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Liu L, Liu J, Xu N. Ligand recognition and signal transduction by lectin receptor-like kinases in plant immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1201805. [PMID: 37396638 PMCID: PMC10311507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1201805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) locate on the cell membrane and play diverse roles in perceiving environmental factors in higher plants. Studies have demonstrated that LecRKs are involved in plant development and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the identified ligands of LecRKs in Arabidopsis, including extracellular purine (eATP), extracellular pyridine (eNAD+), extracellular NAD+ phosphate (eNADP+) and extracellular fatty acids (such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid). We also discussed the posttranslational modification of these receptors in plant innate immunity and the perspectives of future research on plant LecRKs.
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Zhao L, Wang HJ, Martins PD, van Dongen JT, Bolger AM, Schmidt RR, Jing HC, Mueller-Roeber B, Schippers JHM. The Arabidopsis thaliana onset of leaf death 12 mutation in the lectin receptor kinase P2K2 results in an autoimmune phenotype. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 37264342 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant immunity relies on the perception of immunogenic signals by cell-surface and intracellular receptors and subsequent activation of defense responses like programmed cell death. Under certain circumstances, the fine-tuned innate immune system of plants results in the activation of autoimmune responses that cause constitutive defense responses and spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogens. RESULTS Here, we characterized the onset of leaf death 12 (old12) mutant that was identified in the Arabidopsis accession Landsberg erecta. The old12 mutant is characterized by a growth defect, spontaneous cell death, plant-defense gene activation, and early senescence. In addition, the old12 phenotype is temperature reversible, thereby exhibiting all characteristics of an autoimmune mutant. Mapping the mutated locus revealed that the old12 phenotype is caused by a mutation in the Lectin Receptor Kinase P2-TYPE PURINERGIC RECEPTOR 2 (P2K2) gene. Interestingly, the P2K2 allele from Landsberg erecta is conserved among Brassicaceae. P2K2 has been implicated in pathogen tolerance and sensing extracellular ATP. The constitutive activation of defense responses in old12 results in improved resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that old12 is an auto-immune mutant and that allelic variation of P2K2 contributes to diversity in Arabidopsis immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Beijng Academy, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Hao-Jie Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Dalcin Martins
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony M Bolger
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- IBG-4: Bioinformatik,Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Romy R Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Plant Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Ruski 139 Blvd, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
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Sun E, Yu H, Chen Z, Cai M, Mao X, Li Y, Zuo C. The enhanced Valsa canker resistance conferred by MdLecRK-S.4.3 in Pyrus betulifolia can be largely suppressed by PbePUB36. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad126. [PMID: 37013998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
L-type lectin receptor-like kinases (L-LecRKs) act as a sensor of extracellular signals and an initiator for plant immune responses. However, the function of LecRK-S.4 on plant immunity has not been extensively investigated. At present, in the apple (Malus domestica) genome, we identified that MdLecRK-S.4.3, a homologous gene of LecRK-S.4, was differentially expressed during the occursion of Valsa canker. Over-expression of MdLecRK-S.4.3 facilitated the induction of immune response and enhanced the Valsa canker resistance of apple and pear fruit, and 'Duli-G03' (Pyrus betulifolia) suspension cells. On the contrary, the expression of PbePUB36, RLCK XI subfamily member, was significantly repressed in the MdLecRK-S.4.3 overexpressed cell lines. Over-expression of PbePUB36 interfered with the Valsa canker resistance and immune response caused by up-regulation of MdLecRK-S.4.3. Furthermore, MdLecRK-S.4.3 interacted with BAK1 or PbePUB36 in vivo. In conclusion, MdLecRK-S.4.3 activated various immune responses and positively regulate Valsa canker resistance, which could be largely compromised by PbePUB36. MdLecRK-S.4.3 interacted with PbePUB36 and/or MdBAK1 to mediate the immune responses. This finding provides a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of resistance to Valsa canker and resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sun
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minrui Cai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xia Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Cunwu Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
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4
