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Cagnetta R, Flanagan JG, Sonenberg N. Control of Selective mRNA Translation in Neuronal Subcellular Compartments in Health and Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7247-7263. [PMID: 37914402 PMCID: PMC10621772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2240-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple cell types, mRNAs are transported to subcellular compartments, where local translation enables rapid, spatially localized, and specific responses to external stimuli. Mounting evidence has uncovered important roles played by local translation in vivo in axon survival, axon regeneration, and neural wiring, as well as strong links between dysregulation of local translation and neurologic disorders. Omic studies have revealed that >1000 mRNAs are present and can be selectively locally translated in the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments from development to adulthood in vivo A large proportion of the locally translated mRNAs is specifically upregulated or downregulated in response to distinct extracellular signals. Given that the local translatome is large, selectively translated, and cue-specifically remodeled, a fundamental question concerns how selective translation is achieved locally. Here, we review the emerging regulatory mechanisms of local selective translation in neuronal subcellular compartments, their mRNA targets, and their orchestration. We discuss mechanisms of local selective translation that remain unexplored. Finally, we describe clinical implications and potential therapeutic strategies in light of the latest advances in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cagnetta
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - John G Flanagan
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
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2
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Lu Y, Zou R, Gu Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Ma R, Wang T, Wu J, Feng J, Zhang Y. CRNDE mediated hnRNPA2B1 stability facilitates nuclear export and translation of KRAS in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:611. [PMID: 37716979 PMCID: PMC10505224 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) involves activation of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of KRAS has yet to be fully characterized. Here, we found that the colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE)/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1) axis was notably elevated in CRC and was strongly associated with poor prognosis of patients, while also significantly promoting CRC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CRNDE maintained the stability of hnRNPA2B1 protein by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 mediated K63 ubiquitination-dependent protein degradation. CRNDE/hnRNPA2B1 axis facilitated the nuclear export and translation of KRAS mRNA, which specifically activated the MAPK signaling pathway, eventually accelerating the malignant progression of CRC. Our findings provided insight into the regulatory network for stable hnRNPA2B1 protein expression, and the molecular mechanisms by which the CRNDE/hnRNPA2B1 axis mediated KRAS nucleocytoplasmic transport and translation, deeply underscoring the bright future of hnRNPA2B1 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC. By hindering hnRNPA2B1 from binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, whose mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation was thereby inhibited, CRNDE protected the stability of hnRNPA2B1's high protein expression in CRC. Supported by the high level of the oncogenic molecule CRNDE, hnRNPA2B1 bound to KRAS mRNA and promoted KRAS mRNA nucleus export to enter the ribosomal translation program, subsequently activating the MAPK signaling pathway and ultimately accelerating the malignant progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renrui Zou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Gu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Qi F, Shen W, Wei X, Cheng Y, Xu F, Zheng Y, Li L, Qin C, Li X. CSNK1D-mediated phosphorylation of HNRNPA2B1 induces miR-25-3p/miR-93-5p maturation to promote prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration through m 6A-dependent manner. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:156. [PMID: 37208565 PMCID: PMC11072693 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and associated with poor prognosis of patients with PCa. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism underlying HNRNPA2B1 functions in PCa remains not clear. In our study, we proved that HNRNPA2B1 promoted the progression of PCa through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Further, we found that HNRNPA2B1 induced the maturation of miR-25-3p/miR-93-5p by recognizing primary miR-25/93 (pri-miR-25/93) through N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent manner. In addition, both miR-93-5p and miR-25-3p were proven as tumor promoters in PCa. Interestingly, by mass spectrometry analysis and mechanical experiments, we found that casein kinase 1 delta (CSNK1D) could mediate the phosphorylation of HNRNPA2B1 to enhance its stability. Moreover, we further proved that miR-93-5p targeted BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) mRNA to reduce its expression, thereby activating transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway. At the same time, miR-25-3p targeted forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) to inactivate FOXO pathway. These results collectively indicated that CSNK1D stabilized HNRNPA2B1 facilitates the processing of miR-25-3p/miR-93-5p to regulate TGF-β and FOXO pathways, resulting in PCa progression. Our findings supported that HNRNPA2B1 might be a promising target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Scientific Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhu S, Hou J, Gao H, Hu Q, Kloeber JA, Huang J, Zhao F, Zhou Q, Luo K, Wu Z, Tu X, Yin P, Lou Z. SUMOylation of HNRNPA2B1 modulates RPA dynamics during unperturbed replication and genotoxic stress responses. Mol Cell 2023; 83:539-555.e7. [PMID: 36702126 PMCID: PMC9975078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA) is a major regulator of eukaryotic DNA metabolism involved in multiple essential cellular processes. Maintaining appropriate RPA dynamics is crucial for cells to prevent RPA exhaustion, which can lead to replication fork breakage and replication catastrophe. However, how cells regulate RPA availability during unperturbed replication and in response to stress has not been well elucidated. Here, we show that HNRNPA2B1SUMO functions as an endogenous inhibitor of RPA during normal replication. HNRNPA2B1SUMO associates with RPA through recognizing the SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) of RPA to inhibit RPA accumulation at replication forks and impede local ATR activation. Declining HNRNPA2SUMO induced by DNA damage will release nuclear soluble RPA to localize to chromatin and enable ATR activation. Furthermore, we characterize that HNRNPA2B1 hinders homologous recombination (HR) repair via limiting RPA availability, thus conferring sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. These findings establish HNRNPA2B1 as a critical player in RPA-dependent surveillance networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zheming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Chowdhury MN, Jin H. The RGG motif proteins: Interactions, functions, and regulations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1748. [PMID: 35661420 PMCID: PMC9718894 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Proteins with motifs rich in arginines and glycines were discovered decades ago and are functionally involved in a staggering range of essential processes in the cell. Versatile, specific, yet adaptable molecular interactions enabled by the unique combination of arginine and glycine, combined with multiplicity of molecular recognition conferred by repeated di-, tri-, and multiple peptide motifs, allow RGG motif proteins to interact with a broad range of proteins and nucleic acids. Furthermore, posttranslational modifications at the arginines in the motif extend the RGG protein's capacity for a fine-tuned regulation. In this review, we focus on the biochemical properties of the RGG motif, its molecular interactions with RNAs and proteins, and roles of the posttranslational modification in modulating their interactions. We discuss current knowledge of the RGG motif proteins involved in mRNA transport and translation, highlight our merging understanding of their molecular functions in translational regulation and summarize areas of research in the future critical in understanding this important family of proteins. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Translation > Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashiat N. Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 West Gregory Drive, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,Corresponding author: Phone: (217)244-9493, Fax: (217)244-5858,
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RNA-binding proteins: Underestimated contributors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:431-444. [PMID: 35124196 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
mRNA export, translation, splicing, cleavage or capping determine mRNA stability, which represents one of the primary aspects regulating gene expression and function. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to their target mRNAs to regulate multiple cell functions by increasing or reducing their stability. In recent decades, studies of the role of RBPs in tumorigenesis have revealed an increasing number of proteins impacting the prognosis, diagnosis and cancer treatment. Several RBPs have been identified based on their interactions with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancers, which are involved in apoptosis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune response, metabolism, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs. In this review, we propose a model showing how RBP mutations influence tumorigenesis, and we update the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism by which RBPs regulate cancer. Special attention is being devoted to RBPs that represent prognostic and diagnostic factors in cancer patients.
