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Trandafir CM, Closca RM, Poenaru M, Sarau OS, Sarau CA, Rakitovan M, Baderca F, Sima LV. Morphological and Immunohistochemical Aspects with Prognostic Implications and Therapeutic Targets of Primary Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2863. [PMID: 39199634 PMCID: PMC11352549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal mucosal melanoma originates from melanocytes and it is a rare malignancy in the sinonasal tract. It is an aggressive melanocytic neoplasm with a very poor prognosis. The symptoms are nonspecific and the diagnosis is delayed, usually until the advanced stages of the disease. The current study performs a correlation between the histopathological aspects of sinonasal mucosal melanoma and different types of immune cells present in the microenvironment, with prognostic and therapeutic implications. The endpoint is to quantify the cellular immune microenvironment and correlate it with patient survival. This study presents nine cases of primary sinonasal mucosal melanomas diagnosed at the Emergency City Hospital Timisoara, Romania during a period of 15 years. The histopathological examination was performed in the Department of Pathology of the same hospital, using morphological hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additional immunohistochemical reactions were performed to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the components of the tumor immune microenvironment. This study identifies eosinophils, macrophages, natural killer cells and plasma cells as favorable prognostic factors. Therefore, a CD8:CD4 ratio of more than 3 is correlated with a good response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Marina Trandafir
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.M.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Raluca Maria Closca
- Department of Pathology, Emergency City Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marioara Poenaru
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.M.T.); (M.P.)
- ENT Department, Emergency City Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Silvana Sarau
- Hematology Department of the Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristian Andrei Sarau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Internal Medicine Department of the Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marina Rakitovan
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of the Emergency City Hospital, 300062 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flavia Baderca
- Department of Pathology, Emergency City Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Laurentiu Vasile Sima
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, Emergency City Hospital, Gheorghe Dima Square No 5, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
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2
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Xiao T, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Ge K, Guo J, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu H. Tailoring therapeutics via a systematic beneficial elements comparison between photosynthetic bacteria-derived OMVs and extruded nanovesicles. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:48-61. [PMID: 38434148 PMCID: PMC10904884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) has shown significant potential as a drug or drug delivery system owing to their photothermal capabilities and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the actualization of their potential is impeded by inherent constraints, including their considerable size, heightened immunogenicity and compromised biosafety. Conquering these obstacles and pursuing more effective solutions remains a top priority. Similar to extracellular vesicles, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have demonstrated a great potential in biomedical applications. OMVs from PSB encapsulate a rich array of bioactive constituents, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids inherited from their parent cells. Consequently, they emerge as a promising and practical alternative. Unfortunately, OMVs have suffered from low yield and inconsistent particle sizes. In response, bacteria-derived nanovesicles (BNVs), created through controlled extrusion, adeptly overcome the challenges associated with OMVs. However, the differences, both in composition and subsequent biological effects, between OMVs and BNVs remain enigmatic. In a groundbreaking endeavor, our study meticulously cultivates PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs, dissecting their nuances. Despite minimal differences in morphology and size between PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs, the latter contains a higher concentration of active ingredients and metabolites. Particularly noteworthy is the elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) found in BNVs, known for its ability to enhance cell proliferation and initiate downstream signaling pathways that promote angiogenesis and epithelialization. Importantly, our results indicate that BNVs can accelerate wound closure more effectively by orchestrating a harmonious balance of cell proliferation and migration within NIH-3T3 cells, while also activating the EGFR/AKT/PI3K pathway. In contrast, OMVs have a pronounced aptitude in anti-cancer efforts, driving macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, our findings not only provide a promising methodological framework but also establish a definitive criterion for discerning the optimal application of OMVs and BNVs in addressing a wide range of medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshan Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yichuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Kun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Junshu Guo
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
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3
