1
|
Wangthaisong P, Piromyou P, Songwattana P, Phimphong T, Songsaeng A, Pruksametanan N, Boonchuen P, Wongdee J, Teamtaisong K, Boonkerd N, Sato S, Tittabutr P, Teaumroong N. CopG 1, a Novel Transcriptional Regulator Affecting Symbiosis in Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:415. [PMID: 38927295 PMCID: PMC11201211 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between leguminous and Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 mainly relies on the nodulation process through Nod factors (NFs), while the type IV secretion system (T4SS) acts as an alternative pathway in this symbiosis. Two copies of T4SS (T4SS1 and T4SS2) are located on the chromosome of SUTN9-2. ΔT4SS1 reduces both nodule number and nitrogenase activity in all SUTN9-2 nodulating legumes. The functions of three selected genes (copG1, traG1, and virD21) within the region of T4SS1 were examined. We generated deleted mutants and tested them in Vigna radiata cv. SUT4. ΔtraG1 and ΔvirD21 exhibited lower invasion efficiency at the early stages of root infection but could be recently restored. In contrast, ΔcopG1 completely hindered nodule organogenesis and nitrogenase activity in all tested legumes. ΔcopG1 showed low expression of the nodulation gene and ttsI but exhibited high expression levels of the T4SS genes, traG1 and trbE1. The secreted proteins from ΔT4SS1 were down-regulated compared to the wild-type. Although ΔcopG1 secreted several proteins after flavonoid induction, T3SS (nopP and nopX) and the C4-dicarboxylate transporter (dct) were not detected. These results confirm the crucial role of the copG1 gene as a novel key regulator in the symbiotic relationship between SUTN9-2 and legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praneet Wangthaisong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pongdet Piromyou
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Songwattana
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Tarnee Phimphong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Apisit Songsaeng
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Natcha Pruksametanan
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Boonchuen
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Wongdee
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kamonluck Teamtaisong
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nantakorn Boonkerd
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Panlada Tittabutr
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meena M, Nagda A, Mehta T, Yadav G, Sonigra P. Mechanistic basis of the symbiotic signaling pathway between the host and the pathogen. PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTION - RECENT ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES 2023:375-387. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91875-6.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
|
3
|
Lathe R, St Clair D. From conifers to cognition: Microbes, brain and behavior. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12680. [PMID: 32515128 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A diversity of bacteria, protozoans and viruses ("endozoites") were recently uncovered within healthy tissues including the human brain. By contrast, it was already recognized a century ago that healthy plants tissues contain abundant endogenous microbes ("endophytes"). Taking endophytes as an informative precedent, we overview the nature, prevalence, and role of endozoites in mammalian tissues, centrally focusing on the brain, concluding that endozoites are ubiquitous in diverse tissues. These passengers often remain subclinical, but they are not silent. We address their routes of entry, mechanisms of persistence, tissue specificity, and potential to cause long-term behavioral changes and/or immunosuppression in mammals, where rabies virus is the exemplar. We extend the discussion to Herpesviridae, Coronaviridae, and Toxoplasma, as well as to diverse bacteria and yeasts, and debate the advantages and disadvantages that endozoite infection might afford to the host and to the ecosystem. We provide a clinical perspective in which endozoites are implicated in neurodegenerative disease, anxiety/depression, and schizophrenia. We conclude that endozoites are instrumental in the delicate balance between health and disease, including age-related brain disease, and that endozoites have played an important role in the evolution of brain function and human behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coba de la Peña T, Fedorova E, Pueyo JJ, Lucas MM. The Symbiosome: Legume and Rhizobia Co-evolution toward a Nitrogen-Fixing Organelle? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2229. [PMID: 29403508 PMCID: PMC5786577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In legume nodules, symbiosomes containing endosymbiotic rhizobial bacteria act as temporary plant organelles that are responsible for nitrogen fixation, these bacteria develop mutual metabolic dependence with the host legume. In most legumes, the rhizobia infect post-mitotic cells that have lost their ability to divide, although in some nodules cells do maintain their mitotic capacity after infection. Here, we review what is currently known about legume symbiosomes from an evolutionary and developmental perspective, and in the context of the different interactions between diazotroph bacteria and eukaryotes. As a result, it can be concluded that the symbiosome possesses organelle-like characteristics due to its metabolic behavior, the composite origin and differentiation of its membrane, the retargeting of host cell proteins, the control of microsymbiont proliferation and differentiation by the host legume, and the cytoskeletal dynamics and symbiosome segregation during the division of rhizobia-infected cells. Different degrees of symbiosome evolution can be defined, specifically in relation to rhizobial infection and to the different types of nodule. Thus, our current understanding of the symbiosome suggests that it might be considered a nitrogen-fixing link in organelle evolution and that the distinct types of legume symbiosomes could represent different evolutionary stages toward the generation of a nitrogen-fixing organelle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Coba de la Peña
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Elena Fedorova