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Emerging roles of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1077-1092. [PMID: 36113587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a group of RNA-binding proteins with important roles in multiple aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including the packaging of nascent transcripts, alternative splicing, transactivation of gene expression, and regulation of protein translation. As a core component of the hnRNP complex in mammalian cells, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNP A2B1) participates in and coordinates various molecular events. Given its regulatory role in inflammation and cancer progression, hnRNP A2B1 has become a novel player in immune response, inflammation, and cancer development. Concomitant with these new roles, a surprising number of mechanisms deemed to regulate hnRNP A2B1 functions have been identified, including post-translational modifications, changes in subcellular localization, direct interactions with multiple DNAs, RNAs, and proteins or the formation of complexes with them, which have gradually made hnRNP A2B1 a molecular target for multiple drugs. In light of the rising interest in the intersection between cancer and inflammation, this review will focus on recent knowledge of the biological roles of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer, immune response, and inflammation.
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Wan H, Feng Y, Wu J, Zhu L, Mi Y. Functions and mechanisms of N6‑methyladenosine in prostate cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:280. [PMID: 35856412 PMCID: PMC9364137 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has long been a major public health problem affecting men worldwide. Even with treatment, it can develop into castration-resistant PCa. With the continuous advancement in epigenetics, researchers have explored N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in search of a more effective and lasting treatment for PCa. m6A is widely distributed in mammalian cells and influences various aspects of mRNA metabolism. Recently, it has been associated with the development or suppression of various types of cancer, including PCa. This review summarizes the recent findings on m6A regulation and its functions and mechanisms in cells, focusing on the various functional proteins operating within m6A in PCa cells. Moreover, the potential clinical value of exploiting m6A modification as an early diagnostic marker in PCa diagnosis and therapeutics was discussed. m6A may also be used as an indicator to evaluate treatment outcome and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Wan
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B: an emerging group of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:337. [PMID: 35879279 PMCID: PMC9314375 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B (hnRNPA/B) is one of the core members of the RNA binding protein (RBP) hnRNPs family, including four main subtypes, A0, A1, A2/B1 and A3, which share the similar structure and functions. With the advance in understanding the molecular biology of hnRNPA/B, it has been gradually revealed that hnRNPA/B plays a critical role in almost the entire steps of RNA life cycle and its aberrant expression and mutation have important effects on the occurrence and progression of various cancers. This review focuses on the clinical significance of hnRNPA/B in various cancers and systematically summarizes its biological function and molecular mechanisms.
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Pathania S, Khan MI, Bandyopadhyay S, Singh SS, Rani K, Parashar TR, Jayaram J, Mishra PR, Srivastava A, Mathur S, Hari S, Vanamail P, Hariprasad G. iTRAQ proteomics of sentinel lymph nodes for identification of extracellular matrix proteins to flag metastasis in early breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8625. [PMID: 35599267 PMCID: PMC9124668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with early breast cancer are affected by metastasis to axillary lymph nodes. Metastasis to these nodes is crucial for staging and quality of surgery. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy that is currently used to assess lymph node metastasis is not effective. This necessitates identification of biomarkers that can flag metastasis. Early stage breast cancer patients were recruited. Surgical resection of breast was followed by identification of sentinel lymph nodes. Fresh frozen section biopsy was used to assign metastatic and non-metastatic sentinel lymph nodes. Discovery phase included iTRAQ proteomics coupled with mass spectrometric analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins. Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027668. Validation was done by bioinformatic analysis and ELISA. There were 2398 unique protein groups and 109 differentially expressed proteins comparing metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. Forty nine proteins were up-regulated, and sixty proteins that were down regulated in metastatic group. Bioinformatic analysis showed ECM-receptor interaction pathways to be implicated in lymph node metastasis. ELISA confirmed up-regulation of ECM proteins in metastatic lymph nodes. ECM proteins have requisite parameters to be developed as a diagnostic tool to assess status of sentinel lymph nodes to guide surgical intervention in early breast cancer.
