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Chen L, Zuo M, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment: challenges and optimization prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308890. [PMID: 38169820 PMCID: PMC10758479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging cancer therapeutics that offer a multifaceted therapeutic platform for the benefits of replicating and lysing tumor cells, being engineered to express transgenes, modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), and having a tolerable safety profile that does not overlap with other cancer therapeutics. The mechanism of OVs combined with other antitumor agents is based on immune-mediated attack resistance and might benefit patients who fail to achieve durable responses after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. In this Review, we summarize data on the OV mechanism and limitations of monotherapy, which are currently in the process of combination partner development, especially with ICIs. We discuss some of the hurdles that have limited the preclinical and clinical development of OVs. We also describe the available data and provide guidance for optimizing OVs in clinical practice, as well as a summary of approved and promising novel OVs with clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengsi Zuo
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Tian Y, Xie D, Yang L. Engineering strategies to enhance oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:117. [PMID: 35387984 PMCID: PMC8987060 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. In addition to direct oncolysis, the essential and attractive aspect of oncolytic virotherapy is based on the intrinsic induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. To further augment this efficacious response, OVs have been genetically engineered to express immune regulators that enhance or restore antitumor immunity. Recently, combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), have led to promising progress in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs, describes the optimization strategies for using armed OVs to enhance the effects of antitumor immunity and highlights rational combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 519, Huixing Road, 643000, Zigong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Abstract
Tumors represent a hostile environment for the effector cells of cancer immunosurveillance. Immunosuppressive receptors and soluble or membrane-bound ligands are abundantly exposed and released by malignant entities and their stromal accomplices. As a consequence, executioners of antitumor immunity inefficiently navigate across cancer tissues and fail to eliminate malignant targets. By inducing immunogenic cancer cell death, oncolytic viruses profoundly reshape the tumor microenvironment. They trigger the local spread of danger signals and tumor-associated (as well as viral) antigens, thus attracting antigen-presenting cells, promoting the activation and expansion of lymphocytic populations, facilitating their infiltration in the tumor bed, and reinvigorating cytotoxic immune activity. The present review recapitulates key chemokines, growth factors and other cytokines that orchestrate this ballet of antitumoral leukocytes upon oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France.
| | - Samuel T Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Delaunay T, Achard C, Boisgerault N, Grard M, Petithomme T, Chatelain C, Dutoit S, Blanquart C, Royer PJ, Minvielle S, Quetel L, Meiller C, Jean D, Fradin D, Bennouna J, Magnan A, Cellerin L, Tangy F, Grégoire M, Fonteneau JF. Frequent Homozygous Deletions of Type I Interferon Genes in Pleural Mesothelioma Confer Sensitivity to Oncolytic Measles Virus. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:827-842. [PMID: 31945495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic immunotherapy is based on the use of nonpathogenic replicative oncolytic viruses that infect and kill tumor cells exclusively. Recently, we found that the spontaneous oncolytic activity of the Schwarz strain of measles virus (MV) against human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) depends on defects in the antiviral type I interferon (IFN-I) response in tumor cells. METHODS In this study, we studied three independent human MPM bio-collections to identify the defects in the IFN-I responses in tumor cells. RESULTS We show that the most frequent defect is the homozygous deletions (HDs) of all the 14 IFN-I genes (IFN-α and IFN-β) that we found in more than half of MV-sensitive MPM cell lines. These HDs occur together with the HDs of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A also located in the 9p21.3 chromosome region. Therefore, the IFN-I-/- MPM cell lines develop a partial and weak IFN-I response when they are exposed to the virus compared with that of normal cells and MV-resistant MPM cell lines. This response consists of the expression of a restricted number of IFN-stimulated genes that do not depend on the presence of IFN-I. In addition, the IFN-I-/- MPM cell lines infected by MV also develop a pro-inflammatory response associated with stress of the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the link between HDs of IFN-I encoding genes and the CDKN2A gene in MPM and sensitivity to MV oncolytic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Delaunay
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Achard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Boisgerault
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Grard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Tacien Petithomme
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Camille Chatelain
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Soizic Dutoit
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | | | - Stéphane Minvielle
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lisa Quetel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Paris, France
| | - Clément Meiller
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Paris, France
| | - Didier Jean
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Fradin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, oncologie thoracique et digestive, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- INSERM, UMRS1087, Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Service de Pneumologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Cellerin
- CHU de Nantes, Service de Pneumologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marc Grégoire
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France.
