1
|
Casatejada-Anchel R, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Rosa-Téllez S, Anoman AD, Nebauer SG, Torres-Moncho A, Fernie AR, Ros R. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase genes differentially affect Arabidopsis metabolism and development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110863. [PMID: 33775368 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Unlike animals, plants possess diverse L-serine (Ser) biosynthetic pathways. One of them, the Phosphorylated Pathway of Serine Biosynthesis (PPSB) has been recently described as essential for embryo, pollen and root development, and required for ammonium and sulfur assimilation. The first and rate limiting step of PPSB is the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH). In Arabidopsis, the PGDH family consists of three genes, PGDH1, PGDH2 and PGDH3. PGDH1 is characterized as being the essential gene of the family. However, the biological significance of PGDH2 and PGDH3 remains unknown. In this manuscript, we have functionally characterized PGDH2 and PGDH3. Phenotypic, metabolomic and gene expression analysis in PGDH single, double and triple mutants indicate that both PGDH2 and PGDH3 are functional, affecting plant metabolism and development. PGDH2 has a stronger effect on plant growth than PGDH3, having a partial redundant role with PGDH1. PGDH3, however, could have additional functions in photosynthetic cells unrelated to Ser biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Casatejada-Anchel
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Armand D Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Torres-Moncho
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao C, Huang M, Gao J, Wang Z, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yan L, Yu X, Li B, Shen Y. Comparative proteomics of three Chinese potato cultivars to improve understanding of potato molecular response to late blight disease. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:880. [PMID: 33297944 PMCID: PMC7727141 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late blight disease (LBD) caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans (PI), is the most devastating disease limiting potato (Solanum tuberosum) production globally. Currently, this disease pathogen is re-emerging and appearing in new areas at a very high intensity. A better understanding of the natural defense mechanisms against PI in different potato cultivars especially at the protein level is still lacking. Therefore, to elucidate potato proteome response to PI, we investigated changes in the proteome and leaf morphology of three potato cultivars, namely; Favorita (FA), Mira (MA), and E-malingshu N0.14 (E14) infected with PI by using the iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Results A total of 3306 proteins were found in the three potato genotypes, and 2044 proteins were quantified. Cluster analysis revealed MA and E14 clustered together separately from FA. The protein profile and related functions revealed that the cultivars shared a typical hypersensitive response to PI, including induction of elicitors, oxidative burst, and suppression of photosynthesis in the potato leaves. Meanwhile, MA and E14 deployed additional specific response mechanism different from FA, involving high induction of protease inhibitors, serine/threonine kinases, terpenoid, hormone signaling, and transport, which contributed to MA tolerance of LBD. Furthermore, inductions of pathogenesis-related proteins, LRR receptor-like kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase, WRKY transcription factors, jasmonic acid, and phenolic compounds mediate E14 resistance against LBD. These proteins were confirmed at the transcription level by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction and at the translation level by western-blot. Conclusions We found several proteins that were differentially abundant among the cultivars, that includes common and cultivar specific proteins which highlighted similarities and significant differences between FA, MA, and E14 in terms of their defense response to PI. Here the specific accumulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, Serine/threonine kinases, WRKY transcription played a positive role in E14 immunity against PI. The candidate proteins identified reported in this study will form the basis of future studies and may improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of late blight disease resistance in potato. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07286-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Southern Potato Research Center of China, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.,Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Mengling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Southern Potato Research Center of China, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.,Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Southern Potato Research Center of China, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.,Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Denghong Zhang
- Southern Potato Research Center of China, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.,Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanxue Zhang
- Southern Potato Research Center of China, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.,Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Southern Potato Research Center of China, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.,Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanfen Shen
- Southern Potato Research Center of China, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China. .,Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmitz J, Hüdig M, Meier D, Linka N, Maurino VG. The genome of Ricinus communis encodes a single glycolate oxidase with different functions in photosynthetic and heterotrophic organs. PLANTA 2020; 252:100. [PMID: 33170407 PMCID: PMC7655567 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical characterization of glycolate oxidase in Ricinus communis hints to different physiological functions of the enzyme depending on the organ in which it is active. Enzymatic activities of the photorespiratory pathway are not restricted to green tissues but are present also in heterotrophic organs. High glycolate oxidase (GOX) activity was detected in the endosperm of Ricinus communis. Phylogenetic analysis of the Ricinus L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase (Rc(L)-2-HAOX) family indicated that Rc(L)-2-HAOX1 to Rc(L)-2-HAOX3 cluster with the group containing streptophyte long-chain 2-hydroxy acid oxidases, whereas Rc(L)-2-HAOX4 clusters with the group containing streptophyte GOX. Rc(L)-2-HAOX4 is the closest relative to the photorespiratory GOX genes of Arabidopsis. We obtained Rc(L)-2-HAOX4 as a recombinant protein and analyze its kinetic properties in comparison to the Arabidopsis photorespiratory GOX. We also analyzed the expression of all Rc(L)-2-HAOXs and conducted metabolite profiling of different Ricinus organs. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Rc(L)-2-HAOX4 is the only GOX encoded in the Ricinus genome (RcGOX). RcGOX has properties resembling those of the photorespiratory GOX of Arabidopsis. We found that glycolate, the substrate of GOX, is highly abundant in non-green tissues, such as roots, embryo of germinating seeds and dry seeds. We propose that RcGOX fulfills different physiological functions depending on the organ in which it is active. In autotrophic organs it oxidizes glycolate into glyoxylate as part of the photorespiratory pathway. In fast growing heterotrophic organs, it is most probably involved in the production of serine to feed the folate pathway for special demands of those tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitz
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Division, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Meike Hüdig
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Division, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Plant Physiology Division, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Meier
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Division, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Division, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Molecular Plant Physiology Division, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paczia N, Becker-Kettern J, Conrotte JF, Cifuente JO, Guerin ME, Linster CL. 3-Phosphoglycerate Transhydrogenation Instead of Dehydrogenation Alleviates the Redox State Dependency of Yeast de Novo l-Serine Synthesis. Biochemistry 2019; 58:259-275. [PMID: 30668112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic mechanism of 3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate oxidation, which forms the first step of the main conserved de novo serine synthesis pathway, has been revisited recently in certain microorganisms. While this step is classically considered to be catalyzed by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase (e.g., PHGDH in mammals), evidence has shown that in Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the PHGDH homologues act as transhydrogenases. As such, they use α-ketoglutarate, rather than NAD+, as the final electron acceptor, thereby producing D-2-hydroxyglutarate in addition to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate during 3-phosphoglycerate oxidation. Here, we provide a detailed biochemical and sequence-structure relationship characterization of the yeast PHGDH homologues, encoded by the paralogous SER3 and SER33 genes, in comparison to the human and other PHGDH enzymes. Using in vitro assays with purified recombinant enzymes as well as in vivo growth phenotyping and metabolome analyses of yeast strains engineered to depend on either Ser3, Ser33, or human PHGDH for serine synthesis, we confirmed that both yeast enzymes act as transhydrogenases, while the human enzyme is a dehydrogenase. In addition, we show that the yeast paralogs differ from the human enzyme in their sensitivity to inhibition by serine as well as hydrated NADH derivatives. Importantly, our in vivo data support the idea that a 3PGA transhydrogenase instead of dehydrogenase activity confers a growth advantage under conditions where the NAD+:NADH ratio is low. The results will help to elucidate why different species evolved different reaction mechanisms to carry out a widely conserved metabolic step in central carbon metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Paczia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine , University of Luxembourg , L-4367 Belvaux , Luxembourg
| | - Julia Becker-Kettern
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine , University of Luxembourg , L-4367 Belvaux , Luxembourg
| | - Jean-François Conrotte
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine , University of Luxembourg , L-4367 Belvaux , Luxembourg
| | - Javier O Cifuente
- Structural Biology Unit , CIC bioGUNE Technological Park of Bizkaia , 48160 Derio , Vizcaya , Spain
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Biology Unit , CIC bioGUNE Technological Park of Bizkaia , 48160 Derio , Vizcaya , Spain.,IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Carole L Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine , University of Luxembourg , L-4367 Belvaux , Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sekula B, Ruszkowski M, Dauter Z. Structural Analysis of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase (Isoform 1) From Arabidopsis thaliana- the Enzyme Involved in the Phosphorylated Pathway of Serine Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:876. [PMID: 30034403 PMCID: PMC6043687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate (3-PHP) to 3-phosphoserine (PSer) in an L-glutamate (Glu)-linked reversible transamination reaction. This process proceeds through a bimolecular ping-pong mechanism and in plants takes place in plastids. It is a part of the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis, one of three routes recognized in plant organisms that yield serine. In this three-step biotransformation, 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) delivered from plastidial glycolysis and Calvin cycle is oxidized by 3-PGA dehydrogenase. Then, 3-PHP is subjected to transamination with Glu to yield PSer and α-ketoglutarate (AKG). In the last step of the pathway, serine is produced by the action of phosphoserine phosphatase. Here we present the structural characterization of PSAT isoform 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPSAT1), a dimeric S-shaped protein that truncated of its 71-residue-long chloroplast-targeting signal peptide. Three crystal structures of AtPSAT1 captured at different stages of the reaction: (i) internal aldimine state with PLP covalently bound to the catalytic K265, (ii) holoenzyme in complex with pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate (PMP) after transfer of the amino group from glutamate and (iii) the geminal diamine intermediate state wherein the cofactor is covalently bound to both, K265 and PSer. These snapshots over the course of the reaction present detailed architecture of AtPSAT1 and allow for the comparison of this plant enzyme with other PSATs. Conformational changes of the protein during the catalytic event concern (i) the neighborhood of K265 when the amino