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Gray JS, Wani SA, Campbell MJ. Epigenomic alterations in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:473-492. [PMID: 35383835 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human cell requires ways to specify its transcriptome without altering the essential sequence of DNA; this is achieved through mechanisms which govern the epigenetic state of DNA and epitranscriptomic state of RNA. These alterations can be found as modified histone proteins, cytosine DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and mRNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The different aspects of epigenomic and epitranscriptomic modifications require protein complexes to write, read, and erase these chemical alterations. Reflecting these important roles, many of these reader/writer/eraser proteins are either frequently mutated or differentially expressed in cancer. The disruption of epigenetic regulation in the cell can both contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and increase the likelihood of developing resistance to chemotherapies. Development of therapeutics to target proteins involved in epigenomic/epitranscriptomic modifications has been intensive, but further refinement is necessary to achieve ideal treatment outcomes without too many off-target effects for cancer patients. Therefore, further integration of clinical outcomes combined with large-scale genomic analyses is imperative for furthering understanding of epigenomic mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie S Gray
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Sajad A Wani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
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Garcia-Marques F, Liu S, Totten SM, Bermudez A, Tanimoto C, Hsu EC, Nolley R, Hembree A, Stoyanova T, Brooks JD, Pitteri SJ. Protein signatures to distinguish aggressive from indolent prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:605-616. [PMID: 35098564 PMCID: PMC8916040 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing men with aggressive from indolent prostate cancer is critical to decisions in the management of clinically localized prostate cancer. Molecular signatures of aggressive disease could help men overcome this major clinical challenge by reducing unnecessary treatment and allowing more appropriate treatment of aggressive disease. METHODS We performed a mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of normal and malignant prostate tissues from 22 men who underwent surgery for prostate cancer. Prostate cancer samples included Grade Groups (3-5), with 8 patients experiencing recurrence and 14 without evidence of recurrence with a mean of 6.8 years of follow-up. To better understand the biological pathways underlying prostate cancer aggressiveness, we performed a systems biology analysis and gene enrichment analysis. Proteins that distinguished recurrent from nonrecurrent cancer were chosen for validation by immunohistochemical analysis on tissue microarrays containing samples from a larger cohort of patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent prostate cancer. RESULTS In all, 24,037 unique peptides (false discovery rate < 1%) corresponding to 3,313 distinct proteins were identified with absolute abundance ranges spanning seven orders of magnitude. Of these proteins, 115 showed significantly (p < 0.01) different levels in tissues from recurrent versus nonrecurrent cancers. Analysis of all differentially expressed proteins in recurrent and nonrecurrent cases identified several protein networks, most prominently one in which approximately 24% of the proteins in the network were regulated by the YY1 transcription factor (adjusted p < 0.001). Strong immunohistochemical staining levels of three differentially expressed proteins, POSTN, CALR, and CTSD, on a tissue microarray validated their association with shorter patient survival. CONCLUSIONS The protein signatures identified could improve understanding of the molecular drivers of aggressive prostate cancer and be used as candidate prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garcia-Marques
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - Sarah M. Totten
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - Cheylene Tanimoto
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - En-Chi Hsu
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - Rosalie Nolley
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA 94305
| | - Amy Hembree
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
| | - James D. Brooks
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA 94305
| | - Sharon J. Pitteri
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 94304
- Corresponding Author: Sharon Pitteri, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304,
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13
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HNRNPA2B1 inhibited SFRP2 and activated Wnt-β/catenin via m6A-mediated miR-106b-5p processing to aggravate stemness in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Zhang Y, Li L, Ye Z, Zhang L, Yao N, Gai L. Identification of m6A methyltransferase-related genes predicts prognosis and immune infiltrates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1554. [PMID: 34790760 PMCID: PMC8576668 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for 90% of head and neck malignant tumors. As the early symptoms of HNSCC are not obvious, and it is prone to recurrence and metastasis, making the overall survival (OS) rate of patients very low. Existing studies have shown m6A methylation plays a crucial role in various cancers, but it is rarely studied in HNSCC. This study aimed to explore the expression of m6A methylation-related genes in HNSCC and its correlation with prognosis, and to explore its relationship with immune infiltration. Methods The gene expression data of HNSCC patient tumor samples (tumor =510) and adjacent normal tissue samples (normal =50) were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the expression characteristics of m6A regulatory factors were described. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the relationship between m6A regulatory factors and OS and disease-specific survival (DSS). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to construct the m6A regulatory factor-HNSCC risk prediction model. In addition, the relationship between m6A methylation-related genes and tumor immune infiltration were discussed. Results The differential expression of 20 genes were identified by TCGA, and 18 genes (IGF2BP2, IGF2BP1, IGF2BP3, VIRMA, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3, ZC3H13, METTL14, ALKBH5, METTL3, RBMX, WTAP, YTHDC1, FTO, HNRNPC, HNRNPA2B1, and RBM15) were overexpressed in HNSCC. The survival rate of different gene expression levels was different. The high expression of YTHDC1 and YTHDC2 indicated better OS. Furthermore, for DSS, increased expression of YTHDC2 was also correlated with better clinical outcomes (P<0.05). At the same time, we drew a 3-gene risk score model in the TCGA-HNSCC cohort, and the survival curve showed compared with low-risk patients, high-risk patients had significantly worse OS (P<0.05). Gene enrichment analysis showed EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITIO, MTORC1_SIGNALING, MYC_TARGETS_V1, MYC_TARGETS_V2, MYOGENESIS pathways, high TP53 mutations, and suppressive immunity were related to the high-risk group. The low-risk group was related to ALLOGRAFT_REJECTION, COMPLEMENT, IL6_JAK_STAT3_SIGNALING, INTERFERON_ALPHA_RESPONSE, INTERFERON_GAMMA_RESPONSE pathways, low TP53 mutations, and active immunity. Conclusions The m6A methyltransferase-related genes can predict the prognosis of HNSCC and are related to immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Huaian Hospital, Huaian, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhihui Ye
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Rich Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghua Yao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ling Gai
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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15
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Yin M, Cheng M, Liu C, Wu K, Xiong W, Fang J, Li Y, Zhang B. HNRNPA2B1 as a trigger of RNA switch modulates the miRNA-mediated regulation of CDK6. iScience 2021; 24:103345. [PMID: 34805798 PMCID: PMC8590077 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional inactivation of tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA) is closely related to the tumorigenesis of cancer. There are instances where the miRNA and the corresponding target both exist in a cell, but the target gene silencing do not occur as expected. Herein, we found that both miR-506 and its target CDK6 are highly co-expressed in lung cancer cells. Sequence analyses suggested that a miR-506 binding site (1648–1654) and a cis-element (1785–1795) for binding by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) are evolutionarily conserved and forms a stem structure in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of CDK6. Furthermore, HNRNPA2B1 can bind to the stem structure to denature it and recruit the RNA helicase DExH-box helicase 9 (DHX9) to the 3′UTR, which ultimately facilitates miRNAs-mediated CDK6 silencing. These results indicate that the cis-element of the 3′UTR of CDK6, where HNRNPA2B1 binds, serves as an RNA switch to regulate miRNAs’ function in cancer cells. Both miR-506 and its target CDK6 are highly co-expressed in lung cancer HNRNPA2B1 facilitates miR-506-mediated CDK6 silence by switching structure in 3′UTR HNRNPA2B1 also recruits the DHX9 to the 3′UTR of its targets HNRNPA2B1 extensively regulates miRNAs-mediated gene silencing through binding to 3′UTR
