecular targets of miR-5119. We report that miRNA-5119 was downregulated in spleen DCs from mouse breast cancer-bearing mice. In silico analysis and qPCR data showed that miRNA-5119 targeted mRNAs encoding multiple negative immune regulatory molecules, including ligands of IRs such as PD-L1 and IDO2. DCs engineered to express a miR-5119 mimic downregulated PD-L1 and prevented T cell exhaustion in mice with breast cancer homografts. Moreover, miR-5119 mimic-engineered DCs effectively restored function to exhausted CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in robust anti-tumor cell immune response, upregulated cytokine production, reduced T cell apoptosis, and exhaustion. Treatment of 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice with miR-5119 mimic-engineered DC vaccine reduced T cell exhaustion and suppressed mouse breast tumor homograft growth. This study provides evidence supporting a novel therapeutic approach using miRNA-5119 mimic-engineered DC vaccines to regulate inhibitory receptors and enhance anti-tumor immune response in a mouse model of breast cancer. miRNA/DC-based immunotherapy has potential for advancement to the clinic as a new strategy for DC-based anti-breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Faizah Alotaibi
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology of Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dian Gao
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Keng Yuan
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - James Koropatnick
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiping Min
- Medical Laboratory Education Center, Colleges of Basic Medicine and Pharmacology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. .,Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. .,The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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25
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Chen C, Ni X, Jia S, Liang Y, Wu X, Kong D, Ding D. Massively Evoking Immunogenic Cell Death by Focused Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress using an AIE Luminogen with a Twisted Molecular Structure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904914. [PMID: 31696981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) provides momentous theoretical principle for modern cancer immunotherapy. However, the currently available ICD inducers are still very limited and photosensitizer-based ones can hardly induce sufficient ICD to achieve satisfactory cancer immunotherapy by themselves. Herein, an organic photosensitizer (named TPE-DPA-TCyP) with a twisted molecular structure, strong aggregation-induced emission activity, and specific ability is reported for effectively inducing focused mitochondrial oxidative stress of cancer cells, which can serve as a much superior ICD inducer to the popularly used ones, including chlorin e6 (Ce6), pheophorbide A, and oxaliplatin. Furthermore, more effective in vivo ICD immunogenicity of TPE-DPA-TCyP than Ce6 is also demonstrated using a prophylactic tumor vaccination model. The underlying mechanism of the effectiveness and robustness of TPE-DPA-TCyP in inducing antitumor immunity and immune-memory effect in vivo is verified by immune cell analyses. This study thus reveals that inducing focused mitochondrial oxidative stress is a highly effective strategy to evoke abundant and large-scale ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaorui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Zhang M, Gao D, Shi Y, Wang Y, Joshi R, Yu Q, Liu D, Alotaibi F, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li Q, Zhang ZX, Koropatnick J, Min W. miR-149-3p reverses CD8 + T-cell exhaustion by reducing inhibitory receptors and promoting cytokine secretion in breast cancer cells. Open Biol 2019; 9:190061. [PMID: 31594465 PMCID: PMC6833224 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of inhibitory receptors (IRs) is one of the most effective immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer. Dysfunction of miRNAs is a major cause of aberrant expression of IRs and contributes to the immune escape of cancer cells. How miRNAs regulate immune checkpoint proteins in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, downregulation of miRNAs was observed in PD-1-overexpressing CD8+ T cells using miRNA array analysis of mouse breast cancer homografts. The data reveal that miR-149-3p was predicted to bind the 3'UTRs of mRNAs encoding T-cell inhibitor receptors PD-1, TIM-3, BTLA and Foxp1. Treatment of CD8+ T cells with an miR-149-3p mimic reduced apoptosis, attenuated changes in mRNA markers of T-cell exhaustion and downregulated mRNAs encoding PD-1, TIM-3, BTLA and Foxp1. On the other hand, T-cell proliferation and secretion of effector cytokines indicative of increased T-cell activation (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were upregulated after miR-149-3p mimic treatment. Moreover, the treatment with a miR-149-3p mimic promoted the capacity of CD8+ T cells to kill targeted 4T1 mouse breast tumour cells. Collectively, these data show that miR-149-3p can reverse CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and reveal it to be a potential antitumour immunotherapeutic agent in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Qiongfang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Daheng Liu
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Faizah Alotaibi
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Xu Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5
| | - Weiping Min
- Institute of Immunotherapy of Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada N6A 5A5.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
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27