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Zhang X, Tai Z, Miao F, Huang H, Zhu Q, Bao L, Chen Z. Metabolism heterogeneity in melanoma fuels deactivation of immunotherapy: Predict before protect. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1046102. [PMID: 36620597 PMCID: PMC9813867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1046102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is widely acknowledged as the most lethal skin malignancy. The metabolic reprogramming in melanoma leads to alterations in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), forming a hypoxic, glucose-deficient and acidic tumor microenvironment which inhibits the function of immune cells, resulting in a low response rate to immunotherapy. Therefore, improving the tumor microenvironment by regulating the metabolism can be used to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the metabolism of malignant melanoma are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, understanding and predicting how melanoma regulates metabolism is important to improve the local immune microenvironment of the tumor, and metabolism regulators are expected to increase treatment efficacy in combination with immunotherapy. This article reviews the energy metabolism in melanoma and its regulation and prediction, the integration of immunotherapy and metabolism regulators, and provides a comprehensive overview of future research focal points in this field and their potential application in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Zhongjian Chen, ; Leilei Bao,
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhongjian Chen, ; Leilei Bao,
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4
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A decade of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in melanoma: understanding the molecular basis for immune sensitivity and resistance. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:660-670. [PMID: 35241833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ten years since the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab was approved for advanced melanoma, it is time to reflect on the lessons learned regarding modulation of the immune system to treat cancer and on novel approaches to further extend the efficacy of current and emerging immunotherapies. Here, we review the studies that led to our current understanding of the melanoma immune microenvironment in humans and the mechanistic work supporting these observations. We discuss how this information is guiding more precise analyses of the mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint blockade and novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Lastly, we review emerging evidence supporting the negative impact of melanoma metabolic adaptation on anti-tumor immunity and discuss how to counteract such mechanisms for more successful use of immunotherapy.
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5
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Shan M, Wang Y. Viewing keloids within the immune microenvironment. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:718-727. [PMID: 35273680 PMCID: PMC8902558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Keloid is a fibrous hyperplastic disease of the skin characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Keloid patients suffer from severe facial damage and psychological burden, but the underlying pathologic mechanism remains unclear. Keloid fibroblasts are often considered the key cell of keloid formation, but the regulation of the immune microenvironment of keloid fibroblasts is poorly understood. The pathogenic roles of macrophages, Tregs, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in keloids are reviewed and further directions proposed, which may provide a novel window of opportunity for immunotherapy of keloids. Considering the dearth of studies on the function of immune cells related to keloids, the mechanisms of these immune cells in other diseases are further examined herein to provide a reference for future research on the immune microenvironment of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Shan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing, China
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6
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Wang W, Xu H, Ye Q, Tao F, Wheeldon I, Yuan A, Hu Y, Wu J. Systemic immune responses to irradiated tumours via the transport of antigens to the tumour periphery by injected flagellate bacteria. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:44-53. [PMID: 35058589 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Because the tumour microenvironment is typically immunosuppressive, the release of tumour antigens mediated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy does not sufficiently activate immune responses. Here we show that, following radiotherapy, the intratumoural injection of a genetically attenuated strain of Salmonella coated with antigen-adsorbing cationic polymer nanoparticles caused the accumulation of tumour antigens at the tumour's periphery. This enhanced the crosstalk between the antigens and dendritic cells, and resulted in large increases in activated ovalbumin-specific dendritic cells in vitro and in systemic antitumour effects, and extended survival in multiple tumour models in mice, including a model of metastasis and recurrence. The antitumour effects were abrogated by the antibody-mediated depletion of CD8+ T cells, indicating that systemic tumour regression was caused by adaptive immune responses. Leveraging flagellate bacteria to transport tumour antigens to the periphery of tumours to potentiate the activation of dendritic cells may open up new strategies for in situ cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ian Wheeldon
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ahu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University and School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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7