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meidie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Keli Wu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Ji Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Biliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
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16
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Liu Z, Zhong J, Zeng J, Duan X, Lu J, Sun X, Liu Q, Liang Y, Lin Z, Zhong W, Wu W, Cai C, Zeng G. Characterization of the m6A-Associated Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer to Aid Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735170. [PMID: 34531875 PMCID: PMC8438522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the correlation between m6A modification and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in prostate cancer (PCa) and to identify the m6A regulation patterns suitable for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. We evaluated the m6A regulation patterns of PCa based on 24 m6A regulators and correlated these modification patterns with TIME characteristics. Three distinct m6A regulation patterns were determined in PCa. The m6A regulators cluster with the best prognosis had significantly increased METTL14 and ZC3H13 expression and was characterized by low mutation rate, tumor heterogeneity, and neoantigens. The m6A regulators cluster with a poor prognosis had markedly high KIAA1429 and HNRNPA2B1 expression and was characterized by high intratumor heterogeneity and Th2 cell infiltration, while low Th17 cell infiltration and Macrophages M1/M2. The m6Ascore was constructed to quantify the m6A modification pattern of individual PCa patients based on m6A-associated genes. We found that the low-m6Ascore group with poor prognosis had a higher immunotherapeutic response rate than the high-m6Ascore group. The low-m6Ascore group was more likely to benefit from ICIs therapy. This study was determined that immunotherapy is more effective in low-m6Ascore PCa patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehui Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Chen ZQ, Yuan T, Jiang H, Yang YY, Wang L, Fu RM, Luo SQ, Zhang T, Wu ZY, Wen KM. MicroRNA‑8063 targets heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein AB to inhibit the self‑renewal of colorectal cancer stem cells via the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:219. [PMID: 34396427 PMCID: PMC8377466 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a major cause of therapeutic failure in a variety of cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the self-renewal of colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) remain unclear. Our previous study utilized CRCSCs and their parent cells; through gene microarray screening and bioinformatics analysis, we hypothesized that microRNA (miR)-8063 may bind to, and regulate the expression of, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein AB (hnRNPAB) to facilitate the regulation of CRCSC self-renewal. The aim of the present study was to confirm this conjecture through relevant experiments. The results indicated that compared with that in parent cells, miR-8063 expression was significantly downregulated in CRCSCs, while hnRNPAB expression was increased. Furthermore, hnRNPAB was identified as a direct target of miR-8063 using a dual-Luciferase assay. Overexpression of hnRNPAB promoted the acquisition of CSC characteristics in CRC cells (increased colony formation ability, enhanced tumorigenicity, and upregulated expression of CSC markers), as well as the upregulation of key proteins (Wnt3a, Wnt5a and β-catenin) in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Similarly, after silencing miR-8063 in CRC cells, the characteristics of CSC were altered, and the expression of hnRNPAB protein was promoted. However, post overexpression of miR-8063 in CRCSCs, the self-renewal ability of CSCs was weakened with the downregulation of hnRNPAB protein, Wnt3a, Wnt5a and β-catenin. These results suggest that as a tumor suppressor, miR-8063 is involved in regulating the self-renewal of CRCSCs, where loss of miR-8063 expression weakens its inhibition on hnRNPAB, which leads to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote the self-renewal of CRCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Quan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Min Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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18
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Kim MK, Choi MJ, Lee HM, Choi HS, Park YK, Ryu CJ. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 regulates the ERK and p53/HDM2 signaling pathways to promote the survival, proliferation and migration of non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:153. [PMID: 34109989 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. Upregulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) has been reported in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but its contribution to NSCLC remains poorly understood. hnRNPA2/B1 is involved in carcinogenesis by interacting with a number of proteins; however, little is known about its interaction with p53. The results of the present study revealed that hnRNPA2/B1 expression levels were upregulated in NSCLC cells under tumorsphere culture conditions and cisplatin treatment compared with those in cells under the adherent condition and dimethyl sulfoxide treatment, respectively, suggesting that hnRNPA2/B1 expression is induced under stress conditions. hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown decreased the number and size of NSCLC cell colonies in a clonogenic survival assay and led to a decreased migratory potential of NSCLC cells, suggesting that hnRNPA2/B1 may promote the survival, proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown induced G0/G1 phase arrest in NSCLC cells through cyclin E degradation and phosphorylation of cyclin‑dependent kinase 2. In addition, hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown inhibited extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that hnRNPA2/B1 may promote the G1/S phase transition in NSCLC cells through ERK signaling. hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown resulted in increased expression levels of p21 and p27 in NSCLC cells, as well as p53 induction and phosphorylation. Additionally, hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown inhibited human double minute 2 protein (HDM2) stability and phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of hnRNPA2 induced the opposite effects. These results suggested that hnRNPA2/B1 may promote the survival, proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells through preventing the activation of p53, which is induced by ERK‑mediated HDM2 activation. The results of the present study also indicated that the components of the hnRNPA2/B1/ERK/p53/HDM2 signaling pathway may be novel potential molecular targets for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ju Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- Prevention and Management Center, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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19
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Liu J, Sun G, Pan S, Qin M, Ouyang R, Li Z, Huang J. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based m 6A methylation-related genes predict prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 11:759-768. [PMID: 32631107 PMCID: PMC8291839 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1787764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the significance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation-related genes in the clinical prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using bioinformatics analyses based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Transcriptome data and corresponding clinical data on m6A methylation-related genes (including 15 genes) were obtained from TCGA database. Differential expression of 15 genes was identified. Survival curves of subgroups based on m6A methylation-related gene expression levels were plotted. We selected potential predictive genes and analyzed their prognostic values using bioinformatics methods. Eleven genes (METTL3, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3, YTHDC1, YTHDC2, FTO, KIAA1429, HNRNPC, HNRNPA2B1, and RBM15) were found to be overexpressed in HCC. Of these, five genes had worse survival (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the survival rate between subgroups with different expression levels of m6A. We selected five potential predictors (METTL3, KIAA1429, ZC3H13, YTHDF1, and YTHDF2) that met the independent predictive value. ZC3H13 was upregulated in patients with high cancer risk, whereas METTL3, KIAA1429, YTHDF1, and YTHDF2 were downregulated. In summary, we found that the expression levels of m6A methylation-related genes were different in patients with HCC and correlated with survival and prognosis. This implies that m6A methylation-related genes may be promising prognostic indicators or therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu Zhou Worker's Hospital , Liuzhou, China
| | - Guili Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China
| | - Shangling Pan
- Departments of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China