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Wang S, Wu M, Ma S. Integrative Analysis of Cancer Omics Data for Prognosis Modeling. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080604. [PMID: 31405076 PMCID: PMC6727084 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognosis modeling plays an important role in cancer studies. With the development of omics profiling, extensive research has been conducted to search for prognostic markers for various cancer types. However, many of the existing studies share a common limitation by only focusing on a single cancer type and suffering from a lack of sufficient information. With potential molecular similarity across cancer types, one cancer type may contain information useful for the analysis of other types. The integration of multiple cancer types may facilitate information borrowing so as to more comprehensively and more accurately describe prognosis. In this study, we conduct marginal and joint integrative analysis of multiple cancer types, effectively introducing integration in the discovery process. For accommodating high dimensionality and identifying relevant markers, we adopt the advanced penalization technique which has a solid statistical ground. Gene expression data on nine cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) are analyzed, leading to biologically sensible findings that are different from the alternatives. Overall, this study provides a novel venue for cancer prognosis modeling by integrating multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengyun Wu
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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28
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De Sousa Linhares A, Battin C, Jutz S, Leitner J, Hafner C, Tobias J, Wiedermann U, Kundi M, Zlabinger GJ, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. Therapeutic PD-L1 antibodies are more effective than PD-1 antibodies in blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11472. [PMID: 31391510 PMCID: PMC6685986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of PD-1 signaling have revolutionized cancer therapy. PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have been approved for the treatment of cancer. To date, therapeutic PD-1 inhibitors have not been compared in a functional assay. We used an efficient T cell reporter platform to evaluate the efficacy of five clinically used PD-1 inhibitors to block PD-1 signaling. The half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) for nivolumab and pembrolizumab were 76.17 ng/ml (95% CI 64.95-89.34 ng/ml) and 39.90 ng/ml (34.01-46.80 ng/ml), respectively. The EC50 values of the PD-L1 inhibitors were 6.46 ng/ml (5.48-7.61 ng/ml), 6.15 ng/ml (5.24-7.21 ng/ml) and 7.64 ng/ml (6.52-8.96 ng/ml) for atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, respectively. In conclusion, a functional assay evaluating antibodies targeting PD-1 inhibition in vitro revealed that pembrolizumab is a slightly more effective PD-1 blocker than nivolumab, and that PD-L1 antibodies are superior to PD-1 antibodies in reverting PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological Research, Karl Landsteiner Gesellschaft, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Joshua Tobias
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Zhou R, Yazdanifar M, Roy LD, Whilding LM, Gavrill A, Maher J, Mukherjee P. CAR T Cells Targeting the Tumor MUC1 Glycoprotein Reduce Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1149. [PMID: 31178870 PMCID: PMC6543840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved gratifying breakthrough in hematologic malignancies but has shown limited success in solid tumor immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibody, TAB004, specifically recognizes the aberrantly glycosylated tumor form of MUC1 (tMUC1) in all subtypes of breast cancer including 95% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) while sparing recognition of normal tissue MUC1. We transduced human T cells with MUC28z, a chimeric antigen receptor comprising of the scFv of TAB004 coupled to CD28 and CD3ζ. MUC28z was well-expressed on the surface of engineered activated human T cells. MUC28z CAR T cells demonstrated significant target-specific cytotoxicity against a panel of human TNBC cells. Upon recognition of tMUC1 on TNBC cells, MUC28z CAR T cells increased production of Granzyme B, IFN-γ and other Th1 type cytokines and chemokines. A single dose of MUC28z CAR T cells significantly reduced TNBC tumor growth in a xenograft model. Thus, MUC28z CAR T cells have high therapeutic potential against tMUC1-positive TNBC tumors with minimal damage to normal breast epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lopamudra Das Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lynsey M Whilding
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Artemis Gavrill
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Maher
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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30
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Monette A, Bergeron D, Ben Amor A, Meunier L, Caron C, Mes-Masson AM, Kchir N, Hamzaoui K, Jurisica I, Lapointe R. Immune-enrichment of non-small cell lung cancer baseline biopsies for multiplex profiling define prognostic immune checkpoint combinations for patient stratification. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:86. [PMID: 30922393 PMCID: PMC6437930 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Permanence of front-line management of lung cancer by immunotherapies requires predictive companion diagnostics identifying immune-checkpoints at baseline, challenged by the size and heterogeneity of biopsy specimens. Methods An innovative, tumor heterogeneity reducing, immune-enriched tissue microarray was constructed from baseline biopsies, and multiplex immunofluorescence was used to profile 25 immune-checkpoints and immune-antigens. Results Multiple immune-checkpoints were ranked, correlated with antigen presenting and cytotoxic effector lymphocyte activity, and were reduced with advancing disease. Immune-checkpoint combinations on TILs were associated with a marked survival advantage. Conserved combinations validated on more than 11,000 lung, breast, gastric and ovarian cancer patients demonstrate the feasibility of pan-cancer companion diagnostics. Conclusions In this hypothesis-generating study, deepening our understanding of immune-checkpoint biology, comprehensive protein-protein interaction and pathway mapping revealed that redundant immune-checkpoint interactors associate with positive outcomes, providing new avenues for the deciphering of molecular mechanisms behind effects of immunotherapeutic agents targeting immune-checkpoints analyzed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0544-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Monette
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Tour Viger, Room R10-432, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Derek Bergeron
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amira Ben Amor
- Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Department of Immunology and Histology, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Liliane Meunier
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Tour Viger, Room R10-432, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Christine Caron
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Tour Viger, Room R10-432, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Tour Viger, Room R10-432, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Kamel Hamzaoui
- Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Department of Immunology and Histology, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Homeostasis and cell immune dysfunction Research Unit, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Krembil Research Institute, UHN, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Tour Viger, Room R10-432, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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31
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Ladányi A, Kapuvári B, Papp E, Tóth E, Lövey J, Horváth K, Gődény M, Remenár É. Local immune parameters as potential predictive markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving induction chemotherapy and cetuximab. Head Neck 2018; 41:1237-1245. [PMID: 30548478 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor-associated immune cells may predict response to therapy and disease outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients receiving induction chemotherapy and cetuximab. METHODS Paraffin-embedded pretreatment biopsy samples from 45 patients with stage III-IV resectable HNSCC were investigated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry for density of different immune cell types based on expression of CD8, FOXP3, CD134, CD137, PD-1, CD20, NKp46, dendritic cell lysosomal-associated membrane protein (DC-LAMP), CD16, CD68, and myeloperoxidase. Results were analyzed for possible correlations with clinicopathologic parameters, response to therapy, and survival. RESULTS Of the immune cell types studied, we found significant association with response to induction chemotherapy only in the case of DC-LAMP+ mature dendritic cells and PD-1+ lymphocytes; density of DC-LAMP+ cells also correlated with progression-free survival. CONCLUSION DC-LAMP+ mature dendritic cells and PD-1+ cells may be implicated in response to induction chemotherapy and cetuximab in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kapuvári
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Papp
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Lövey
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Horváth
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Gődény
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Remenár
- Multidisciplinary Center of Head and Neck Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Zahm CD, Colluru VT, McIlwain SJ, Ong IM, McNeel DG. TLR Stimulation during T-cell Activation Lowers PD-1 Expression on CD8 + T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1364-1374. [PMID: 30201735 PMCID: PMC6215515 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expression of T-cell checkpoint receptors can compromise antitumor immunity. Blockade of these receptors, notably PD-1 and LAG-3, which become expressed during T-cell activation with vaccination, can improve antitumor immunity. We evaluated whether T-cell checkpoint expression could be separated from T-cell activation in the context of innate immune stimulation with TLR agonists. We found that ligands for TLR1/2, TLR7, and TLR9 led to a decrease in expression of PD-1 on antigen-activated CD8+ T cells. These effects were mediated by IL12 released by professional antigen-presenting cells. In two separate tumor models, treatment with antitumor vaccines combined with TLR1/2 or TLR7 ligands induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with lower PD-1 expression and improved antitumor immunity. These findings highlight the role of innate immune activation during effector T-cell development and suggest that at least one mechanism by which specific TLR agonists can be strategically used as vaccine adjuvants is by modulating the expression of PD-1 during CD8+ T-cell activation. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1364-74. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Zahm
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Viswa T Colluru
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean J McIlwain
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Irene M Ong
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
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33