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Sun Q, Xu Z, Huang W, Li D, Zeng Q, Chen L, Li B, Zhang E. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals salicylic acid and flavonoid pathways' key roles in cabbage's defense responses to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1005764. [PMID: 36388482 PMCID: PMC9659849 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a vascular bacteria pathogen causing black rot in cabbage. Here, the resistance mechanisms of cabbage against Xcc infection were explored by integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis. Pathogen perception, hormone metabolisms, sugar metabolisms, and phenylpropanoid metabolisms in cabbage were systemically re-programmed at both transcriptional and metabolic levels after Xcc infection. Notably, the salicylic acid (SA) metabolism pathway was highly enriched in resistant lines following Xcc infection, indicating that the SA metabolism pathway may positively regulate the resistance of Xcc. Moreover, we also validated our hypothesis by showing that the flavonoid pathway metabolites chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid could effectively inhibit the growth of Xcc. These findings provide valuable insights and resource datasets for further exploring Xcc-cabbage interactions and help uncover molecular breeding targets for black rot-resistant varieties in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Baohua Li
- *Correspondence: Baohua Li, ; Enhui Zhang,
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5
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Zuo R, Xie M, Gao F, Liu J, Tang M, Cheng X, Liu Y, Bai Z, Liu S. Genome-wide identification and functional exploration of the legume lectin genes in Brassica napus and their roles in Sclerotinia disease resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:963263. [PMID: 35968144 PMCID: PMC9374194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.963263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest classes of lectins, legume lectins have a variety of desirable features such as antibacterial and insecticidal activities as well as anti-abiotic stress ability. The Sclerotinia disease (SD) caused by the soil-borne fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating disease affecting most oil crops such as Brassica napus. Here, we identified 130 legume lectin (LegLu) genes in B. napus, which could be phylogenetically classified into seven clusters. The BnLegLu gene family has been significantly expanded since the whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis suggested that the BnLegLu genes were well conserved in each cluster. Moreover, relative to those genes only containing the legume lectin domain in cluster VI-VII, the genes in cluster I-V harbored a transmembrane domain and a kinase domain linked to the legume lectin domain in the C terminus. The expression of most BnLegLu genes was relatively low in various tissues. Thirty-five BnLegLu genes were responsive to abiotic stress, and 40 BnLegLu genes were strongly induced by S. sclerotiorum, with a most significant up-regulation of 715-fold, indicating their functional roles in SD resistance. Four BnLegLu genes were located in the candidate regions of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) results which resulted from a worldwide rapeseed population consisting of 324 accessions associated with SD. Among them, the positive role of BnLegLus-16 in SD resistance was validated by transient expression in tobacco leaves. This study provides important information on BnLegLu genes, particularly about their roles in SD resistance, which may help targeted functional research and genetic improvement in the breeding of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Meili Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zetao Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Wu Y, Shi H, Yu H, Ma Y, Hu H, Han Z, Zhang Y, Zhen Z, Yi L, Hou J. Combined GWAS and Transcriptome Analyses Provide New Insights Into the Response Mechanisms of Sunflower Against Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847435. [PMID: 35592557 PMCID: PMC9111542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and drought stress can severely limit its production and quality. To understand the underlying mechanism of drought tolerance, and identify candidate genes for drought tolerance breeding, we conducted a combined genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and RNA-seq analysis. A total of 226 sunflower inbred lines were collected from different regions of China and other countries. Eight phenotypic traits were evaluated under control and drought stress conditions. Genotyping was performed using a Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing (SLAF-seq) approach. A total of 934.08 M paired-end reads were generated, with an average Q30 of 91.97%. Based on the 243,291 polymorphic SLAF tags, a total of 94,162 high-quality SNPs were identified. Subsequent analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and population structure in the 226 accessions was carried out based on the 94,162 high-quality SNPs. The average LD decay across the genome was 20 kb. Admixture analysis indicated that the entire population most likely originated from 11 ancestors. GWAS was performed using three methods (MLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK) simultaneously. A total of 80 SNPs showed significant associations with the 8 traits (p < 1.062 × 10-6). Next, a total of 118 candidate genes were found. To obtain more reliable candidate genes, RNA-seq analysis was subsequently performed. An inbred line with the highest drought tolerance was selected according to phenotypic traits. RNA was extracted from leaves