| | - Rong Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu Zhou Worker's Hospital , Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu Zhou Worker's Hospital , Liuzhou, China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China
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20
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Fu Y, Katsaros D, Biglia N, Wang Z, Pagano I, Tius M, Tiirikainen M, Rosser C, Yang H, Yu H. Vitamin D receptor upregulates lncRNA TOPORS-AS1 which inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and associates with favorable prognosis of ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7484. [PMID: 33820921 PMCID: PMC8021562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important biological functions, but their involvement in ovarian cancer remains elusive. We analyzed high-throughput data to identify lncRNAs associated with ovarian cancer outcomes. Our search led to the discovery of lncRNA TOPORS Antisense RNA 1 (TOPORS-AS1). Patients with high TOPORS-AS1 expression had favorable overall survival compared to low expression. This association was replicated in our study and confirmed by meta-analysis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpressing TOPORS-AS1 in ovarian cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited aggressive cell behaviors, including migration, invasion, and colony formation. Analysis of tumor cell transcriptomes indicated TOPORS-AS1′s influence on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Additional experiments revealed that TOPORS-AS1 increased the phosphorylation of β-catenin and suppressed the expression of CTNNB1, disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our experiments further discovered that vitamin D receptor (VDR) upregulated TOPORS-AS1 expression and that inhibition of β-catenin by TOPORS-AS1 required a RNA binding protein, hnRNPA2B1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1). Taken together, these findings suggest that TOPORS-AS1 may behave like a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer through interrupting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and that VDR upregulates the expression of TOPORS-AS1. Assessing TOPORS-AS1 expression in ovarian cancer may help predict disease prognosis and develop treatment strategy
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecology, AOU Città Della Salute, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Biglia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino School of Medicine, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Marcus Tius
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Charles Rosser
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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21
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Zhou J, Guo Y, Huo Z, Xing Y, Fang J, Ma G, Han Q, Wang M, Xu Q. Identification of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers from the hnRNP family in invasive breast carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4503-4521. [PMID: 33495416 PMCID: PMC7906176 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are RNA-binding proteins that are reported to play a crucial role in the pathogenic process of multiple malignancies. However, their expression patterns, clinical application significance and prognostic values in invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA) remain unknown. In this study, we investigated hnRNP family members in BRCA using accumulated data from Oncomine 4.5, UALCAN Web portal and other available databases. We explored the expression and prognostic value level of hnRNPs in BRCA. We further analyzed their association with the clinicopathological features of BRCA patients. Subsequently, we calculated the alteration frequency of hnRNPs, constructed the interaction network of hnRNPs, and examined the potential coexpression genes of hnRNPs, revealing that HNRNPU and SYNCRIP are the core molecular genes requiring further investigation for BRCA. We validated the immunohistochemistry (IHC) pattern to simulate clinical applications based on pathology. Cell function experiments conducted in vitro indicated that HNRNPU can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, functionally stimulating the invasion capacity and inhibiting the viability of invasive BRCA cells. In summary, our systematic analysis demonstrated that HNRNPU was the key molecule that played a fundamental role in BRCA metastasis, which may facilitate the development of new diagnostic and prognostic markers for the analysis of BRCA progression.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Databases, Genetic
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U/genetics
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- MCF-7 Cells
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Yugang Guo
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Zheng Huo
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Yuxin Xing
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Jintao Fang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Guohui Ma
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Qinghui Han
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Nanyang Normal University, NanYang 473000, China
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The HNRNPA2B1-MST1R-Akt axis contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1589-1601. [PMID: 32669614 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of splicing factors and alternative splicing are increasingly viewed as major contributory factors in tumorigenesis. In this study, we report overexpression of a key splicing factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (HNRNPA2B1), and thereby misregulation of alternative splicing, which is associated with the poor prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC). The role of HNRNPA2B1 in HNC tumorigenesis via deregulation of alternative splicing is not well understood. Here, we found that the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of HNRNPA2B1 results in inhibition of HNC cells growth via the misregulation of alternative splicing of MST1R, WWOX, and CFLAR. We investigated the mechanism of HNRNPA2B1-mediated HNC cells growth and found that HNRNPA2B1 plays an important role in the alternative splicing of a proto-oncogene, macrophage stimulating 1 receptor (MST1R), which encodes for the recepteur d'origine nantais (RON), a receptor tyrosine kinase. Our results indicate that HNRNPA2B1 mediates the exclusion of cassette exon 11 from MST1R, resulting in the generation of RON∆165 isoform, which was found to be associated with the activation of Akt/PKB signaling in HNC cells. Using the MST1R-minigene model, we validated the role of HNRNPA2B1 in the generation of RON∆165 isoform. The depletion of HNRNPA2B1 results in the inclusion of exon 11, thereby reduction of RON∆165 isoform. The decrease of RON∆165 isoform causes inhibition of Akt/PKB signaling, which results in the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of vimentin leading to the reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The overexpression of HNRNPA2B1 in HNRNPA2B1 knockout cells rescues the expression of the RON∆165 isoform and leads to activation of Akt/PKB signaling and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HNC cells. In summary, our study identifies HNRNPA2B1 as a putative oncogene in HNC that promotes Akt/PKB signaling via upregulation of RON∆165 isoform and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer cells.
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Systematic Investigation of mRNA N 6-Methyladenosine Machinery in Primary Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8833438. [PMID: 33273988 PMCID: PMC7676945 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8833438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Appreciable findings have pointed out pivotal roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) machinery in cancer onset and progression. However, limited efforts have been directed towards relevant research in the prostate cancer area. Methods A PubMed search was conducted to acquire components of the mRNA m6A machinery. Multiomics integration was performed to systematically investigate the mRNA m6A machinery in primary prostate cancer. Furthermore, RNA interference assays of two prognostic m6A readers EIF3D and HNRNPA2B1 were conducted to explore m6A dependence of their functions in prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Results A total of 41 mRNA m6A regulators have been identified to date. A small degree of copy number aberrations and an extremely low frequency of somatic mutations were observed in the regulators across prostate tumors. Enrichment of CpG sites and extensive changes of DNA methylation in the m6A machinery were also found. Impact of copy number variation on m6A regulator expression was stronger than that of DNA methylation disturbance. Furthermore, our study identified a set of m6A regulators related to clinical features and/or survival which were largely m6A-binding proteins. The translation initiation factor subunit EIF3D and the splicing factor HNRNPA2B1 can be independent prognostic factors which may contribute to retardation and promotion of cancer progression, respectively, through affecting cancer-related processes such as cell cycle. Moreover, in vitro assays demonstrated that m6A impacted the EIF3D and HNRNPA2B1 roles in proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells. Conclusions Our report systematically described molecular features of the mRNA m6A machinery and their potential roles in primary prostate cancer. Knowledge gained from this work may pave the way for further studies on the m6A system in prostate cancer.