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De Sousa Linhares A, Leitner J, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. Not All Immune Checkpoints Are Created Equal. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1909. [PMID: 30233564 PMCID: PMC6127213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that block T cell inhibition via the immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1 have revolutionized cancer therapy during the last 15 years. T cells express additional inhibitory surface receptors that are considered to have potential as targets in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies against LAG-3 and TIM-3 are currently clinically tested to evaluate their effectiveness in patients suffering from advanced solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. In addition, blockade of the inhibitory BTLA receptors on human T cells may have potential to unleash T cells to effectively combat cancer cells. Much research on these immune checkpoints has focused on mouse models. The analysis of animals that lack individual inhibitory receptors has shed some light on the role of these molecules in regulating T cells, but also immune responses in general. There are current intensive efforts to gauge the efficacy of antibodies targeting these molecules called immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in different combinations in preclinical models of cancer. Differences between mouse and human immunology warrant studies on human immune cells to appreciate the potential of individual pathways in enhancing T cell responses. Results from clinical studies are not only highlighting the great benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating cancer but also yield precious information on their role in regulating T cells and other cells of the immune system. However, despite the clinical relevance of CTLA-4 and PD-1 and the high potential of the emerging immune checkpoints, there are still substantial gaps in our understanding of the biology of these molecules, which might prevent the full realization of their therapeutic potential. This review addresses PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA, LAG-3, and TIM-3, which are considered major inhibitory immune checkpoints expressed on T cells. It provides summaries of our current conception of the role of these molecules in regulating T cell responses, and discussions about major ambiguities and gaps in our knowledge. We emphasize that each of these molecules harbors unique properties that set it apart from the others. Their distinct functional profiles should be taken into account in therapeutic strategies that aim to exploit these pathways to enhance immune responses to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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34
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RNA-seq analysis identifies different transcriptomic types and developmental trajectories of primary melanomas. Oncogene 2018; 37:6136-6151. [PMID: 29995873 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed trajectories of mutational events in early melanomagenesis, but the accompanying changes in gene expression are far less understood. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive RNA-seq analysis of laser-microdissected melanocytic nevi (n = 23) and primary melanoma samples (n = 57) and characterized the molecular mechanisms of early melanoma development. Using self-organizing maps, unsupervised clustering, and analysis of pseudotime (PT) dynamics to identify evolutionary trajectories, we describe here two transcriptomic types of melanocytic nevi (N1 and N2) and primary melanomas (M1 and M2). N1/M1 lesions are characterized by pigmentation-type and MITF gene signatures, and a high prevalence of NRAS mutations in M1 melanomas. N2/M2 lesions are characterized by inflammatory-type and AXL gene signatures with an equal distribution of wild-type and mutated BRAF and low prevalence of NRAS mutations in M2 melanomas. Interestingly, N1 nevi and M1 melanomas and N2 nevi and M2 melanomas, respectively, cluster together, but there is no clustering in a stage-dependent manner. Transcriptional signatures of M1 melanomas harbor signatures of BRAF/MEK inhibitor resistance and M2 melanomas harbor signatures of anti-PD-1 antibody treatment resistance. Pseudotime dynamics of nevus and melanoma samples are suggestive for a switch-like immune-escape mechanism in melanoma development with downregulation of immune genes paralleled by an increasing expression of a cell cycle signature in late-stage melanomas. Taken together, the transcriptome analysis identifies gene signatures and mechanisms underlying development of melanoma in early and late stages with relevance for diagnostics and therapy.
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35
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Adoptive T cell therapy: points to consider. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:197-203. [PMID: 29730057 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) has enjoyed a revival in recent years with the approval of CAR T cells for the treatment of patients with B cell malignancies. Advancing the use of adoptively transferred T cells for the treatment of patients with solid tumor and other hematologic malignancies however, will require addressing numerous effector cell intrinsic as well as tumor micro environmental hurdles and exploiting a broader ACT platform that includes not only engineered CAR-T cells, but also other forms of ACT including Endogenous T Cell (ETC) and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. In this review, we open this discussion with some 'points to consider' as a starting point for envisioning more effective strategies that are now feasible because of recent discoveries In immune resistance and the development of enabling technologies to harness the power of tumor - reactive T cells for adoptive cell therapy.