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Najem H, Marisetty A, Horbinski C, Long J, Huse JT, Glitza Oliva IC, Ferguson SD, Kumthekar PU, Wainwright DA, Chen P, Lesniak MS, Burks JK, Heimberger AB. CD11c+CD163+ Cells and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Expression Are Common in Melanoma Leptomeningeal Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745893. [PMID: 34691054 PMCID: PMC8531809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in melanoma patients is associated with significant neurological sequela and has a dismal outcome, with survival measured typically in weeks. Despite the therapeutic benefit of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for Stage IV melanoma, patients with LMD do not typically benefit. A deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of LMD may provide more appropriate therapeutic selection. A retrospective analysis of subjects who underwent surgical resection with LMD (n=8) were profiled with seven color multiplex staining to evaluate the expression of the global immune suppressive hub - the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and for the presence of CD3+ T cells, CD68+ monocyte-derived cells, CD163+ immune suppressive macrophages, and CD11c+ cells [potential dendritic cells (DCs)] in association with the melanoma tumor marker S100B and DAPI for cellular nuclear identification. High-resolution cellular imaging and quantification was conducted using the Akoya Vectra Polaris. CD11c+ cells predominate in the TME (10% of total cells), along with immunosuppressive macrophages (2%). Another potential subset of DCs co-expressing CD11c+ and the CD163+ immunosuppressive marker is frequently present (8/8 of specimens, 8%). Occasional CD3+ T cells are identified, especially in the stroma of the tumor (p=0.039). pSTAT3 nuclear expression is heterogeneous in the various immune cell populations. Occasional immune cluster interactions can be seen in the stroma and on the edge. In conclusion, the TME of LMD is largely devoid of CD3+ T cells but is enriched in immune suppression and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anantha Marisetty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason T. Huse
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isabella C. Glitza Oliva
- Department of Melanoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sherise D. Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Priya U. Kumthekar
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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8
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Coppo R, Orso F, Virga F, Dalmasso A, Baruffaldi D, Nie L, Clapero F, Dettori D, Quirico L, Grassi E, Defilippi P, Provero P, Valdembri D, Serini G, Sadeghi MM, Mazzone M, Taverna D. ESDN inhibits melanoma progression by blocking E-selectin expression in endothelial cells via STAT3. Cancer Lett 2021; 510:13-23. [PMID: 33862151 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An interactive crosstalk between tumor and stroma cells is essential for metastatic melanoma progression. We evidenced that ESDN/DCBLD2/CLCP1 plays a crucial role in endothelial cells during the spread of melanoma. Precisely, increased extravasation and metastasis formation were revealed in ESDN-null mice injected with melanoma cells, even if the primary tumor growth, vessel permeability, and angiogenesis were not enhanced. Interestingly, improved adhesion of melanoma cells to ESDN-depleted endothelial cells was observed, due to the presence of higher levels of E-selectin transcripts/proteins in ESDN-defective cells. In accordance with these results, anticorrelation was observed between ESDN and E-selectin in human endothelial cells. Most importantly, our data revealed that cimetidine, an E-selectin inhibitor, was able to block cell adhesion, extravasation, and metastasis formation in ESDN-null mice, underlying a major role of ESDN in E-selectin transcription upregulation, which according to our data, may presumably be linked to STAT3. Based on our results, we propose a protective role for ESDN during the spread of melanoma and reveal its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Coppo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Virga
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Dalmasso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Desirée Baruffaldi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lei Nie
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fabiana Clapero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Dettori
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Quirico
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Grassi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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9
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Vleeshouwers W, van den Dries K, de Keijzer S, Joosten B, Lidke DS, Cambi A. Characterization of the Signaling Modalities of Prostaglandin E2 Receptors EP2 and EP4 Reveals Crosstalk and a Role for Microtubules. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613286. [PMID: 33643295 PMCID: PMC7907432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator that modulates the function of myeloid immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) through the activation of the G protein-coupled receptors EP2 and EP4. While both EP2 and EP4 signaling leads to an elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through the stimulating Gαs protein, EP4 also couples to the inhibitory Gαi protein to decrease the production of cAMP. The receptor-specific contributions to downstream immune modulatory functions are still poorly defined. Here, we employed quantitative imaging methods to characterize the early EP2 and EP4 signaling events in myeloid cells and their contribution to the dissolution of adhesion structures called podosomes, which is a first and essential step in DC maturation. We first show that podosome loss in DCs is primarily mediated by EP4. Next, we demonstrate that EP2 and EP4 signaling leads to distinct cAMP production profiles, with EP4 inducing a transient cAMP response and EP2 inducing a sustained cAMP response only at high PGE2 levels. We further find that simultaneous EP2 and EP4 stimulation attenuates cAMP production, suggesting a reciprocal control of EP2 and EP4 signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that efficient signaling of both EP2 and EP4 relies on an intact microtubule network. Together, these results enhance our understanding of early EP2 and EP4 signaling in myeloid cells. Considering that modulation of PGE2 signaling is regarded as an important therapeutic possibility in anti-tumor immunotherapy, our findings may facilitate the development of efficient and specific immune modulators of PGE2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Vleeshouwers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sandra de Keijzer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Qin H, Chen Y. Lipid Metabolism and Tumor Antigen Presentation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:169-189. [PMID: 33740250 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors always evade immune surveillance and block T cell activation in a poorly immunogenic and immunosuppressive environment. Cancer cells and immune cells exhibit metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which intimately links immune cell function and edits tumor immunology. In addition to glucose metabolism, amino acid and lipid metabolism also provide the materials for biological processes crucial in cancer biology and pathology. Furthermore, lipid metabolism is synergistically or negatively involved in the interactions between tumors and the microenvironment and contributes to the regulation of immune cells. Antigen processing and presentation as the initiation of adaptive immune response play a critical role in antitumor immunity. Therefore, a relationship exists between antigen-presenting cells and lipid metabolism in TME. This chapter introduces the updated understandings of lipid metabolism of tumor antigen-presenting cells and describes new directions in the manipulation of immune responses for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Tumor Microenvironment: Implications in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102870. [PMID: 33036192 PMCID: PMC7601592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The response to pharmacological treatments is deeply influenced by the tight interactions between the tumor cells and the microenvironment. In this review we describe, for melanoma, the most important mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy mediated by the components of the microenvironment. In addition, we briefly describe the most recent therapeutic advances for this pathology. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms, which are underlying of drug resistance, is fundamental for the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of melanoma patients. Abstract Antitumor therapies have made great strides in recent decades. Chemotherapy, aggressive and unable to discriminate cancer from healthy cells, has given way to personalized treatments that, recognizing and blocking specific molecular targets, have paved the way for targeted and effective therapies. Melanoma was one of the first tumor types to benefit from this new care frontier by introducing specific inhibitors for v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), v-kit Hardy–Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT), and, recently, immunotherapy. However, despite the progress made in the melanoma treatment, primary and/or acquired drug resistance remains an unresolved problem. The molecular dynamics that promote this phenomenon are very complex but several studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays, certainly, a key role. In this review, we will describe the new melanoma treatment approaches and we will analyze the mechanisms by which TME promotes resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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12
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Zagorulya M, Duong E, Spranger S. Impact of anatomic site on antigen-presenting cells in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e001204. [PMID: 33020244 PMCID: PMC7537336 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBT) can induce long-term clinical benefits in patients with advanced cancer; however, response rates to CBT vary by cancer type. Cancers of the skin, lung, and kidney are largely responsive to CBT, while cancers of the pancreas, ovary, breast, and metastatic lesions to the liver respond poorly. The impact of tissue-resident immune cells on antitumor immunity is an emerging area of investigation. Recent evidence indicates that antitumor immune responses and efficacy of CBT depend on the tissue site of the tumor lesion. As myeloid cells are predominantly tissue-resident and can shape tumor-reactive T cell responses, it is conceivable that tissue-specific differences in their function underlie the tissue-site-dependent variability in CBT responses. Understanding the roles of tissue-specific myeloid cells in antitumor immunity can open new avenues for treatment design. In this review, we discuss the roles of tissue-specific antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in governing antitumor immune responses, with a particular focus on the contributions of tissue-specific dendritic cells. Using the framework of the Cancer-Immunity Cycle, we examine the contributions of tissue-specific APC in CBT-sensitive and CBT-resistant carcinomas, highlight how these cells can be therapeutically modulated, and identify gaps in knowledge that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zagorulya
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ellen Duong
