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Calcium-mediated rapid movements defend against herbivorous insects in Mimosa pudica. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6412. [PMID: 36376294 PMCID: PMC9663552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals possess specialized systems, e.g., neuromuscular systems, to sense the environment and then move their bodies quickly in response. Mimosa pudica, the sensitive plant, moves its leaves within seconds in response to external stimuli; e.g., touch or wounding. However, neither the plant-wide signaling network that triggers these rapid movements nor the physiological roles of the movements themselves have been determined. Here by simultaneous recording of cytosolic Ca2+ and electrical signals, we show that rapid changes in Ca2+ coupled with action and variation potentials trigger rapid movements in wounded M. pudica. Furthermore, pharmacological manipulation of cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology revealed that an immotile M. pudica is more vulnerable to attacks by herbivorous insects. Our findings provide evidence that rapid movements based on propagating Ca2+ and electrical signals protect this plant from insect attacks.
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Wang L, Guo MY, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Sentenac H. A repertoire of cationic and anionic conductances at the plasma membrane of Medicago truncatula root hairs. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:418-433. [PMID: 30673148 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs, as lateral extensions of epidermal cells, provide large absorptive surfaces to the root and are major actors in plant hydromineral nutrition. In contact with the soil they also constitute a site of interactions between the plant and rhizospheric microorganisms. In legumes, initiation of symbiotic interactions with N2 -fixing rhizobia is often triggered at the root hair cell membrane in response to nodulation factors secreted by rhizobia, and involves early signaling events with changes in H+ , Ca2+ , K+ and Cl- fluxes inducing transient depolarization of the cell membrane. Here, we aimed to build a functional repertoire of the major root hair conductances to cations and anions in the sequenced legume model Medicago truncatula. Five root hair conductances were characterized through patch-clamp experiments on enzymatically recovered root hair protoplasts. These conductances displayed varying properties of voltage dependence, kinetics and ion selectivity. They consisted of hyperpolarization- and depolarization-activated conductances for K+ , cations or Cl- . Among these, one weakly outwardly rectifying cationic conductance and one hyperpolarization-activated slowly inactivating anionic conductance were not known as active in root hairs. All five conductances were detected in apical regions of young growing root hairs using membrane spheroplasts obtained by laser-assisted cell-wall microdissection. Combined with recent root hair transcriptomes of M. truncatula, this functional repertoire of conductances is expected to help the identification of candidate genes for reverse genetics studies to investigate the possible role of each conductance in root hair growth and interaction with the biotic and abiotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Man-Yuan Guo
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, F34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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Chen G, Li X, Qiao X, Li J, Wang L, Kou X, Wu X, Wang G, Yin H, Wang P, Zhang S, Wu J. Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the SLAC/SLAH gene family in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and other members of the Rosaceae. Genomics 2018; 111:1097-1107. [PMID: 31533901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
S-type anion channels, which play important roles in plant anion (such as nitrate and chloride) transport, growth and development, abiotic stress responses and hormone signaling. However, there is far less information about this family in Rosaceae species. We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified SLAC/SLAH gene family members in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and four other species of Rosaceae. A total of 21 SLAC/SLAH genes were identified from the five Rosaceae species. Based on the structural characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis of these genes, the SLAC/SLAH gene family could be classified into three main groups. Transcriptome data demonstrated that PbrSLAC/SLAH genes were detected in all parts of the pear. PbrSLAC/SLAH genes were only located on the plasma membrane in transient expression experiments in Arabidopsis protoplasts cells. These results provide valuable information that increases our understanding of the evolution, expression and functions of the SLAC/SLAH gene family in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaobing Kou
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoming Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Liu J, Xu M, Estavillo GM, Delhaize E, White RG, Zhou M, Ryan PR. Altered Expression of the Malate-Permeable Anion Channel OsALMT4 Reduces the Growth of Rice Under Low Radiance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:542. [PMID: 29774038 PMCID: PMC5943490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the function of OsALMT4 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) which is a member of the aluminum-activated malate transporter family. Previous studies showed that OsALMT4 localizes to the plasma membrane and that expression in transgenic rice lines results in a constitutive release of malate from the roots. Here, we show that OsALMT4 is expressed widely in roots, shoots, flowers, and grain but not guard cells. Expression was also affected by ionic and osmotic stress, light and to the hormones ABA, IAA, and salicylic acid. Malate efflux from the transgenic plants over-expressing OsALMT4 was inhibited by niflumate and salicylic acid. Growth of transgenic lines with either increased OsALMT4 expression or reduced expression was measured in different environments. Light intensity caused significant differences in growth between the transgenic lines and controls. When day-time light was reduced from 700 to 300 μmol m-2s-1 independent transgenic lines with either increased or decreased OsALMT4 expression accumulated less biomass compared to their null controls. This response was not associated with differences in photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance or sugar concentrations in tissues. We propose that by disrupting malate fluxes across the plasma membrane carbon partitioning and perhaps signaling are affected which compromises growth under low light. We conclude that OsALMT4 is expressed widely in rice and facilitates malate efflux from different cell types. Altering OsALMT4 expression compromises growth in low-light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muyun Xu
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Gonzalo M. Estavillo
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Delhaize
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rosemary G. White
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food and Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Peter R. Ryan
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Jezek M, Blatt MR. The Membrane Transport System of the Guard Cell and Its Integration for Stomatal Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:487-519. [PMID: 28408539 PMCID: PMC5462021 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal guard cells are widely recognized as the premier plant cell model for membrane transport, signaling, and homeostasis. This recognition is rooted in half a century of research into ion transport across the plasma and vacuolar membranes of guard cells that drive stomatal movements and the signaling mechanisms that regulate them. Stomatal guard cells surround pores in the epidermis of plant leaves, controlling the aperture of the pore to balance CO2 entry into the leaf for photosynthesis with water loss via transpiration. The position of guard cells in the epidermis is ideally suited for cellular and subcellular research, and their sensitivity to endogenous signals and environmental stimuli makes them a primary target for physiological studies. Stomata underpin the challenges of water availability and crop production that are expected to unfold over the next 20 to 30 years. A quantitative understanding of how ion transport is integrated and controlled is key to meeting these challenges and to engineering guard cells for improved water use efficiency and agricultural yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Jezek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Plant anion channels allow the efflux of anions from cells. They are involved in turgor pressure control, changes in membrane potential, organic acid excretion, tolerance to salinity and inorganic anion nutrition. The recent molecular identification of anion channel genes in guard cells and in roots allows a better understanding of their function and of the mechanisms that control their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Barbier-Brygoo H, De Angeli A, Filleur S, Frachisse JM, Gambale F, Thomine S, Wege S. Anion channels/transporters in plants: from molecular bases to regulatory networks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 62:25-51. [PMID: 21275645 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anion channels/transporters are key to a wide spectrum of physiological functions in plants, such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, plant nutrition and compartmentalization of metabolites, and metal tolerance. The recent identification of gene families encoding some of these transport systems opened the way for gene expression studies, structure-function analyses of the corresponding proteins, and functional genomics approaches toward further understanding of their integrated roles in planta. This review, based on a few selected examples, illustrates that the members of a given gene family exhibit a diversity of substrate specificity, regulation, and intracellular localization, and are involved in a wide range of physiological functions. It also shows that post-translational modifications of transport proteins play a key role in the regulation of anion transport activity. Key questions arising from the increasing complexity of networks controlling anion transport in plant cells (the existence of redundancy, cross talk, and coordination between various pathways and compartments) are also addressed.
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