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36
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Lipid Accumulation in Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells and Anticancer Immunity in Patients with Lung Cancer. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5708239. [PMID: 29850632 PMCID: PMC5925181 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5708239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the subsets of peripheral blood dendritic cells (DCs) and lipid accumulation in DCs to investigate the involvement of DCs in the decreased anticancer immunity of advanced lung cancer patients. We analyzed the population of DC subsets in peripheral blood using flow cytometry. We then determined lipid accumulation in the DCs using BODIPY 650/665, a fluorophore with an affinity for lipids. Compared with healthy controls, the number of DCs in the peripheral blood of treatment-naive cancer patients was significantly reduced. In patients with stage III + IV disease, the numbers of myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs were also significantly reduced. Lipid accumulation in DCs evaluated based on the fluorescence intensity of BODIPY 650/665 was significantly higher in stage III + IV lung cancer patients than in the controls. In the subset analysis, the fluorescence was highest for mDCs. The intracellularly accumulated lipids were identified as triglycerides. A decreased mixed leukocyte reaction was observed in the mDCs from lung cancer patients compared with those from controls. Taken together, the results show that lung cancer patients have a notably decreased number of peripheral blood DCs and their function as antigen-presenting cells is decreased due to their high intracellular lipid accumulation. Thereby, anticancer immunity is suppressed.
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37
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Wang W, Xia X, Wu S, Guo M, Lie P, He J. Cancer immunotherapy: A need for peripheral immunodynamic monitoring. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79:e12793. [PMID: 29288509 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become an important approach for treating different tumours which has shown significant efficacy in numerous clinical trials, especially those using new checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy, which have rapidly become widespread after being approved. However, analysis of peripheral immune biomarkers before and after immunotherapy and their relationship to clinical responses and disease prognosis have rarely been performed in clinical trials. In this review, we examine dynamic changes in the immune system before and after therapy by analyzing recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in patients with cancer that focused on checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy. Our aim was to identify circulating biomarkers which can specifically predict clinical response and prognosis, as well as toxicities of immunotherapy. Through this approach, we hope to advance our understanding of the mechanisms of immunotherapy with the goal of developing individualized treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sipei Wu
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puyi Lie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Chan J, Kim PY, Kranz E, Nagaoka Y, Lee Y, Wen J, Elsaesser HJ, Qin M, Brooks DG, Ringpis GE, Chen IS, Kamata M. Purging Exhausted Virus-Specific CD8 T Cell Phenotypes by Somatic Cell Reprogramming. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S59-S69. [PMID: 29140111 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells are critical in controlling virus infections. However, continuous antigen stimulation and negative regulatory factors cause CD8 T cells to enter a dysfunctional state (T cell exhaustion), resulting in viral persistence. We hypothesized that the exhausted T cell state could be molecularly rejuvenated using a somatic cell reprogramming technology, which is technically able to convert any types of cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to regenerate functional T cells capable of purging chronic infection. We generated a new mouse line (B6/129OKSM) in which every somatic cell contains four doxycycline-inducible reprogramming genes (Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc: OKSM), and infected them with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 to establish chronic infection. Exhausted LCMV-specific T cells isolated by flow sorting were successfully reprogrammed ex vivo into iPSCs in the presence of doxycycline. Upon injection into blastocysts and subsequent transfer into foster females, the reprogrammed cells differentiated into functional naive T cells that maintained their original antigen specificity. These results provide proof of concept that somatic cell reprogramming of exhausted T cells into iPSCs can erase imprints of their previous exhausted state and in turn regenerate functional virus-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Y. Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emiko Kranz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yoshiko Nagaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - YooJin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heidi J. Elsaesser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meng Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - David G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gene-Errol Ringpis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irvin S.Y. Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California
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39