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Xu Q, Dai C, Kong J, Chen H, Feng J, Zhang Y, Yin H. Immune profiling before treatment is predictive of TLR9-induced antitumor efficacy. Biomaterials 2020; 263:120379. [PMID: 32950915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
TLR9 targeting has been a dynamic research field with promising potential in tumor immunotherapy. However, why most patients do not respond to TLR9 agonists remains unknown. In our attempt to resolve this issue, we observed that anti-tumor response to our TLR9-targeting cancer nanomedicines varied according to the initial immune profile of the animals. Speculating that immune profiling before treatment, including the measurement of IFN-α, IL-12, IL-6, TNF, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and spleen-residing lymphocytes, could be used to predictively distinguish responders from non-responders, we performed experiments in two different tumor models 4T1-BALB/c and B16-C57BL/6, to validate the hypothesis. Results confirmed that antitumor efficacy with respect to tumor growth, immune cell infiltration, and cytokines release, correlated with the different condition of individuals, as well as the categorization of the animals. This work suggests that immune profiling before treatment might be able to predict the antitumor efficacy of TLR9 agonists in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Chengli Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Hekai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.
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14
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Deng W, Fernandez A, McLaughlin SL, Klinke DJ. Cell Communication Network Factor 4 (CCN4/WISP1) Shifts Melanoma Cells from a Fragile Proliferative State to a Resilient Metastatic State. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 13:45-60. [PMID: 32030107 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cellular communication network factor 4 (CCN4/WISP1) is a secreted matricellular protein that stimulates metastasis in multiple malignancies but has an unclear impact on phenotypic changes in melanoma. Recent data using cells edited via a double-nickase CRISPR/Cas9 approach suggest that CCN4/WISP1 stimulates invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells. While these data also suggest that loss of CCN4/WISP1 increases cell proliferative, the CRISPR approach used may be an alternative explanation rather than the loss of gene function. Methods To test whether CCN4/WISP1 also influences the proliferative phenotype of melanoma cells, we used mouse melanoma models and knocked out Ccn4 using a homology-directed repair CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate pools of Ccn4-knockout cells. The resulting edited cell pools were compared to parental cell lines using an ensemble of in vitro and in vivo assays. Results In vitro assays using knockout pools supported previous findings that CCN4/WISP1 promoted an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition in melanoma cells and stimulated invasion and metastasis. While Ccn4 knockout also enhanced cell growth in optimal 2D culture conditions, the knockout suppressed certain cell survival signaling pathways and rendered cells less resistant to stress conditions. Tumor cell growth assays at sub-optimal conditions in vitro, quantitative analysis of tumor growth assays in vivo, and transcriptomics analysis of human melanoma cell lines were also used to quantify changes in phenotype and generalize the findings. Conclusions In addition to stimulating invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells, the results suggested that CCN4/WISP1 repressed cell growth and simultaneously enhanced cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Audry Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Sarah L McLaughlin
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
- Animal Models and Imaging Facility, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - David J Klinke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
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15
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Couto GK, Segatto NV, Oliveira TL, Seixas FK, Schachtschneider KM, Collares T. The Melding of Drug Screening Platforms for Melanoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:512. [PMID: 31293965 PMCID: PMC6601395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is rising rapidly and continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the world. Melanoma deserves special attention since it represents one of the fastest growing types of cancer, with advanced metastatic forms presenting high mortality rates due to the development of drug resistance. The aim of this review is to evaluate how the screening of drugs and compounds for melanoma has been performed over the last seven decades. Thus, we performed literature searches to identify melanoma drug screening methods commonly used by research groups during this timeframe. In vitro and in vivo tests are essential for the development of new drugs; however, incorporation of in silico analyses increases the possibility of finding more suitable candidates for subsequent tests. In silico techniques, such as molecular docking, represent an important and necessary first step in the screening process. However, these techniques have not been widely used by research groups to date. Our research has shown that the vast majority of research groups still perform in vitro and in vivo tests, with emphasis on the use of in vitro enzymatic tests on melanoma cell lines such as SKMEL and in vivo tests using the B16 mouse model. We believe that the union of these three approaches (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) is essential for improving the discovery and development of new molecules with potential antimelanoma action. This workflow would provide greater confidence and safety for preclinical trials, which will translate to more successful clinical trials and improve the translatability of new melanoma treatments into clinical practice while minimizing the unnecessary use of laboratory animals under the principles of the 3R's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Klein Couto