at 0, 7, and 14 days of drought treatment. A total of 18,922 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the branched-chain amino acid catabolic process, while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the photosynthesis-related process. Six DEGs were randomly selected from all DEGs for validation; these genes showed similar patterns in RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8167. Through the integration of the genome-wide association study and the RNA-sequencing, 14 candidate genes were identified. Four of them (LOC110885273, LOC110872899, LOC110891369, LOC110920644) were abscisic acid related protein kinases and transcription factors. These genes may play an important role in sunflower drought response and will be used for further study. Our findings provide new insights into the response mechanisms of sunflowers against drought stress and contribute to further genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huimin Shi
- College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Han
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yonghu Zhang
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zilong Zhen
- College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liuxi Yi
- College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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7
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Bassetti N, Caarls L, Bukovinszkine'Kiss G, El-Soda M, van Veen J, Bouwmeester K, Zwaan BJ, Schranz ME, Bonnema G, Fatouros NE. Genetic analysis reveals three novel QTLs underpinning a butterfly egg-induced hypersensitive response-like cell death in Brassica rapa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:140. [PMID: 35331150 PMCID: PMC8944062 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) can be severe pests of Brassica crops such as Chinese cabbage, Pak choi (Brassica rapa) or cabbages (B. oleracea). Eggs of Pieris spp. can induce a hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) cell death which reduces egg survival in the wild black mustard (B. nigra). Unravelling the genetic basis of this egg-killing trait in Brassica crops could improve crop resistance to herbivory, reducing major crop losses and pesticides use. Here we investigated the genetic architecture of a HR-like cell death induced by P. brassicae eggs in B. rapa. RESULTS A germplasm screening of 56 B. rapa accessions, representing the genetic and geographical diversity of a B. rapa core collection, showed phenotypic variation for cell death. An image-based phenotyping protocol was developed to accurately measure size of HR-like cell death and was then used to identify two accessions that consistently showed weak (R-o-18) or strong cell death response (L58). Screening of 160 RILs derived from these two accessions resulted in three novel QTLs for Pieris brassicae-induced cell death on chromosomes A02 (Pbc1), A03 (Pbc2), and A06 (Pbc3). The three QTLs Pbc1-3 contain cell surface receptors, intracellular receptors and other genes involved in plant immunity processes, such as ROS accumulation and cell death formation. Synteny analysis with A. thaliana suggested that Pbc1 and Pbc2 are novel QTLs associated with this trait, while Pbc3 also contains an ortholog of LecRK-I.1, a gene of A. thaliana previously associated with cell death induced by a P. brassicae egg extract. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first genomic regions associated with the Pieris egg-induced HR-like cell death in a Brassica crop species. It is a step closer towards unravelling the genetic basis of an egg-killing crop resistance trait, paving the way for breeders to further fine-map and validate candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bassetti
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Caarls
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriella Bukovinszkine'Kiss
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed El-Soda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jeroen van Veen
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas J Zwaan
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina E Fatouros
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, Chen B, Sun Z, Liu Z, Cui Y, Ke H, Wang Z, Wu L, Zhang G, Wang G, Li Z, Yang J, Wu J, Shi R, Liu S, Wang X, Ma Z. A large-scale genomic association analysis identifies a fragment in Dt11 chromosome conferring cotton Verticillium wilt resistance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2126-2138. [PMID: 34160879 PMCID: PMC8486238 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt (VW) is a destructive disease that results in great losses in cotton yield and quality. Identifying genetic variation that enhances crop disease resistance is a primary objective in plant breeding. Here we reported a GWAS of cotton VW resistance in a natural-variation population, challenged by different pathogenicity stains and different environments, and found 382 SNPs significantly associated with VW resistance. The associated signal repeatedly peaked in chromosome Dt11 (68 798 494-69 212 808) containing 13 core elite alleles undescribed previously. The core SNPs can make the disease reaction type from susceptible to tolerant or resistant in accessions with alternate genotype compared to reference genotype. Of the genes associated with the Dt11 signal, 25 genes differentially expressed upon Verticillium dahliae stress, with 21 genes verified in VW resistance via gene knockdown and/or overexpression experiments. We firstly discovered that a gene cluster of L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase (GhLecRKs-V.9) played an important role in VW resistance. These results proved that the associated Dt11 region was a major genetic locus responsible for VW resistance. The frequency of the core elite alleles (FEA) in modern varieties was significantly higher than the early/middle varieties (12.55% vs 4.29%), indicating that the FEA increased during artificial selection breeding. The current developmental resistant cultivars, JND23 and JND24, had fixed these core elite alleles during breeding without yield penalty. These findings unprecedentedly provided genomic variations and promising alleles for promoting cotton VW resistance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Yanru Cui