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Okoye IS, Houghton M, Tyrrell L, Barakat K, Elahi S. Coinhibitory Receptor Expression and Immune Checkpoint Blockade: Maintaining a Balance in CD8 + T Cell Responses to Chronic Viral Infections and Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1215. [PMID: 29033936 PMCID: PMC5626929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer and chronic viral infections, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen stimulation. This results in expression of multiple inhibitory receptors also called “immune checkpoints” by T cells. Although these inhibitory receptors under normal conditions maintain self-tolerance and prevent immunopathology, their sustained expression deteriorates T cell function: a phenomenon called exhaustion. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy involve blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death 1 in order to reverse T cell exhaustion and reinvigorate immunity, which has translated to dramatic clinical remission in many cases of metastatic melanoma and lung cancer. With the paucity of therapeutic vaccines against chronic infections such as HIV, HPV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, such adjunct checkpoint blockade strategies are required including the blockade of other inhibitory receptors such as T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains, T cell Ig and mucin-domain containing-3, lymphocyte activation gene 3, and V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation. The nature of different chronic viral infections and cancers is likely to influence the level, composition, and pattern of inhibitory receptors expressed by responding T cells. This will have implications for checkpoint antibody blockade strategies employed for treating tumors and chronic viral infections. Here, we review recent advances that provide a clearer insight into the role of coinhibitory receptor expression in T cell exhaustion and reveal novel antibody-blockade therapeutic targets for chronic viral infections and cancer. Understanding the mechanism of T cell exhaustion in response to chronic virus infections and cancer as well as the nature of restored T cell responses will contribute to further improvement of immune checkpoint blockade strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Okoye
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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40
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Prado-Garcia H, Romero-Garcia S, Puerto-Aquino A, Rumbo-Nava U. The PD-L1/PD-1 pathway promotes dysfunction, but not "exhaustion", in tumor-responding T cells from pleural effusions in lung cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:765-776. [PMID: 28289860 PMCID: PMC11028517 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusions are frequent in patients with advanced stages of lung cancer and are commonly infiltrated by lymphocytes and tumor cells. CD8+ T cells from these effusions have reduced effector functions. The programmed death receptor 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is involved in T-cell exhaustion, and it might be responsible for T-cell dysfunction in lung cancer patients. Here, we show that PD-L1 is expressed on tumor cell samples from malignant effusions, on lung cancer cell lines, and, interestingly, on MRC-5 lung fibroblasts. PD-L1 was up-regulated in lung cancer cell lines upon treatment with IFN-gamma, but not under hypoxic conditions, as detected by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Blockade of PD-L1 on tumor cells restored granzyme-B expression in allogenic CD8+ T cells in vitro. Remarkably, pleural effusion CD8+ T cells that responded to the tumor antigens MAGE-3A and WT-1 (identified as CD137+ cells) were lower in frequency than CMV pp65-responding CD8+ T cells and did not have an exhausted phenotype (PD-1+ TIM-3+). Nonetheless, tumor-responding CD8+ T cells had a memory phenotype and expressed higher levels of PD-1. A PD-L1 blocking antibody increased the expression of granzyme-B and perforin on polyclonal- and tumor-stimulated CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our data show that rather than being exhausted, tumor-responding CD8+ T cells are not completely differentiated into effector cells and are prone to negative regulation by PD-L1. Hence, our study provides evidence that lung cancer patients respond to immunotherapy due to blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Puerto-Aquino
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uriel Rumbo-Nava
- Clinica de Neumo-Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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41
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Zhou DM, Xu YX, Zhang LY, Sun Y, Wang ZY, Yuan YQ, Fu JX. The role of follicular T helper cells in patients with malignant lymphoid disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:412-418. [PMID: 28281408 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1300623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the dynamic change of follicular T helper cells (TFH) in patients with malignant lymphoid disease (MLD) and to explore its clinical significance. METHODS The dynamic change of TFH cells, ICOS+- and PD-1+ TFH cells at pretreatment and different treatment periods was determined by flow cytometry in 85 MLD patients. Concentration of interleukin 21 (IL-21) was evaluated by ELISA, and the correlation between clinical prognosis and the ratio of TFH cells was analyzed. RESULTS Significantly increased ICOS+- and PD-1+ TFH cells were found in MLD patients at pretreatment compared to healthy controls. Decreased or even close to normal levels of ICOS+- and PD-1+ TFH cells were found at the end of treatment. However, in the patients with progressive disease, high levels of ICOS+- and PD-1+ TFH cells were found. Moreover, a significantly increased plasma IL-21 level was found in MLD patients. Negative correlation was found between the level of ICOS+-, PD-1+ TFH cells, as well as IL-21 and the prognosis of MLD. CONCLUSIONS Significantly increased TFH cell ratios were found in patients with MLD, and decreased TFH cells ratios could be expected in those treatment-effective patients, which could be used as the therapeutic efficacy index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Zhou
- a Department of Hematology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yan-Xia Xu
- a Department of Hematology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yu Sun
- a Department of Hematology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Zi-Yan Wang
- a Department of Hematology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yu-Qing Yuan
- a Department of Hematology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jin-Xiang Fu
- a Department of Hematology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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42