- Research Group in Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Natália Vieira Segatto
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Tiago Collares
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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16
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Sadozai H, Gruber T, Hunger RE, Schenk M. Recent Successes and Future Directions in Immunotherapy of Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1617. [PMID: 29276510 PMCID: PMC5727014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global health burden associated with melanoma continues to increase while treatment options for metastatic melanoma are limited. Nevertheless, in the past decade, the field of cancer immunotherapy has witnessed remarkable advances for the treatment of a number of malignancies including metastatic melanoma. Although the earliest observations of an immunological antitumor response were made nearly a century ago, it was only in the past 30 years, that immunotherapy emerged as a viable therapeutic option, in particular for cutaneous melanoma. As such, melanoma remains the focus of various preclinical and clinical studies to understand the immunobiology of cancer and to test various tumor immunotherapies. Here, we review key recent developments in the field of immune-mediated therapy of melanoma. Our primary focus is on therapies that have received regulatory approval. Thus, a brief overview of the pathophysiology of melanoma is provided. The purported functions of various tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets are described, in particular the recently described roles of intratumoral dendritic cells. The section on immunotherapies focuses on strategies that have proved to be the most clinically successful such as immune checkpoint blockade. Prospects for novel therapeutics and the potential for combinatorial approaches are delineated. Finally, we briefly discuss nanotechnology-based platforms which can in theory, activate multiple arms of immune system to fight cancer. The promising advances in the field of immunotherapy signal the dawn of a new era in cancer treatment and warrant further investigation to understand the opportunities and barriers for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadozai
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mirjam Schenk
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Medrano RF, Hunger A, Mendonça SA, Barbuto JAM, Strauss BE. Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of type I interferons and their application in cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71249-71284. [PMID: 29050360 PMCID: PMC5642635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, the pleiotropic antitumor functions exerted by type I interferons (IFNs) have become universally acknowledged, especially their role in mediating interactions between the tumor and the immune system. Indeed, type I IFNs are now appreciated as a critical component of dendritic cell (DC) driven T cell responses to cancer. Here we focus on IFN-α and IFN-β, and their antitumor effects, impact on immune responses and their use as therapeutic agents. IFN-α/β share many properties, including activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and induction of a variety of cellular phenotypes. For example, type I IFNs drive not only the high maturation status of DCs, but also have a direct impact in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cell activation, induction of tumor cell death and inhibition of angiogenesis. A variety of stimuli, including some standard cancer treatments, promote the expression of endogenous IFN-α/β, which then participates as a fundamental component of immunogenic cell death. Systemic treatment with recombinant protein has been used for the treatment of melanoma. The induction of endogenous IFN-α/β has been tested, including stimulation through pattern recognition receptors. Gene therapies involving IFN-α/β have also been described. Thus, harnessing type I IFNs as an effective tool for cancer therapy continues to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan F.V. Medrano
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Hunger
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre M. Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, NUCEL-NETCEM, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Loss of MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 enables potent dendritic cell-driven anti-tumour T cell response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11746. [PMID: 28924177 PMCID: PMC5603533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining dendritic cells (DC) in a state of dysfunction represents a key mechanism by which tumour cells evade recognition and elimination by the immune system. Limited knowledge about the intracellular mediators of DC dysfunction restricts success of therapies aimed at reactivating a DC-driven anti-tumour immune response. Using a cell type-specific murine knock-out model, we have identified MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) as a major guardian of a suppressive DC phenotype in the melanoma tumour microenvironment. MK2 deletion in CD11c+ cells led to an expansion of stimulatory CD103+ DCs, mounting a potent CD8+ T cell response that resulted in elimination of highly aggressive B16-F10 tumours upon toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in the presence of tumour antigen. Moreover, tumour infiltration by suppressive myeloid cells was strongly diminished. These insights into the regulation of DC functionality reveal MK2 as a targetable pathway for DC-centred immunomodulatory cancer therapies.