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Huifeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Guoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Jinhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Rongkang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
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Hao N, Zou X, Lin X, Cai R, Xiao W, Tong T, Yin H, Sun A, Guo X. LecRK-Ⅷ.2 mediates the cross-talk between sugar and brassinosteroid during hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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10
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Huang PY, Zhang J, Jiang B, Chan C, Yu JH, Lu YP, Chung K, Zimmerli L. NINJA-associated ERF19 negatively regulates Arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1033-1047. [PMID: 30462256 PMCID: PMC6363091 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) derived from invading pathogens by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiates a subset of defense responses known as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate the onset of PTI through complex signaling networks. Here, we characterized the function of ERF19, a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene response factor (ERF) family. ERF19 was found to act as a negative regulator of PTI against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae. Notably, overexpression of ERF19 increased plant susceptibility to these pathogens and repressed MAMP-induced PTI outputs. In contrast, expression of the chimeric dominant repressor ERF19-SRDX boosted PTI activation, conferred increased resistance to the fungus B. cinerea, and enhanced elf18-triggered immunity against bacteria. Consistent with a negative role for ERF19 in PTI, MAMP-mediated growth inhibition was weakened or augmented in lines overexpressing ERF19 or expressing ERF19-SRDX, respectively. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we show that the transcriptional co-repressor Novel INteractor of JAZ (NINJA) associates with and represses the function of ERF19. Our work reveals ERF19 as a novel player in the mitigation of PTI, and highlights a potential role for NINJA in fine-tuning ERF19-mediated regulation of Arabidopsis innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yao Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Beier Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-He Yu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Lu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - KwiMi Chung
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laurent Zimmerli
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Zhang K, Su H, Zhou J, Liang W, Liu D, Li J. Overexpressing the Myrosinase Gene TGG1 Enhances Stomatal Defense Against Pseudomonas syringae and Delays Flowering in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1230. [PMID: 31636648 PMCID: PMC6787276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinase enzymes and their substrate glucosinolates provide a specific defensive mechanism against biotic invaders in the Brassicaceae family. In these plants, myrosinase hydrolyzes glucosinolates into diverse products, which can have direct antibiotic activity or function as signaling molecules that initiate a variety of defense reactions. A myrosinase, β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase 1 (TGG1) was previously found to be strikingly abundant in guard cells, and it is required for the abscisic acid (ABA) response of stomata. However, it remains unknown which particular physiological processes actually involve stomatal activity as modulated by TGG1. In this experimental study, a homologous TGG1 gene from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), BoTGG1, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants showed enhanced resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 via improved stomatal defense. Upon Pst DC3000 infection, overexpressing BoTGG1 accelerated stomatal closure and inhibited the reopening of stomata. Compared with the wild type, 35S::BoTGG1 was more sensitive to ABA- and salicylic acid (SA)-induced stomatal closure but was less sensitive to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-inhibited stomatal closure, thus indicating these hormone signaling pathways were possibly involved in stomatal defense regulated by TGG1. Furthermore, overexpression of BoTGG1 delayed flowering by promoting the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which encodes a MADS-box transcription factor known as floral repressor. Taken together, our study's results suggest glucosinolate metabolism mediated by TGG1 plays a role in plant stomatal defense against P. syringae and also modulates flowering time by affecting the FLC pathway.