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Nowak EC, Lines JL, Varn FS, Deng J, Sarde A, Mabaera R, Kuta A, Le Mercier I, Cheng C, Noelle RJ. Immunoregulatory functions of VISTA. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:66-79. [PMID: 28258694 PMCID: PMC5702497 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) for cancer immunotherapy has garnered significant interest with the completion of clinical trials demonstrating efficacy. While the results of monotherapy treatments are compelling, there is increasing emphasis on combination treatments in an effort to increase response rates to treatment. One of the most recently discovered NCRs is VISTA (V-domain Ig-containing Suppressor of T cell Activation). In this review, we describe the functions of this molecule in the context of cancer immunotherapy. We also discuss factors that may influence the use of anti-VISTA antibody in combination therapy and how genomic analysis may assist in providing indications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - J. Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Frederick S. Varn
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Aurelien Sarde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rodwell Mabaera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Anna Kuta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Randolph J. Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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43
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Rao M, Valentini D, Dodoo E, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for infectious diseases: learning from the cancer paradigm. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 56:221-228. [PMID: 28163164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint pathways regulate optimal host immune responses against transformed cells, induce immunological memory, and limit tissue pathology. Conversely, aberrant immune checkpoint activity signifies a poor prognosis in cancer and infectious diseases. Host-directed therapy (HDT) via immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment with therapeutic implications for chronic infections, thus laying the foundation for this review. METHODS Online literature searches were performed via PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google using the keywords "immune checkpoint inhibition"; "host-directed therapy"; "T cell exhaustion"; "cancer immunotherapy"; "anti-PD-1 therapy"; "anti-PD-L1 therapy"; "chronic infections"; "antigen-specific cells"; "tuberculosis"; "malaria"; "viral infections"; "human immunodeficiency virus"; "hepatitis B virus"; "hepatitis C virus"; "cytomegalovirus" and "Epstein-Barr virus". Search results were filtered based on relevance to the topics covered in this review. RESULTS The use of monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen-experienced T-cell marker programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 in the context of chronic infectious diseases is reviewed. The potential pitfalls and precautions, based on clinical experience from treating patients with cancer with PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors, are also described. CONCLUSIONS Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy holds promise as adjunctive therapy for chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV, and must therefore be tested in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rao
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhao Q, Huang ZL, He M, Gao Z, Kuang DM. BTLA identifies dysfunctional PD-1-expressing CD4 + T cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1254855. [PMID: 28123898 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1254855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway is being applied in clinic, the response outcomes are heterogeneous, suggesting existences of distinctive subsets within PD-1-expressing T cells that react differently to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. However, markers to demarcate these subsets in human cancers remain unclear. Here, we found that both PD-1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) were significantly upregulated on CD4+ T cells from tumor compared with those from paired non-tumor liver in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Interestingly, over 85% BTLA+ CD4+ T cells were PD-1-expressing cells and represented about 50% PD-1+ CD4+ T cells in tumors, and that level of BTLA+PD-1+ tumor CD4+ T cells were selectively associated with advanced stage HCC. BTLA+ identified highly dysfunctional PD-1-expressing CD4+ T cell subset, whereas BTLA- defined PD-1+ CD4+ T cells undergoing activation in HCC. Importantly, blockade of PD-L1 could restore the ability of IFNγ/TNF-α production in BTLA+PD-1+ tumor CD4+ T cells but partially suppressed the activation of BTLA-PD-1+ CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we provided evidence that BTLA signals also participated in suppressing CD4+ T cell function in HCC. In conclusion, BTLA could identify distinct function of PD-1 expressing CD4+ T cells in human cancer, which might not only advance our understanding of inhibitory receptor blockade, but also provide new targets for clinical predictors of response to these immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Lian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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45
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Muñoz-Fontela C, Mandinova A, Aaronson SA, Lee SW. Emerging roles of p53 and other tumour-suppressor genes in immune regulation. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 16:741-750. [PMID: 27667712 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-suppressor genes are indispensable for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Recently, several of these genes, including those encoding p53, PTEN, RB1 and ARF, have been implicated in immune responses and inflammatory diseases. In particular, the p53 tumour- suppressor pathway is involved in crucial aspects of tumour immunology and in homeostatic regulation of immune responses. Other studies have identified roles for p53 in various cellular processes, including metabolism and stem cell maintenance. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of p53 and other tumour-suppressor genes in tumour immunology, as well as in additional immunological settings, such as virus infection. This relatively unexplored area could yield important insights into the homeostatic control of immune cells in health and disease and facilitate the development of more effective immunotherapies. Consequently, tumour-suppressor genes are emerging as potential guardians of immune integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Fontela