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A Functional Assay to Determine the Capacity of Oncolytic Viruses to Induce Immunogenic Tumor Cell Death. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31486035 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9794-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Oncolytic immunotherapy efficacy relies partially on the induction of immunogenic tumor cell death following infection with oncolytic viruses (OV) to induce an antitumor immune response. Here, we describe a method to determine if an OV is able to induce such an immunogenic tumor cell death. This method consists in testing whether tumor cells lysed by an OV are able to induce the maturation of human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (Mo-iDC).
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Tomasello E, Naciri K, Chelbi R, Bessou G, Fries A, Gressier E, Abbas A, Pollet E, Pierre P, Lawrence T, Vu Manh TP, Dalod M. Molecular dissection of plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation in vivo during a viral infection. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798836. [PMID: 30131424 PMCID: PMC6166132 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the major source of type I interferons (IFN-I) during viral infections, in response to triggering of endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 or 9 by viral single-stranded RNA or unmethylated CpG DNA, respectively. Synthetic ligands have been used to disentangle the underlying signaling pathways. The adaptor protein AP3 is necessary to transport molecular complexes of TLRs, synthetic CpG DNA, and MyD88 into endosomal compartments allowing interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) recruitment whose phosphorylation then initiates IFN-I production. High basal expression of IRF7 by pDC and its further enhancement by positive IFN-I feedback signaling appear to be necessary for robust cytokine production. In contrast, we show here that in vivo during mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection pDC produce high amounts of IFN-I downstream of the TLR9-to-MyD88-to-IRF7 signaling pathway without requiring IFN-I positive feedback, high IRF7 expression, or AP3-driven endosomal routing of TLRs. Hence, the current model of the molecular requirements for professional IFN-I production by pDC, established by using synthetic TLR ligands, does not strictly apply to a physiological viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tomasello
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Naciri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Rabie Chelbi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Bessou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Anissa Fries
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Gressier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Abdenour Abbas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Pollet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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7
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Twumasi-Boateng K, Pettigrew JL, Kwok YYE, Bell JC, Nelson BH. Oncolytic viruses as engineering platforms for combination immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:419-432. [PMID: 29695749 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To effectively build on the recent successes of immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive T cell therapy and cancer vaccines, it is critical to rationally design combination strategies that will increase and extend efficacy to a larger proportion of patients. For example, the combination of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) immune checkpoint inhibitors essentially doubles the response rate in certain patients with metastatic melanoma. However, given the heterogeneity of cancer, it seems likely that even more complex combinations of immunomodulatory agents may be required to obtain consistent, durable therapeutic responses against a broad spectrum of cancers. This carries serious implications in terms of toxicities for patients, feasibility for care providers and costs for health-care systems. A compelling solution is offered by oncolytic viruses (OVs), which can be engineered to selectively replicate within and destroy tumour tissue while simultaneously augmenting antitumour immunity. In this Opinion article, we argue that the future of immunotherapy will include OVs that function as multiplexed immune-modulating platforms expressing factors such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumour antigens, cytokines and T cell engagers. We illustrate this concept by following the trials and tribulations of tumour-reactive T cells from their initial priming through to the execution of cytotoxic effector function in the tumour bed. We highlight the myriad opportunities for OVs to help overcome critical barriers in the T cell journey, leading to new synergistic mechanisms in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Twumasi-Boateng
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica L Pettigrew
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Y Eunice Kwok
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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8
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Pol J, Buqué A, Aranda F, Bloy N, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Erbs P, Fucikova J, Galon J, Limacher JM, Preville X, Sautès-Fridman C, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Oncolytic viruses and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117740. [PMID: 27057469 PMCID: PMC4801444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy relies on the administration of non-pathogenic viral strains that selectively infect and kill malignant cells while favoring the elicitation of a therapeutically relevant tumor-targeting immune response. During the past few years, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of oncolytic viruses with improved specificity and potency. Such an intense wave of investigation has culminated this year in the regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a genetically engineered oncolytic viral strain for use in melanoma patients. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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9
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Kim Y, Clements DR, Sterea AM, Jang HW, Gujar SA, Lee PWK. Dendritic Cells in Oncolytic Virus-Based Anti-Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2015; 7:6506-25. [PMID: 26690204 PMCID: PMC4690876 DOI: 10.3390/v7122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. These tumor-associated DCs thus fail to initiate tumor-specific immunity, and indirectly support tumor progression. Hence, there is increasing interest in identifying interventions that can overturn DC impairment within the TME. Many reports thus far have studied oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that preferentially target and kill cancer cells, for their capacity to enhance DC-mediated anti-tumor effects. Herein, we describe the general characteristics of DCs, focusing on their role in innate and adaptive immunity in the context of the TME. We also examine how DC-OV interaction affects DC recruitment, OV delivery, and anti-tumor immunity activation. Understanding these roles of DCs in the TME and OV infection is critical in devising strategies to further harness the anti-tumor effects of both DCs and OVs, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of OV-based oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youra Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Derek R Clements