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12
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Teixeira MA, Rajewski A, He J, Castaneda OG, Litt A, Kaloshian I. Classification and phylogenetic analyses of the Arabidopsis and tomato G-type lectin receptor kinases. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:239. [PMID: 29625550 PMCID: PMC5889549 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogen perception by plants is mediated by plasma membrane-localized immune receptors that have varied extracellular domains. Lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs) are among these receptors and are subdivided into 3 classes, C-type LecRKs (C-LecRKs), L-type LecRKs (L-LecRKs) and G-type LecRKs (G-LecRKs). While C-LecRKs are represented by one or two members in all plant species investigated and have unknown functions, L-LecRKs have been characterized in a few plant species and have been shown to play roles in plant defense against pathogens. Whereas Arabidopsis G-LecRKs have been characterized, this family of LecRKs has not been studied in tomato. Results This investigation updates the current characterization of Arabidopsis G-LecRKs and characterizes the tomato G-LecRKs, using LecRKs from the monocot rice and the basal eudicot columbine to establish a basis for comparisons between the two core eudicots. Additionally, revisiting parameters established for Arabidopsis nomenclature for LecRKs is suggested for both Arabidopsis and tomato. Moreover, using phylogenetic analysis, we show the relationship among and between members of G-LecRKs from all three eudicot plant species. Furthermore, investigating presence of motifs in G-LecRKs we identified conserved motifs among members of G-LecRKs in tomato and Arabidopsis, with five present in at least 30 of the 38 Arabidopsis members and in at least 45 of the 73 tomato members. Conclusions This work characterized tomato G-LecRKs and added members to the currently characterized Arabidopsis G-LecRKs. Additionally, protein sequence analysis showed an expansion of this family in tomato as compared to Arabidopsis, and the existence of conserved common motifs in the two plant species as well as conserved species-specific motifs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4606-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella A Teixeira
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alex Rajewski
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiangman He
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Amy Litt
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.,Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Isgouhi Kaloshian
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA. .,Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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14
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Passricha N, Saifi S, Ansari MW, Tuteja N. Prediction and validation of cis-regulatory elements in 5' upstream regulatory regions of lectin receptor-like kinase gene family in rice. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:669-684. [PMID: 27193099 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and developmental processes in response to stress. In transcriptional gene regulation for normal cellular functions, cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) direct the temporal and spatial gene expression with respect to environmental stimuli. A complete insightful of the transcriptional gene regulation system relies on effective functional analysis of CREs. Here, we analyzed the potential putative CREs present in the promoters of rice LecRLKs genes by using PlantCARE database. The CREs in LecRLKs promoters are associated with plant growth/development, light response, plant hormonal regulation processes, various stress responses, hormonal response like ABA, root-specific expression responsive, drought responsive, and cell and organ specific regulatory elements. The effect of methylation on these cis-regulatory elements was also analyzed. Real-time analysis of rice seedling under various stress conditions showed the expression levels of selected LecRLK genes superimposing the number of different CREs present in 5' upstream region. The overall results showed that the possible CREs function in the selective expression/regulation of LecRLKs gene family and during rice plant development under stress.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Computer Simulation
- CpG Islands/genetics
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Genes, Plant
- Light
- Models, Biological
- Multigene Family
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oryza/drug effects
- Oryza/enzymology
- Oryza/genetics
- Oryza/radiation effects
- Plant Development/drug effects
- Plant Development/genetics
- Plant Development/radiation effects
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Mitogen/genetics
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Passricha
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shabnam Saifi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohammad W Ansari
- Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, India.
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15
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Arnaud D, Hwang I. A sophisticated network of signaling pathways regulates stomatal defenses to bacterial pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:566-81. [PMID: 25661059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are specialized cells forming stomatal pores at the leaf surface for gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. Stomata have been shown to play an important role in plant defense as a part of the innate immune response. Plants actively close their stomata upon contact with microbes, thereby preventing pathogen entry into the leaves and the subsequent colonization of host tissues. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways implicated in stomatal defenses, with particular emphasis on plant-bacteria interactions. Stomatal defense responses begin from the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate a signaling cascade involving the production of secondary messengers such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and calcium for the regulation of plasma membrane ion channels. The analyses on downstream molecular mechanisms implicated in PAMP-triggered stomatal closure have revealed extensive interplays among the components regulating hormonal signaling pathways. We also discuss the strategies deployed by pathogenic bacteria to counteract stomatal immunity through the example of the phytotoxin coronatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Arnaud
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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16
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Trdá L, Boutrot F, Claverie J, Brulé D, Dorey S, Poinssot B. Perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:219. [PMID: 25904927 PMCID: PMC4389352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial function of PRRs during plant-microbe interactions, with a special emphasis on the receptors of the bacterial flagellin and peptidoglycan. In addition, we discuss the multiple strategies used by bacteria to evade PRR-mediated recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Trdá
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Freddy Boutrot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research ParkNorwich, UK