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19
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Wang XH, Long ZW. Correlations of EGF G1380A, bFGF C754G and VEGF T460C polymorphisms with malignant melanoma susceptibility and prognosis: A case-control study. Gene 2017; 617:44-53. [PMID: 28219779 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This case-control study aims to investigate the correlations of EGF G1380A, bFGF C754G and VEGF T460C polymorphisms with the susceptibility and prognosis of malignant melanoma. A total of 153 patients with multiple primary melanomas were collected as the case group and another 170 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. ELISA and PCR-RFLP were performed to test the serum level of VEGF and to analyze the genotype as well as allele frequencies of VEGF T460C, EGF G1380A, and bFGF C754G, respectively. The patients were assigned into complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR) and non-remission groups after treatment. HE and CD34 staining were conducted in tissue samples of CR and PR patients. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were measured. AA genotype of EGF G1380A and GG genotype of bFGF C754G had higher frequency distribution in the case group than the control group. Patients with AA genotype of EGF G1380 and GG genotype of bFGF C754G had an elevated VEGF level in comparison to other genotypes. Patients with GA+GG genotypes of EGF G1380A and CG+CC genotypes of bFGF C754G had higher EFS and OS than those with AA genotype and those with GG genotype, respectively. According to the haplotype analysis, the case group had a notably higher frequency of TAG and CAG along with while lower frequency of TGG and CGC compared with the control group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the polymorphisms of EGF G1380A and bFGF C754G as well as the haploid TAG increased the susceptibility of malignant melanoma. The results indicated that EGF G1380A and bFGF C754G gene polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility and prognosis of malignant melanoma, and that the polymorphisms of EGF G1380A and bFGF C754G as well as the haploid TAG increased the susceptibility of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse 857000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Wen Long
- Department of Dermatology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse 857000, P.R. China; Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Sugery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
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20
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Early Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells Change their Characteristics Drastically in Association with Murine Melanoma Progression. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:146-53. [PMID: 26763434 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have a critical effect on the outcome of adaptive immune responses against growing tumors. Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) play diverse roles in the regulation of tumor regression or growth, but the characteristics that distinguish those effects are obscure. In this study, we investigated the frequency, phenotype, and function of TIDCs over time from early stages of melanoma growth in mice. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the tumors were infiltrated by a significant population of CD11c(+) major histocompatibility complex II(+) DCs, especially at an early stage of tumor growth. The allogeneic stimulatory capacity of TIDCs increased with tumor growth, whereas this capacity of DCs in lymph nodes decreased. TIDCs harvested at an early stage of melanoma (early TIDCs) accelerated tumor growth, but those harvested at a late stage (late TIDCs) delayed tumor progression when they were coinjected with melanoma cells. Furthermore, coinjection of early TIDCs failed to induce full immunocompetent maturation of CD8(+) T cells, with much lower expression of IFN-γ, granzyme B, and perforin within the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, TIDCs change their characteristics from an immunoinhibitory to an immunostimulatory phenotype over time in association with tumor progression.