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Andra M Sterea
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Hyun Woo Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Strategy and Organizational Performance, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
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10
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Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Li J, Kalinski P, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. CXCL11-Armed oncolytic poxvirus elicits potent antitumor immunity and shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1091554. [PMID: 27141352 PMCID: PMC4839379 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have armed a tumor-selective oncolytic vaccinia virus (vvDD) with the chemokine (CK) CXCL11, in order to enhance its ability to attract CXCR3+ antitumor CTLs and possibly NK cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and improve its therapeutic efficacy. As expected, vvDD-CXCL11 attracted high numbers of tumor-specific T cells to the TME in a murine AB12 mesothelioma model. Intratumoral virus-directed CXCL11 expression enhanced local numbers of CD8+ CTLs and levels of granzyme B, while reducing expression of several suppressive molecules, TGF-β, COX2, and CCL22 in the TME. Unexpectedly, we observed that vvDD-CXCL11, but not parental vvDD, induced a systemic increase in tumor-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells in the spleen and other lymph organs, indicating the induction of systemic antitumor immunity. This effect was associated with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and a survival benefit in tumor-bearing mice treated with vvDD-CXCL11, mediated by CD8+ T cells and IFNγ, but not CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that intratumoral expression of CXCL11, in addition to promoting local trafficking of T cells and to a lesser extent NK cells, has a novel function as a factor eliciting systemic immunity to cancer-associated antigens. Our data provide a rationale for expressing CXCL11 to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses (OVs) and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Li
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Z Sheng Guo
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Boisgerault N, Achard C, Delaunay T, Cellerin L, Tangy F, Grégoire M, Fonteneau JF. Oncolytic virotherapy for human malignant mesothelioma: recent advances. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:133-40. [PMID: 27512676 PMCID: PMC4918388 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer virotherapy is an attractive alternative to conventional treatments because it offers a wide range of antitumor effects due to 1) the diversity of the oncolytic viruses that are now available and 2) their multifaceted activities against both tumor cells and tumor vessels, in addition to their ability to induce antitumor immune responses. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical data regarding the targeting of malignant mesothelioma (MM) by oncolytic viruses. We also discuss the potential of other oncolytic viruses that have already shown antitumor effects against several malignancies in advanced clinical trials but are yet to be tested against MM cells. Finally, we review how the activation of the immune system and combinations with other types of anticancer treatments could support the development of oncolytic virotherapy for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boisgerault
- INSERM, UMR892, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France
| | - Carole Achard
- INSERM, UMR892, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France
| | - Tiphaine Delaunay
- INSERM, UMR892, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France
| | - Laurent Cellerin
- Nantes CHU Hospital, Department of Thoracic and Digestive Oncology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France
| | - Marc Grégoire
- INSERM, UMR892, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- INSERM, UMR892, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; CNRS, UMR6299, Health Research Institute of the University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France; University of Nantes, Paris, CNRS UMR-3569, France
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12
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Viral oncolysis - can insights from measles be transferred to canine distemper virus? Viruses 2014; 6:2340-75. [PMID: 24921409 PMCID: PMC4074931 DOI: 10.3390/v6062340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic diseases represent one of the most common causes of death among humans and animals. Currently available and applied therapeutic options often remain insufficient and unsatisfactory, therefore new and innovative strategies and approaches are highly needed. Periodically, oncolytic viruses have been in the center of interest since the first anecdotal description of their potential usefulness as an anti-tumor treatment concept. Though first reports referred to an incidental measles virus infection causing tumor regression in a patient suffering from lymphoma several decades ago, no final treatment concept has been developed since then. However, numerous viruses, such as herpes-, adeno- and paramyxoviruses, have been investigated, characterized, and modified with the aim to generate a new anti-cancer treatment option. Among the different viruses, measles virus still represents a highly interesting candidate for such an approach. Numerous different tumors of humans including malignant lymphoma, lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, and ovarian cancer, have been studied in vitro and in vivo as potential targets. Moreover, several concepts using different virus preparations are now in clinical trials in humans and may proceed to a new treatment option. Surprisingly, only few studies have investigated viral oncolysis in veterinary medicine. The close relationship between measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), both are morbilliviruses, and the fact that numerous tumors in dogs exhibit similarities to their human counterpart, indicates that both the virus and species dog represent a highly interesting translational model for future research in viral oncolysis. Several recent studies support such an assumption. It is therefore the aim of the present communication to outline the mechanisms of morbillivirus-mediated oncolysis and to stimulate further research in this potentially expanding field of viral oncolysis in a highly suitable translational animal model for the benefit of humans and dogs.