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - José J Pueyo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen T, Duan L, Zhou B, Yu H, Zhu H, Cao Y, Zhang Z. Interplay of Pathogen-Induced Defense Responses and Symbiotic Establishment in Medicago truncatula. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:973. [PMID: 28611764 PMCID: PMC5447765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of host innate immunity appears to be required for the establishment of symbiosis between rhizobia and host plants. In this study, we established a system that included a host plant, a bacterial pathogen and a symbiotic rhizobium to study the role of innate immunity during symbiotic interactions. A pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000), was shown to cause chlorosis in Medicago truncatula A17. Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Sm2011 (Sm2011) and Pst DC3000 strain alone induced similar defense responses in M. truncatula. However, when co-inoculated, Sm2011 specifically suppressed the defense responses induced by Pst DC3000, such as MAPK activation and ROS production. Inoculation with Sm2011 suppressed the transcription of defense-related genes triggered by Pst DC3000 infection, including the receptor of bacterial flagellin (FLS2), pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR10), and the transcription factor WRKY33. Interestingly, inoculation with Pst DC3000 specifically inhibited the expression of the symbiosis marker genes nodule inception and nodulation pectate lyase and reduced the numbers of infection threads and nodules on M. truncatula A17 roots, indicating that Pst DC3000 inhibits the establishment of symbiosis in M. truncatula. In addition, defense-related genes, such as MAPK3/6, RbohC, and WRKY33, exhibited a transient increase in their expression in the early stage of symbiosis with Sm2011, but the expression dropped down to normal levels at later symbiotic stages. Our results suggest that plant innate immunity plays an antagonistic role in symbiosis by directly reducing the numbers of infection threads and nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Liujian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan SL, Li R, Chen HF, Zhang CJ, Chen LM, Hao QN, Chen SL, Shan ZH, Yang ZL, Zhang XJ, Qiu DZ, Zhou XA. RNA-Seq analysis of nodule development at five different developmental stages of soybean (Glycine max) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 113-2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42248. [PMID: 28169364 PMCID: PMC5294573 DOI: 10.1038/srep42248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodule development directly affects nitrogen fixation efficiency during soybean growth. Although abundant genome-based information related to nodule development has been released and some studies have reported the molecular mechanisms that regulate nodule development, information on the way nodule genes operate in nodule development at different developmental stages of soybean is limited. In this report, notably different nodulation phenotypes in soybean roots inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 113-2 at five developmental stages (branching stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage, pod stage and harvest stage) were shown, and the expression of nodule genes at these five stages was assessed quantitatively using RNA-Seq. Ten comparisons were made between these developmental periods, and their differentially expressed genes were analysed. Some important genes were identified, primarily encoding symbiotic nitrogen fixation-related proteins, cysteine proteases, cystatins and cysteine-rich proteins, as well as proteins involving plant-pathogen interactions. There were no significant shifts in the distribution of most GO functional annotation terms and KEGG pathway enrichment terms between these five development stages. A cystatin Glyma18g12240 was firstly identified from our RNA-seq, and was likely to promote nodulation and delay nodule senescence. This study provides molecular material for further investigations into the mechanisms of nitrogen fixation at different soybean developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song L. Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Hai F. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Chan J. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Li M. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Qing N. Hao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Shui L. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Zhi H. Shan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Zhong L. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Xiao J. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - De Z. Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| | - Xin A. Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garcia K, Delaux PM, Cope KR, Ané JM. Molecular signals required for the establishment and maintenance of ectomycorrhizal symbioses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:79-87. [PMID: 25982949 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses are among the most widespread associations between roots of woody plants and soil fungi in forest ecosystems. These associations contribute significantly to the sustainability and sustainagility of these ecosystems through nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms controlling the mutual recognition between both partners are still poorly understood. Elegant work has demonstrated that effector proteins from ECM and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi regulate host defenses by manipulating plant hormonal pathways. In parallel, genetic and evolutionary studies in legumes showed that a 'common symbiosis pathway' is required for the establishment of the ancient AM symbiosis and has been recruited for the rhizobia-legume association. Given that genes of this pathway are present in many angiosperm trees that develop ectomycorrhizas, we propose their potential involvement in some but not all ECM associations. The maintenance of a successful long-term relationship seems strongly regulated by resource allocation between symbiotic partners, suggesting that nutrients themselves may serve as signals. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the early and late signal exchanges between woody plants and ECM fungi, and we suggest future directions for decoding the molecular basis of the underground dance between trees and their favorite fungal partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kevin R Cope
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|