group is transferred to the cofactor to form PMP and (ii) movement of the gate-keeping loop (residues 391-401) upon binding of 3-PHP and PSer. The latter conformational change of the loop may likely be one of key elements that regulate catalytic activity of PSATs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Han X, Peng K, Wu H, Song S, Zhu Y, Bai Y, Wang Y. Overexpression of PSP1 enhances growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants under ambient air conditions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:419-431. [PMID: 28455648 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the phosphorylated pathway (PPSB) of L-serine (Ser) biosynthesis in plant growth and development has been demonstrated, but its specific role in leaves and interaction with photorespiration, the main leaf Ser biosynthetic pathway at daytime, are still unclear. To investigate whether changes in biosynthesis of Ser by the PPSB in leaves could have an impact on photorespiration and plant growth, we overexpressed PSP1, the last enzyme of this pathway, under control of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpressor plants grown in normal air displayed larger rosette diameter and leaf area as well as higher fresh and dry weight than the wild type. By contrast, no statistically significant differences to the wild type were observed when the overexpressor seedlings were transferred to elevated CO2, indicating a relationship between PSP1 overexpression and photorespiration. Additionally, the transgenic plants displayed higher photorespiration, an increase in CO2 net-uptake and stronger expression in the light of genes encoding enzymes involved in photorespiration. We further demonstrated that expression of many genes involved in nitrogen assimilation was also promoted in leaves of transgenic plants and that leaf nitrate reductase activity increased in the light, too, although not in the dark. Our results suggest a close correlation between the function of PPSB and photorespiration, and also nitrogen metabolism in leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Han
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Keli Peng
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yerong Zhu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanling Bai
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Xiao H, Zheng N, Gao X, Zhu R. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis of Amino Acid Labeling with Stable Isotope Nitrogen (15N) in Higher Plants. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Kumar V, Malhotra N, Pal T, Chauhan RS. Molecular dissection of pathway components unravel atisine biosynthesis in a non-toxic Aconitum species, A. heterophyllum Wall. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:106. [PMID: 28330176 PMCID: PMC4835424 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aconitum heterophyllum is an important component for various herbal drug formulations due to the occurrence of non-toxic aconites including marker compound, atisine. Despite huge pharmacological potential, the reprogramming of aconites production is limited due to lack of understanding on their biosynthesis. To address this problem, we have proposed here the complete atisine biosynthetic pathway for the first time connecting glycolysis, MVA/MEP, serine biosynthesis and diterpene biosynthetic pathways. The transcript profiling revealed phosphorylated pathway as a major contributor towards serine production in addition to repertoire of genes in glycolysis (G6PI, PFK, ALD and ENO), serine biosynthesis (PGDH and PSAT) and diterpene biosynthesis (KO and KH) sharing a similar pattern of expression (2-4-folds) in roots compared to shoots vis-à-vis atisine content (0-0.37 %). Quantification of steviol and comparative analysis of shortlisted genes between roots of high (0.37 %) vs low (0.14 %) atisine content accessions further confirmed the route of atisine biosynthesis. The results showed 6-fold increase in steviol content and 3-62-fold up-regulation of all the selected genes in roots of high content accession ascertaining their association towards atisine production. Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between selected genes suggesting their co-expression and crucial role in atisine biosynthesis. This study, thus, offers unprecedented opportunities to explore the selected candidate genes for enhanced production of atisine in cultivated plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173234, India
| | - Nikhil Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173234, India
| | - Tarun Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173234, India
| | - Rajinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173234, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sew YS, Ströher E, Fenske R, Millar AH. Loss of Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase Activity Alters Seed Metabolism Impairing Seed Maturation and Post-Germination Growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:849-63. [PMID: 27208265 PMCID: PMC4902577 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH; EC 1.1.1.37) has multiple roles; the most commonly described is its catalysis of the interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The roles of mMDH in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed development and germination were investigated in mMDH1 and mMDH2 double knockout plants. A significant proportion of mmdh1mmdh2 seeds were nonviable and developed only to torpedo-shaped embryos, indicative of arrested seed embryo growth during embryogenesis. The viable mmdh1mmdh2 seeds had an impaired maturation process that led to slow germination rates as well as retarded post-germination growth, shorter root length, and decreased root biomass. During seed development, mmdh1mmdh2 showed a paler green phenotype than the wild type and exhibited deficiencies in reserve accumulation and reduced final seed biomass. The respiration rate of mmdh1mmdh2 seeds was significantly elevated throughout their maturation, consistent with the previously reported higher respiration rate in mmdh1mmdh2 leaves. Mutant seeds showed a consistently higher content of free amino acids (branched-chain amino acids, alanine, serine, glycine, proline, and threonine), differences in sugar and sugar phosphate levels, and lower content of 2-oxoglutarate. Seed-aging assays showed that quiescent mmdh1mmdh2 seeds lost viability more than 3 times faster than wild-type seeds. Together, these data show the important role of mMDH in the earliest phases of the life cycle of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shin Sew
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Elke Ströher