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Gujar SA, Lee PWK. Oncolytic virus-mediated reversal of impaired tumor antigen presentation. Front Oncol 2014; 4:77. [PMID: 24782988 PMCID: PMC3989761 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor immunity can eliminate existing cancer cells and also maintain a constant surveillance against possible relapse. Such an antigen-specific adaptive response begins when tumor-specific T cells become activated. T-cell activation requires two signals on antigen presenting cells (APCs): antigen presentation through major histocombatibility complex (MHC) molecules and co-stimulation. In the absence of one or both these signals, T cells remain inactivated or can even become tolerized. Cancer cells and their associated microenvironment strategically hinder the processing and presentation of tumor antigens and consequently prevent the development of anti-tumor immunity. Many studies, however, demonstrate that interventions that over-turn tumor-associated immune evasion mechanisms can establish anti-tumor immune responses of therapeutic potential. One such intervention is oncolytic virus (OV)-based anti-cancer therapy. Here, we discuss how OV-induced immunological events override tumor-associated antigen presentation impairment and promote appropriate T cell–APC interaction. Detailed understanding of this phenomenon is pivotal for devising the strategies that will enhance the efficacy of OV-based anti-cancer therapy by complementing its inherent oncolytic activities with desired anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi A Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Strategy and Organizational Performance, IWK Health Centre , Halifax, NS , Canada
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada
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Zhang X, Casartelli N, Lemoine S, Mozeleski B, Azria E, Le Ray C, Schwartz O, Launay O, Leclerc C, Lo-Man R. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells engagement by influenza vaccine as a surrogate strategy for driving T-helper type 1 responses in human neonatal settings. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:424-34. [PMID: 24558121 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elicitation of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cellular immunity to eradicate intracellular pathogens is a challenging task because of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) deficit observed in early infancy. METHODS Screening cord blood responses to various pediatric vaccines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists for innate responses and CD4(+) T-cell differentiation. RESULTS We identified that nonadjuvanted inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) was able to cosignal T cells for the production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) in a neonatal setting. This process includes the mobilization of neonatal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that efficiently engage Th1 cells in an IL-12-independent but type I IFN-dependent manner. In addition, cord blood pDCs efficiently cross-presented antigen to CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, activation by TIV mainly requires TLR7; however, R848/TLR7- and CpGB/TLR9-activated pDCs, which poorly produced IFN-α, induce neonatal Th2 responses. CONCLUSIONS TLR pathway engagement in pDCs is necessary but not sufficient for a successful neonatal Th1 outcome. We provide evidence of a mature and functional neonatal immune system at the level of APCs and T cells and propose to implement the IFN-α/IFN-γ axis in pediatric vaccination as a surrogate for the defective IL-12/IFN-γ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie INSERM U1041 Unit of Innate Defense and Immune Modulation, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Elie Azria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hopital Bichat Claude Bernard Paris 7 Diderot University
| | - Camille Le Ray
- APHP, Maternité Port Royal Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Odile Launay
- APHP, Hopital Cochin INSERM CIC1417 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Vacchelli E, Vitale I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Cremer I, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based interventions for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25771. [PMID: 24286020 PMCID: PMC3841205 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) occupy a privileged position at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrating a large panel of responses to both physiological and pathological cues. In particular, whereas the presentation of antigens by immature DCs generally results in the development of immunological tolerance, mature DCs are capable of priming robust, and hence therapeutically relevant, adaptive immune responses. In line with this notion, functional defects in the DC compartment have been shown to etiologically contribute to pathological conditions including (but perhaps not limited to) infectious diseases, allergic and autoimmune disorders, graft rejection and cancer. Thus, the possibility of harnessing the elevated immunological potential of DCs for anticancer therapy has attracted considerable interest from both researchers and clinicians over the last decade. Alongside, several methods have been developed not only to isolate DCs from cancer patients, expand them, load them with tumor-associated antigens and hence generate highly immunogenic clinical grade infusion products, but also to directly target DCs in vivo. This intense experimental effort has culminated in 2010 with the approval by the US FDA of a DC-based preparation (sipuleucel-T, Provenge®) for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer. As an update to the latest Trial Watch dealing with this exciting field of research (October 2012), here we summarize recent advances in DC-based anticancer regimens, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials that have been launched in the same period to assess the antineoplastic potential of this variant of cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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