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Ji G, Huang C, He S, Gong Y, Song G, Li X, Zhou L. Comprehensive analysis of m6A regulators prognostic value in prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14863-14884. [PMID: 32710725 PMCID: PMC7425456 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification. While the role of m6A in prostate cancer remains unknown. We aim to measure the effects of m6A methylation regulatory genes during the development and progression of prostate cancer. Methods: We collected transcriptome information and gene-level alteration data from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. The log-rank test and Cox regression model were used to examine the prognosis value of m6A methylation regulatory genes of prostate cancer. Results: We discovered that most of m6A methylation regulators were highly expressed in aggressive prostate cancer. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression results showed that the expression of Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) and N6-adenosine-methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit (METTL14) and copy number variant of AlkB Homolog 5 (ALKBH5) were considerably associated with a recurrence-free survival of prostate cancer. Furthermore, a high level of m6A methylation in mRNA promotes the progression of prostate cancer via regulating subcellular protein localization. Conclusion: Patients with a high level of mRNA methylation resulted from overexpression of reader proteins and methyltransferase complexes had poor survival benefits through influencing protein subcellular location in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shiming He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing, China
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25
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Tang S, Zhao Y, He X, Zhu J, Chen S, Wen J, Deng Y. Identification of NOVA family proteins as novel β-catenin RNA-binding proteins that promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RNA Biol 2020; 17:881-891. [PMID: 32101070 PMCID: PMC7549617 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1734372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOVA (neuro-oncological ventral antigen) protein family, composed of two paralogs, NOVA1 and NOVA2, consists of RNA-binding proteins involving in processes such as alternative splicing and transport of some target mRNAs. The function of NOVA has been well studied, and increasing evidence has shown that NOVA proteins may be important contributors to carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of NOVA proteins in carcinogenesis remain to be determined. Here, we have identified both NOVA1 and NOVA2 as novel β-catenin RNA-binding proteins. The NOVA1/NOVA2 heterodimer positively regulates β-catenin expression by enhancing β-catenin mRNA stability. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NOVA1 and NOVA2 promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via β-catenin in breast cancer cells, as NOVA-induced upregulation of epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression was attenuated by restoring β-catenin expression. Our results advance the current understanding of β-catenin post-transcriptional regulation and shed light on the role of NOVA proteins in cancer, suggesting that NOVA proteins are potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xirong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Liu Y, Li H, Liu F, Gao LB, Han R, Chen C, Ding X, Li S, Lu K, Yang L, Tian HM, Chen BB, Li X, Xu DH, Deng XL, Shi SL. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 is a negative regulator of human breast cancer metastasis by maintaining the balance of multiple genes and pathways. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102583. [PMID: 31901866 PMCID: PMC6948170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is an important RNA-binding protein that affects the RNA processing, splicing, transport and stability of many genes. hnRNPA2/B1 is expressed during proliferation and metastasis of various cancer types and promotes such processes. However, the precise role and mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in breast cancer remain unclear. Methods The association of hnRNPA2/B1 with breast cancer metastasis was assessed using tissue chips, mouse models and publicly available data. The role and mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in breast cancer metastasis were studied in cell lines and mouse models. Findings In contrast to other cancer research findings, hnRNPA2/B1 expression was negatively correlated with breast cancer metastasis. hnRNPA2/B1 inhibited MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. hnRNPA2/B1 knockout activated ERK-MAPK/Twist and GR-beta/TCF4 pathways but inhibited STAT3 and WNT/TCF4 signalling pathways. Profilin 2 (PFN2) promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas hnRNPA2/B1 bound directly to the UAGGG locus in the 3′-untranslated region of PFN2 mRNA and reduced the stability of PFN2 mRNA. Interpretation Our data supported the role of hnRNPA2/B1 in tumour metastasis risk and survival prediction in patients with breast cancer. The inhibitory role of hnRNPA2/B1 in metastasis was a balance of downstream multiple genes and signalling pathways. PFN2 downregulation by hnRNPA2/B1 might partly explain the inhibitory mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in breast cancer metastasis. Therefore, hnRNPA2/B1 might be used as a new prognostic biomarker and valuable molecular target for breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Fan Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Gao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Rong Han
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xue Ding
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Kun Lu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Tian
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Deng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
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27
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Koppers M, Cagnetta R, Shigeoka T, Wunderlich LCS, Vallejo-Ramirez P, Qiaojin Lin J, Zhao S, Jakobs MAH, Dwivedy A, Minett MS, Bellon A, Kaminski CF, Harris WA, Flanagan JG, Holt CE. Receptor-specific interactome as a hub for rapid cue-induced selective translation in axons. eLife 2019; 8:e48718. [PMID: 31746735 PMCID: PMC6894925 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrinsic cues trigger the local translation of specific mRNAs in growing axons via cell surface receptors. The coupling of ribosomes to receptors has been proposed as a mechanism linking signals to local translation but it is not known how broadly this mechanism operates, nor whether it can selectively regulate mRNA translation. We report that receptor-ribosome coupling is employed by multiple guidance cue receptors and this interaction is mRNA-dependent. We find that different receptors associate with distinct sets of mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Cue stimulation of growing Xenopus retinal ganglion cell axons induces rapid dissociation of ribosomes from receptors and the selective translation of receptor-specific mRNAs. Further, we show that receptor-ribosome dissociation and cue-induced selective translation are inhibited by co-exposure to translation-repressive cues, suggesting a novel mode of signal integration. Our findings reveal receptor-specific interactomes and suggest a generalizable model for cue-selective control of the local proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Koppers
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Roberta Cagnetta
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Toshiaki Shigeoka
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucia CS Wunderlich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Pedro Vallejo-Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Qiaojin Lin
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sixian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Maximilian AH Jakobs
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Asha Dwivedy
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael S Minett
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anaïs Bellon
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - William A Harris
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - John G Flanagan
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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28