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21
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Kuzu OF, Nguyen FD, Noory MA, Sharma A. Current State of Animal (Mouse) Modeling in Melanoma Research. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2015; 8:81-94. [PMID: 26483610 PMCID: PMC4597587 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s21214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the considerable progress in understanding the biology of human cancer and technological advancement in drug discovery, treatment failure remains an inevitable outcome for most cancer patients with advanced diseases, including melanoma. Despite FDA-approved BRAF-targeted therapies for advanced stage melanoma showed a great deal of promise, development of rapid resistance limits the success. Hence, the overall success rate of melanoma therapy still remains to be one of the worst compared to other malignancies. Advancement of next-generation sequencing technology allowed better identification of alterations that trigger melanoma development. As development of successful therapies strongly depends on clinically relevant preclinical models, together with the new findings, more advanced melanoma models have been generated. In this article, besides traditional mouse models of melanoma, we will discuss recent ones, such as patient-derived tumor xenografts, topically inducible BRAF mouse model and RCAS/TVA-based model, and their advantages as well as limitations. Although mouse models of melanoma are often criticized as poor predictors of whether an experimental drug would be an effective treatment, development of new and more relevant models could circumvent this problem in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Kuzu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Felix D Nguyen
- The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Noory
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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22
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Tran Janco JM, Lamichhane P, Karyampudi L, Knutson KL. Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells in cancer pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:2985-91. [PMID: 25795789 PMCID: PMC4369768 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment, which is known to affect disease progression in many human malignancies. Infiltration by mature, active DCs into the tumors confers an increase in immune activation and recruitment of disease-fighting immune effector cells and pathways. DCs are the preferential target of infiltrating T cells. However, tumor cells have means of suppressing DC function or of altering the tumor microenvironment in such a way that immune-suppressive DCs are recruited. Advances in understanding these changes have led to promising developments in cancer-therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-infiltrating DCs to subdue their immunosuppressive functions and enhance their immune-stimulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Purushottam Lamichhane
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906; and Cancer Vaccines and Immune Therapies Program, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Lavakumar Karyampudi
- Cancer Vaccines and Immune Therapies Program, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906; and Cancer Vaccines and Immune Therapies Program, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
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Bronchalo-Vicente L, Rodriguez-Del Rio E, Freire J, Calderon-Gonzalez R, Frande-Cabanes E, Gomez-Roman JJ, Fernández-Llaca H, Yañez-Diaz S, Alvarez-Dominguez C. A novel therapy for melanoma developed in mice: transformation of melanoma into dendritic cells with Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117923. [PMID: 25760947 PMCID: PMC4356589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacteria and human pathogen widely used in cancer immunotherapy because of its capacity to induce a specific cytotoxic T cell response in tumours. This bacterial pathogen strongly induces innate and specific immunity with the potential to overcome tumour induced tolerance and weak immunogenicity. Here, we propose a Listeria based vaccination for melanoma based in its tropism for these tumour cells and its ability to transform in vitro and in vivo melanoma cells into matured and activated dendritic cells with competent microbicidal and antigen processing abilities. This Listeria based vaccination using low doses of the pathogen caused melanoma regression by apoptosis as well as bacterial clearance. Vaccination efficacy is LLO dependent and implies the reduction of LLO-specific CD4+ T cell responses, strong stimulation of innate pro-inflammatory immune cells and a prevalence of LLO-specific CD8+ T cells involved in tumour regression and Listeria elimination. These results support the use of low doses of pathogenic Listeria as safe melanoma therapeutic vaccines that do not require antibiotics for bacterial removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Bronchalo-Vicente
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Estela Rodriguez-Del Rio
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Freire
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Elisabet Frande-Cabanes
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Jose Javier Gomez-Roman
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Hector Fernández-Llaca
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Yañez-Diaz
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Grupo de Genómica, Proteómica y Vacunas, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Tucci M, Stucci S, Passarelli A, Giudice G, Dammacco F, Silvestris F. The immune escape in melanoma: role of the impaired dendritic cell function. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1395-404. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.955851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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