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ricarda Fenske
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klemke F, Baier A, Knoop H, Kern R, Jablonsky J, Beyer G, Volkmer T, Steuer R, Lockau W, Hagemann M. Identification of the light-independent phosphoserine pathway as an additional source of serine in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:1050-1060. [PMID: 25701735 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
L-serine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids and participates in several essential processes in all organisms. In plants, the light-dependent photorespiratory and the light-independent phosphoserine pathways contribute to serine biosynthesis. In cyanobacteria, the light-dependent photorespiratory pathway for serine synthesis is well characterized, but the phosphoserine pathway has not been identified. Here, we investigated three candidate genes for enzymes of the phosphoserine pathway in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Only the gene for the D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase is correctly annotated in the genome database, whereas the 3-phosphoserine transaminase and 3-phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) proteins are incorrectly annotated and were identified here. All enzymes were obtained as recombinant proteins and showed the activities necessary to catalyse the three-step phosphoserine pathway. The genes coding for the phosphoserine pathway were found in most cyanobacterial genomes listed in CyanoBase. The pathway seems to be essential for cyanobacteria, because it was impossible to mutate the gene coding for PSP in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 or in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. A model approach indicates a 30-60% contribution of the phosphoserine pathway to the overall serine pool. Hence, this study verified that cyanobacteria, similar to plants, use the phosphoserine pathway in addition to photorespiration for serine biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antje Baier
- Plant Biochemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Knoop
- Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Kern
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Jiri Jablonsky
- Laboratory of Experimental Complex Systems, FFPW, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Ralf Steuer
- Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ros R, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Krueger S. Serine in plants: biosynthesis, metabolism, and functions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:564-9. [PMID: 24999240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Serine (Ser) has a fundamental role in metabolism and signaling in living organisms. In plants, the existence of different pathways of Ser biosynthesis has complicated our understanding of this amino acid homeostasis. The photorespiratory glycolate pathway has been considered to be of major importance, whereas the nonphotorespiratory phosphorylated pathway has been relatively neglected. Recent advances indicate that the phosphorylated pathway has an important function in plant metabolism and development. Plants deficient in this pathway display developmental defects in embryos, male gametophytes, and roots. We propose that the phosphorylated pathway is more important than was initially thought because it is the only Ser source for specific cell types involved in developmental events. Here, we discuss its importance as a link between metabolism and development in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roc Ros
- ERI de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- ERI de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Botanical Institute II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Selinski J, Scheibe R. Pollen tube growth: where does the energy come from? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e977200. [PMID: 25482752 PMCID: PMC4622831 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.977200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the energy metabolism during pollen maturation and tube growth and updates current knowledge. Pollen tube growth is essential for male reproductive success and extremely fast. Therefore, pollen development and tube growth are high energy-demanding processes. During the last years, various publications (including research papers and reviews) emphasize the importance of mitochondrial respiration and fermentation during male gametogenesis and pollen tube elongation. These pathways obviously contribute to satisfy the high energy demand, and there are many studies which suggest that respiration and fermentation are the only pathways to generate the needed energy. Here, we review data which show for the first time that in addition plastidial glycolysis and the balancing of the ATP/NAD(P)H ratio (by malate valves and NAD(+) biosynthesis) contribute to satisfy the energy demand during pollen development. Although the importance of energy generation by plastids was discounted during the last years (possibly due to the controversial opinion about their existence in pollen grains and pollen tubes), the available data underline their prime role during pollen maturation and tube growth.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- 2-PGA, 2-phosphoglycerate
- 3-PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate
- ACS, acetyl-CoA synthase
- ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- AOX, alternative oxidase
- BPGA, bisphosphoglyceric acid
- ENO, enolase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GOGAT, glutamate synthase
- GPT, G-6-P/phosphate translocators
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- MDH, malate dehydrogenase
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate kinase
- NMNAT, nicotinate/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase
- NTT, ATP/ADP transporters
- OAA, oxaloacetate
- OPP, oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway
- PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate
- PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase
- PGDH, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- PK, pyruvate kinase
- PPSB, phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis
- PPT, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator
- PSP, phosphoserine phosphatase
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RPOT, T3/T7 phage-type RNA polymerases
- T, malate/oxaloacetate translocator
- TP, triose phosphate.
- energy metabolism
- malate
- plastidial glycolysis
- pollen tube growth
- respiration
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
- Correspondence to: Renate Scheibe;
| |
Collapse
|