| | - Justine Claverie
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Daphnée Brulé
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Stephan Dorey
- Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Benoit Poinssot, Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie INRA – uB – Agrosup, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
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17
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Cao Y, Tanaka K, Nguyen CT, Stacey G. Extracellular ATP is a central signaling molecule in plant stress responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 20:82-7. [PMID: 24865948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Because of their sessile nature, plants have developed a number of sophisticated signaling systems to adapt to environmental changes. Previous research has shown that extracellular ATP is an important signaling molecule used by plants and functions in a variety of processes, including growth, development, and stress responses. Recently, DORN1 was identified as the first plant purinoceptor, essential for the plant response to ATP. The identification of the receptor is a milestone for our overall understanding of various physiological events regulated by extracellular ATP. In this review, we will discuss the possible roles of DORN1 providing future direction for research into the role of extracellular ATP in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrong Cao
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cuong T Nguyen
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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18
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Wu T, Wang R, Xu X, He X, Sun B, Zhong Y, Liang Z, Luo S, Lin Y. Cucumis sativus L-type lectin receptor kinase (CsLecRK) gene family response to Phytophthora melonis, Phytophthora capsici and water immersion in disease resistant and susceptible cucumber cultivars. Gene 2014; 549:214-22. [PMID: 25065921 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
L-type lectin receptor kinase (LecRK) proteins are an important family involved in diverse biological processes such as pollen development, senescence, wounding, salinity and especially in innate immunity in model plants such as Arabidopsis and tobacco. Till date, LecRK proteins or genes of cucumber have not been reported. In this study, a total of 25 LecRK genes were identified in the cucumber genome, unequally distributed across its seven chromosomes. According to similarity comparison of their encoded proteins, the Cucumis sativus LecRK (CsLecRK) genes were classified into six major clades (from Clade I to CladeVI). Expression of CsLecRK genes were tested using QRT-PCR method and the results showed that 25 CsLecRK genes exhibited different responses to abiotic (water immersion) and biotic (Phytophthora melonis and Phytophthora capsici inoculation) stresses, as well as that between disease resistant cultivar (JSH) and disease susceptible cultivar (B80). Among the 25 CsLecRK genes, we found CsLecRK6.1 was especially induced by P. melonis and P. capsici in JSH plants. All these results suggested that CsLecRK genes may play important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingquan Wu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baojuan Sun
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yujuan Zhong
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhaojuan Liang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaobo Luo
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yu'e Lin
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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19
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Huang PY, Yeh YH, Liu AC, Cheng CP, Zimmerli L. The Arabidopsis LecRK-VI.2 associates with the pattern-recognition receptor FLS2 and primes Nicotiana benthamiana pattern-triggered immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:243-55. [PMID: 24844677 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is broad spectrum and manipulation of PTI is believed to represent an attractive way to engineer plants with broad-spectrum disease resistance. PTI is activated upon perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). We have recently demonstrated that the L-type lectin receptor kinase-VI.2 (LecRK-VI.2) positively regulates Arabidopsis thaliana PTI. Here we show through in vitro pull-down, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation analyses that LecRK-VI.2 associates with the PRR FLS2. We also demonstrated that LecRK-VI.2 from the cruciferous plant Arabidopsis remains functional after interfamily transfer to the Solanaceous plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Wild tobacco plants ectopically expressing LecRK-VI.2 were indeed more resistant to virulent hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic bacteria, but not to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea suggesting that, as with Arabidopsis, the LecRK-VI.2 protective effect in N. benthamiana is bacteria specific. Ectopic expression of LecRK-VI.2 in N. benthamiana primed PTI-mediated reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, callose deposition and gene expression upon treatment with the MAMP flagellin. Our findings identified LecRK-VI.2 as a member of the FLS2 receptor complex and suggest that heterologous expression of components of PRR complexes can be used as tools to engineer plant disease resistance to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yao Huang
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Paparella C, Savatin DV, Marti L, De Lorenzo G, Ferrari S. The Arabidopsis LYSIN MOTIF-CONTAINING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE3 regulates the cross talk between immunity and abscisic acid responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:262-76. [PMID: 24639336 PMCID: PMC4012585 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane receptor-like kinases characterized by the presence of one or more lysin motif (LysM) domains in the extracytoplasmic portion (LysM-containing receptor-like kinases [LYKs]) mediate recognition of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms in plants. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes five putative LYKs; among them, AtLYK1/CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 is required for response to chitin and peptidoglycan, and AtLYK4 contributes to chitin perception. More recently, AtLYK3 has been shown to be required for full repression, mediated by Nod factors, of Arabidopsis innate immune responses. In this work, we show that AtLYK3 also negatively regulates basal expression of defense genes and resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pectobacterium carotovorum infection. Enhanced resistance of atlyk3 mutants requires PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT3, which is crucial for camalexin biosynthesis. The expression of AtLYK3 is strongly repressed by elicitors and fungal infection and is induced by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), which has a negative impact on resistance against B. cinerea and P. carotovorum. Plants lacking a functional AtLYK3 also show reduced physiological responses to ABA and are partially resistant to ABA-induced inhibition of PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT3 expression. These results indicate that AtLYK3 is important for the cross talk between signaling pathways activated by ABA and pathogens.