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Augmented CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56− cells in cytokine-induced killer cells cultured with engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement from heavily pretreated patients with solid tumor. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:581-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen S, Ni G, Wu X, Zhu B, Liao Z, Wang Y, Liu X. Blocking IL-10 signalling at the time of immunization renders the tumour more accessible to T cell infiltration in mice. Cell Immunol 2015; 300:9-17. [PMID: 26607604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that blockade of IL-10 signalling at the time of a human papillomavirus (HPV) long E7 peptide/LPS immunization leads to the regression of established HPV-16 immortalized tumours in mice similar to that induced by long E7 peptide/incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA)-based vaccination. In this paper, we demonstrated that blockade of IL-10 signalling at the time of long E7 peptide/LPS could elicit stronger T cells responses and render the tumour more accessible for immune cell infiltration than vaccination with long E7 peptide/IFA. Furthermore, priming with long E7 peptide/LPS and IL10 signalling blockade then boosting with long E7 peptide/IFA elicits stronger CD8+ T cell responses than long E7 peptide/IFA immunization. The results suggest that priming with long E7 peptide/LPS and IL10 signalling inhibitor, then boosting with long E7 peptide/IFA elicits may lead to better HPV infection related tumour regression in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Guoying Ni
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Xiaolian Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zaowen Liao
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Yuejian Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia.
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49
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Ladányi A. Prognostic and predictive significance of immune cells infiltrating cutaneous melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:490-500. [PMID: 25818762 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is shaped by interactions between malignant cells and host cells representing an integral component of solid tumors. Host cells, including elements of the innate and adaptive immune system, can exert both positive and negative effects on the outcome of the disease. In melanoma, studies on the prognostic impact of the lymphoid infiltrate in general, and that of T cells, yielded controversial results. According to our studies and data in the literature, a high peritumoral density of activated T cells, increased amount of B lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells (DCs) predicted longer survival, while intense infiltration by plasmacytoid DCs or neutrophil granulocytes could be associated with poor prognosis. Besides its prognostic value, evaluation of the components of immune infiltrate could provide biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of the treatment and disease outcome in patients treated with immunotherapy or other, non-immune-based modalities as chemo-, radio-, or targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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50
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Feng C, Cao LJ, Song HF, Xu P, Chen H, Xu JC, Zhu XY, Zhang XG, Wang XF. Expression of PD-L1 on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells of Patients with Chronic HBV Infection and Its Correlation with Clinical Parameters. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:418-24. [PMID: 26266813 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in suppressing specific antiviral immune responses during the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) as well as tumorigenesis. Programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) expressed on Tregs can transduce an inhibitory signal into effector T cells through interacting with programmed death-1 (PD-1). However, in CHB patients, the clinical significance of PD-L1 expression on Tregs has not been clearly described. This study investigated the frequency of circulating Tregs and PD-L1 expression on Tregs and analyzed their correlations with clinical parameters. The data show that both the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs and PD-L1 expression on Tregs in the peripheral blood increased significantly in CHB patients when compared with healthy controls. At the same time, it is shown that PD-L1 expression on Tregs was positively correlated with the percentage of Tregs in CHB patients. Moreover, the results demonstrated that both Treg frequency and PD-L1 expression on Tregs positively correlated with the levels of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), both of which are indicators of the extent of liver injury. Taken together, these findings suggest that PD-L1 on Tregs might contribute to progression of hepatitis B virus infection through mediating the inhibitory function of Tregs. Thereby, blockade of interaction between Treg-expressing PD-L1 and PD-1 on effector T cells may be adopted as a potential therapeutic approach in CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Cao
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hua-Feng Song
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,2 Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City , Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- 2 Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City , Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- 2 Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City , Suzhou, China
| | - Jun-Chi Xu
- 2 Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City , Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- 2 Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City , Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Guang Zhang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,4 The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China
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