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Prabhakar K, Rodrίguez CI, Jayanthy AS, Mikheil DM, Bhasker AI, Perera RJ, Setaluri V. Role of miR-214 in regulation of β-catenin and the malignant phenotype of melanoma. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1974-1984. [PMID: 31338875 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in melanocyte biology, especially in the early stages of melanocyte transformation and melanomagenesis. β-catenin, encoded by the gene CTNNB1, is an intracellular signal transducer of Wnt signaling and activates transcription of genes important for cell proliferation and survival. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently activated in melanoma through oncogenic mutations of β-catenin and elevated β-catenin levels are positively correlated with melanoma aggressiveness. Molecular mechanisms that regulate β-catenin expression in melanoma are not fully understood. MicroRNA-214 is known to function as a tumor suppressor by targeting β-catenin in several types of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the regulation of β-catenin by miR-214 and its role in melanoma. We show that β-catenin mRNA levels are negatively correlated with miR-214 in melanoma. However, overexpression of miR-214 paradoxically increased β-catenin protein levels and promoted malignant properties of melanoma cells including resistance to mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi). RNA-seq analysis revealed that melanoma cells predominantly express a β-catenin mRNA isoform lacking miR-214 target site. Using matched miRNA and mRNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis, we identified novel miR-214 targets, ankyrin repeat domain 6 (ANKRD6) and C-terminal binding protein 1 (CTBP1), that are involved in negative regulation of Wnt signaling. Overexpression of miR-214 or knockdown of the novel miR-214 targets, ANKRD6 or CTBP1, increased melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and decreased sensitivity to MAPKi. Our data suggest that in melanoma cells β-catenin is not regulated by miR-214 and the functions of miR-214 in melanoma are mediated partly by regulating proteins involved in attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthana Prabhakar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carlos I Rodrίguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ashika S Jayanthy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dareen M Mikheil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aishwarya Iyer Bhasker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ranjan J Perera
- Sanford-Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
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29
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Sacca PA, Mazza ON, Scorticati C, Vitagliano G, Casas G, Calvo JC. Human Periprostatic Adipose Tissue: Secretome from Patients With Prostate Cancer or Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:29-58. [PMID: 30587498 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) directs tumour behaviour. Microenvironment secretome provides information related to its biology. This study was performed to identify secreted proteins by PPAT, from both prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was performed in PPAT-conditioned media (CM) from patients with prostate cancer (CMs-T) (stage T3: CM-T3, stage T2: CM-T2) or benign disease (CM-BPH). RESULTS The highest number and diversity of proteins was identified in CM-T3. Locomotion was the biological process mainly associated to CMs-T and reproduction to CM-T3. Immune responses were enriched in CMs-T. Extracellular matrix and structural proteins were associated to CMs-T. CM-T3 was enriched in proteins with catalytic activity and CM-T2 in proteins with defense/immunity activity. Metabolism and energy pathways were enriched in CM-T3 and those with immune system functions in CMs-T. Transport proteins were enriched in CM-T2 and CM-BPH. CONCLUSION Proteins and pathways reported in this study could be useful to distinguish stages of disease and may become targets for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alejandra Sacca
- Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Néstor Mazza
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Clínical Hospital "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Scorticati
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Clínical Hospital "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gabriel Casas
- Department of Pathology, Deutsches Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Calvo
- Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Wang K, Li L, Fu L, Yuan Y, Dai H, Zhu T, Zhou Y, Yuan F. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis the Function of RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) and Their Prognostic Value in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:140. [PMID: 30881302 PMCID: PMC6405693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a vital role in the progression of many cancers. Functional investigation of RBPs may contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying tumor initiation, progression, and invasion, therefore providing novel insights into future diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Methods: We downloaded RNA sequencing data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) by UCSC Xena and identified relevant RBPs through an integrated bioinformatics analysis. We then analyzed biological processes of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by DAVID, and established their interaction networks and performed pathway analysis through the STRING database to uncover potential biological effects of these RBPs. We also explored the relationship between these RBPs and the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Results: In the present study, we obtained 1092 breast tumor samples and 113 normal controls. After data analysis, we identified 90 upregulated and 115 downregulated RBPs in breast cancer. GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these significantly changed genes were mainly involved in RNA processing, splicing, localization and RNA silencing, DNA transposition regulation and methylation, alkylation, mitochondrial gene expression, and transcription regulation. In addition, some RBPs were related to histone H3K27 methylation, estrogen response, inflammatory mediators, and translation regulation. Our study also identified five RBPs associated with breast cancer prognosis. Survival analysis found that overexpression of DCAF13, EZR, and MRPL13 showed worse survival, but overexpression of APOBEC3C and EIF4E3 showed better survival. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identified key RBPs of breast cancer through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. These RBPs were involved in a variety of biological and molecular pathways in breast cancer. Furthermore, we identified five RBPs as a potential prognostic biomarker of breast cancer. Our study provided novel insights to understand breast cancer at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongying Dai
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianjin Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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31
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Therapeutic Applications of Targeted Alternative Splicing to Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010075. [PMID: 29283381 PMCID: PMC5796025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of studies has documented the pathological influence of impaired alternative splicing (AS) events on numerous diseases, including cancer. In addition, the generation of alternatively spliced isoforms is frequently noted to result in drug resistance in many cancer therapies. To gain comprehensive insights into the impacts of AS events on cancer biology and therapeutic developments, this paper highlights recent findings regarding the therapeutic routes of targeting alternative-spliced isoforms and splicing regulators to treatment strategies for distinct cancers.
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32
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Munkley J, Livermore K, Rajan P, Elliott DJ. RNA splicing and splicing regulator changes in prostate cancer pathology. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1143-1154. [PMID: 28382513 PMCID: PMC5602090 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in mRNA splice patterns have been associated with key pathological mechanisms in prostate cancer progression. The androgen receptor (abbreviated AR) transcription factor is a major driver of prostate cancer pathology and activated by androgen steroid hormones. Selection of alternative promoters by the activated AR can critically alter gene function by switching mRNA isoform production, including creating a pro-oncogenic isoform of the normally tumour suppressor gene TSC2. A number of androgen-regulated genes generate alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms, including a prostate-specific splice isoform of ST6GALNAC1 mRNA. ST6GALNAC1 encodes a sialyltransferase that catalyses the synthesis of the cancer-associated sTn antigen important for cell mobility. Genetic rearrangements occurring early in prostate cancer development place ERG oncogene expression under the control of the androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 promoter to hijack cell behaviour. This TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene shows different patterns of alternative splicing in invasive versus localised prostate cancer. Alternative AR mRNA isoforms play a key role in the generation of prostate cancer drug resistance, by providing a mechanism through which prostate cancer cells can grow in limited serum androgen concentrations. A number of splicing regulator proteins change expression patterns in prostate cancer and may help drive key stages of disease progression. Up-regulation of SRRM4 establishes neuronal splicing patterns in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. The splicing regulators Sam68 and Tra2β increase expression in prostate cancer. The SR protein kinase SRPK1 that modulates the activity of SR proteins is up-regulated in prostate cancer and has already given encouraging results as a potential therapeutic target in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Karen Livermore
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, England, UK
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, England, UK.