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21
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Armijo G, Salinas P, Monteoliva MI, Seguel A, García C, Villarroel-Candia E, Song W, van der Krol AR, Álvarez ME, Holuigue L. A salicylic acid-induced lectin-like protein plays a positive role in the effector-triggered immunity response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae Avr-Rpm1. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:1395-406. [PMID: 24006883 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-13-0044-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the key hormones that orchestrate the pathogen-induced immune response in plants. This response is often characterized by the activation of a local hypersensitive reaction involving programmed cell death, which constrains proliferation of biotrophic pathogens. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of an SA-induced legume lectin-like protein 1 (SAI-LLP1), which is coded by a gene that belongs to the group of early SA-activated Arabidopsis genes. SAI-LLP1 expression is induced upon inoculation with avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato via an SA-dependent mechanism. Constitutive expression of SAI-LLP1 restrains proliferation of P. syringae pv. tomato Avr-Rpm1 and triggers more cell death in inoculated leaves. Cellular and biochemical evidence indicates that SAI-LLP1 is a glycoprotein located primarily at the apoplastic side of the plasma membrane. This work indicates that SAI-LLP1 is involved in resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato Avr-Rpm1 in Arabidopsis, as a component of the SA-mediated defense processes associated with the effector-triggered immunity response.
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22
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Vaid N, Macovei A, Tuteja N. Knights in action: lectin receptor-like kinases in plant development and stress responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1405-18. [PMID: 23430046 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) is a vast protein family with over 600 genes in Arabidopsis and 1100 in rice. The Lectin RLK (LecRLK) family is believed to play crucial roles in saccharide signaling as well as stress perception. All the LecRLKs possess three domains: an N-terminal lectin domain, an intermediate transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal kinase domain. On the basis of lectin domain variability, LecRLKs have been subgrouped into three subclasses: L-, G-, and C-type LecRLKs. While the previous studies on LecRLKs were dedicated to classification, comparative structural analysis and expression analysis by promoter-based studies, most of the recent studies on LecRLKs have laid special emphasis on the potential of this gene family in regulating biotic/abiotic stress and developmental pathways in plants, thus making the prospects of studying the LecRLK-mediated regulatory mechanism exceptionally promising. In this review, we have described in detail the LecRLK gene family with respect to a historical, evolutionary, and structural point of view. Furthermore, we have laid emphasis on the LecRLKs roles in development, stress conditions, and hormonal response. We have also discussed the exciting research prospects offered by the current knowledge on the LecRLK gene family. The multitude of the LecRLK gene family members and their functional diversity mark these genes as both interesting and worthy candidates for further analysis, especially in the field of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vaid
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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23
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Singh P, Zimmerli L. Lectin receptor kinases in plant innate immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:124. [PMID: 23675375 PMCID: PMC3646242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A key feature of innate immunity is the ability to recognize and respond to potential pathogens in a highly sensitive and specific manner. In plants, the first layer of defense is induced after recognition by pattern recognition receptors of microbe-associated molecular patterns. This recognition elicits a defense program known as pattern-triggered immunity. Pathogen entry into host tissue is a critical early step in causing infection. For foliar bacterial pathogens, natural surface openings such as stomata, are important entry sites. Stomata in contact with bacteria rapidly close and can thus restrict bacterial entry into leaves. The molecular mechanisms regulating stomatal closure upon pathogen perception are not yet well-understood. Plant lectin receptor kinases are thought to play crucial roles during development and in the adaptive response to various stresses. Although the function of most plant lectin receptor kinases is still not clear, a role for this kinase family in plant innate immunity is emerging. Here, we summarize recent progresses in the identification of lectin receptor kinases involved in plant innate immunity. We also discuss the role of lectin receptor kinases in stomatal innate immunity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Singh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Laurent Zimmerli
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Laurent Zimmerli, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan. e-mail:
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