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33
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Dai L, Li J, Tsay JCJ, Yie TA, Munger JS, Pass H, Rom WN, Tan EM, Zhang JY. Identification of autoantibodies to ECH1 and HNRNPA2B1 as potential biomarkers in the early detection of lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017. [PMID: 28638733 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1310359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer (LC) is important, in turn leading to more effective treatment and reduction of mortality. Serological proteome analysis (SERPA) was used to identify proteins around 34 kD as ECH1 and HNRNPA2B1, which had been recognized by serum autoantibody from 25 LC patients. In the validation study, including 90 sera from LC patients and 89 sera from normal individuals, autoantibody to ECH1 achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.799 with sensitivity of 62.2% and specificity of 95.5% in discriminating LC from normal individuals, and showed negative correlation with tumor size (rs = -0.256, p = 0.023). Autoantibody to HNRNPA2B1 performed an AUC of 0.874 with sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 95.5%, and showed negative correlation with lymph node metastasis (rs = -0.279, p = 0.012). By using longitudinal preclinical samples, autoantibody to ECH1 showed an AUC of 0.763 with sensitivity of 60.0% and specificity of 89.3% in distinguishing early stage LC from matched normal controls, and elevated autoantibody levels could be detected greater than 2 y before LC diagnosis. ECH1 and HNRNPA2B1 are autoantigens that elicit autoimmune responses in LC and their autoantibody can be the potential biomarkers for the early detection of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Dai
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jitian Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Chieh J Tsay
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting-An Yie
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John S Munger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - William N Rom
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eng M Tan
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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34
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Zhang J, Kong L, Guo S, Bu M, Guo Q, Xiong Y, Zhu N, Qiu C, Yan X, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zhuang J, Wang Q, Zhang SS, Shen Y, Chen M. hnRNPs and ELAVL1 cooperate with uORFs to inhibit protein translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:2849-2864. [PMID: 27789685 PMCID: PMC5389705 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of our knowledge about translation regulatory mechanisms comes from studies on lower organisms. However, the translation control system of higher organisms is less understood. Here we find that in 5΄ untranslated region (5΄UTR) of human Annexin II receptor (AXIIR) mRNA, there are two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) acting in a fail-safe manner to inhibit the translation from the main AUG. These uORFs are unfavorable for re-initiation after termination of uORF translation. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1), hnRNPA0 and ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) bind to the 5΄UTR of AXIIR mRNA. They focus the translation of uORFs on uORF1 and attenuate leaky scanning that bypasses uORFs. The cooperation between the two uORFs and the three proteins formed a multiple fail-safe system that tightly inhibits the translation of downstream AXIIR. Such cooperation between multiple molecules and elements reflects that higher organism develops a complex translation regulatory system to achieve accurate and flexible gene expression control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lijuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Sichao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xuejing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Junling Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Samuel S Zhang
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PN 17033, USA
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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35
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The impact of RNA binding motif protein 4-regulated splicing cascade on the progression and metabolism of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38046-60. [PMID: 26506517 PMCID: PMC4741983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated splicing of pre-messenger (m)RNA is considered a molecular occasion of carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is complex and remains to be investigated. Herein, we report that the upregulated miR-92a reduced the RNA-binding motif 4 (RBM4) protein expression, leading to the imbalanced expression of the neuronal polypyrimidine tract-binding (nPTB) protein through alternative splicing-coupled nonsense mediated decay (NMD) mechanism. Increase in nPTB protein enhances the relative level of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 IIIc (FGFR2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) transcripts which contribute to the progression and metabolic signature of CRC cells. Expression profiles of RBM4 and downstream alternative splicing events are consistently observed in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. These results constitute a mechanistic understanding of RBM4 on repressing the carcinogenesis of colorectal cells.
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36
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Alternative splicing within the Wnt signaling pathway: role in cancer development. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:1-13. [PMID: 26762488 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt signaling cascade plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, adult tissue regeneration, homeostasis and stem cell maintenance. Abnormal Wnt signaling has been found to be prevalent in various human cancers. Also, a role of Wnt signaling in the regulation of alternative splicing of several cancer-related genes has been established. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests the existence of multiple splice isoforms of Wnt signaling cascade components, including Wnt ligands, receptors, components of the destruction complex and transcription activators/suppressors. The presence of multiple Wnt signaling-related isoforms may affect the functionality of the Wnt pathway, including its deregulation in cancer. As such, specific Wnt pathway isoform components may serve as therapeutic targets or as biomarkers for certain human cancers. Here, we review the role of alternative splicing of Wnt signaling components during the onset and progression of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Splice isoforms of components of the Wnt signaling pathway play distinct roles in cancer development. Isoforms of the same component may function in a tissue- and/or cancer-specific manner. Splice isoform expression analyses along with deregulated Wnt signaling pathway analyses may be of help to design efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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37
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Stockley J, Markert E, Zhou Y, Robson CN, Elliott DJ, Lindberg J, Leung HY, Rajan P. The RNA-binding protein Sam68 regulates expression and transcription function of the androgen receptor splice variant AR-V7. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13426. [PMID: 26310125 PMCID: PMC4550848 DOI: 10.1038/srep13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant (CR) prostate cancer (PCa) partly arises due to persistence of androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity in the absence of cognate ligand. An emerging mechanism underlying the CRPCa phenotype and predicting response to therapy is the expression of the constitutively-active AR-V7 splice variant generated by AR cryptic exon 3b inclusion. Here, we explore the role of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Sam68 (encoded by KHDRBS1), which is over-expressed in clinical PCa, on AR-V7 expression and transcription function. Using a minigene reporter, we show that Sam68 controls expression of exon 3b resulting in an increase in endogenous AR-V7 mRNA and protein expression in RNA-binding-dependent manner. We identify a novel protein-protein interaction between Sam68 and AR-V7 mediated by a common domain shared with full-length AR, and observe these proteins in the cell nucleoplasm. Using a luciferase reporter, we demonstrate that Sam68 co-activates ligand-independent AR-V7 transcriptional activity in an RNA-binding-independent manner, and controls expression of the endogenous AR-V7-specific gene target UBE2C. Our data suggest that Sam68 has separable effects on the regulation of AR-V7 expression and transcriptional activity, through its RNA-binding capacity. Sam68 and other RBPs may control expression of AR-V7 and other splice variants as well as their downstream functions in CRPCa.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Alternative Splicing/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Exons/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elke Markert
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yan Zhou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig N. Robson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - David J. Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hing Y. Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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