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CDC42EP3 promotes colorectal cancer through regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell migration. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33726765 PMCID: PMC7962261 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors worldwide, the incidence rate of which is still increasing year by year. Herein, the objective of this study is to investigate whether CDC42EP3 has regulatory effects in CRC. Methods First, CDC42EP3 knockdown cell model based on HCT116 and RKO cell lines was successfully constructed, which was further used for constructing mouse xenotransplantation models. Importantly, effects of CDC42EP3 knockdown on proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, and migration of CRC were accessed by MTT assay, EdU staining assay, colony formation assay, Flow cytometry, and Transwell assay. Results As the results, we showed that CDC42EP3 was significantly upregulated in CRC, and its high expression was associated with tumor progression. Furthermore, knockdown of CDC42EP3 could inhibit proliferation, colony formation and migration, and promote apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. In vivo results further confirmed knockdown of CDC42EP3 attenuated tumor growth in CRC. Interestingly, the regulation of CRC by CDC42EP3 involved not only the change of a variety of apoptosis-related proteins, but also the regulation of downstream signaling pathway. Conclusion In conclusion, the role of CDC42EP3 in CRC was clarified and showed its potential as a target of innovative therapeutic approaches for CRC.
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Zhang X, Huang W, Chen X, Lian Y, Wang J, Cai C, Huang L, Wang T, Ren J, Xiang AP. CXCR5-Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exhibit Enhanced Homing and Can Decrease Contact Hypersensitivity. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1434-1447. [PMID: 28454789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can modulate inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration and, thus, have emerged as a promising option for cell-based therapy. However, the ability of MSCs to migrate to injured tissues still needs to be improved. In this study, we investigated whether genetically engineered MSCs could exhibit increased migratory properties and improved therapeutic efficacy. Using a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), chemokine gene expression screening revealed that CXCL13 changed most significantly in injured tissue. Unfortunately, MSCs hardly express the corresponding receptor, CXCR5. Thus, CXCR5-overexpressing MSCs (MSCCXCR5) were generated that retained their abilities of proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Furthermore, MSCCXCR5 showed significantly increased migrating ability toward CXCL13. Importantly, systemic infusion of MSCCXCR5 dramatically suppressed CHS in mice, as evidenced by decreased levels of inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Numerous MSCCXCR5 migrated into inflamed ears, localized with T cells, inhibited T cell proliferation, promoted T cell apoptosis, and suppressed the production of T cell-derived pro-inflammatory factors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CXCR5 overexpression increases the ability of MSCs to respond to migratory stimuli and highly intensifies their immunomodulatory effects in vivo. This strategy for enhancing targeted stem/progenitor cell homing may improve the efficacy of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yufan Lian
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuang Cai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Zhan R, Yang S, He W, Wang F, Tan J, Zhou J, Yang S, Yao Z, Wu J, Luo G. Nitric oxide enhances keratinocyte cell migration by regulating Rho GTPase via cGMP-PKG signalling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121551. [PMID: 25799230 PMCID: PMC4370851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to improve wound healing, but the mechanism underlying this function is not well defined. Here, we explored the effect of NO on the migration of a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and its possible mechanism. Methods The effects of NO on HaCaT cells in the presence of different concentrations of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated in a cell migration assay. Subsequently, the cytoskeleton reorganization of cultured HaCaT cells stained with rhodamine-phalloidin was observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The mRNA expression and active proteins of CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA in the cultured cells were determined via RT-PCR and pull-down assays, respectively. Furthermore, the roles of various inhibitors or agonists specific to cGMP, PKG and CDC42, Rac1, RhoA in the effects of NO on HaCaT cell migration, F-actin stress fibre formation, and Rho GTPase expression were observed. Results It was also found HaCaT cell migration was increased by SNP in a dose-dependent manner, and the other two NO donors either spermine NONOate or SNAP had almost the same effects on HaCat cell migrations. The formation of F-actin stress fibres in SNP-treated HaCaT cells was increased. The mRNA expression and the active proteins of CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA were found to be upregulated after SNP treatment. Similar effects were observed after the cells were treated with a cGMP or PKG agonist. Additionally, the SNP-mediated upregulation of the mRNA expression and the active proteins of CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA were inhibited by the addition of an inhibitor of cGMP or PKG. Moreover, the SNP-mediated promoting effects of migration and cytoskeleton reorganization were inhibited by treatment with inhibitors of cGMP, PKG, CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA respectively. Conclusion Our data indicated that the stimulatory effects of NO on cell migration of HaCaT cells are mediated by the cGMP signalling pathway via the upregulation of Rho-GTPase expression, which might promote cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Yao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (GL)
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (GL)
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Usatyuk PV, Burns M, Mohan V, Pendyala S, He D, Ebenezer DL, Harijith A, Fu P, Huang LS, Bear JE, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V. Coronin 1B regulates S1P-induced human lung endothelial cell chemotaxis: role of PLD2, protein kinase C and Rac1 signal transduction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63007. [PMID: 23667561 PMCID: PMC3648575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronins are a highly conserved family of actin binding proteins that regulate actin-dependent processes such as cell motility and endocytosis. We found that treatment of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) with the bioactive lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) rapidly stimulates coronin 1B translocation to lamellipodia at the cell leading edge, which is required for S1P-induced chemotaxis. Further, S1P-induced chemotaxis of HPAECs was attenuated by pretreatment with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting coronin 1B (∼36%), PLD2 (∼45%) or Rac1 (∼50%) compared to scrambled siRNA controls. Down regulation PLD2 expression by siRNA also attenuated S1P-induced coronin 1B translocation to the leading edge of the cell periphery while PLD1 silencing had no effect. Also, S1P-induced coronin 1B redistribution to cell periphery and chemotaxis was attenuated by inhibition of Rac1 and over-expression of dominant negative PKC δ, ε and ζ isoforms in HPAECs. These results demonstrate that S1P activation of PLD2, PKC and Rac1 is part of the signaling cascade that regulates coronin 1B translocation to the cell periphery and the ensuing cell chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Usatyuk
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Li Z, Janosi L, Gorfe AA. Formation and domain partitioning of H-ras peptide nanoclusters: effects of peptide concentration and lipid composition. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17278-85. [PMID: 22994893 PMCID: PMC3479155 DOI: 10.1021/ja307716z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experiments have shown that homologous Ras proteins containing different lipid modification, which is required for membrane binding, form nonoverlapping nanoclusters on the plasma membrane. However, the physical basis for clustering and lateral organization remains poorly understood. We have begun to tackle this issue using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the H-ras lipid anchor (tH), a triply lipid-modified heptapeptide embedded in a domain-forming mixed lipid bilayer [Janosi L. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109, 8097]. Here we use the same simulation approach to investigate the effect of peptide concentration and bilayer composition on the clustering and lateral distribution of tH. We found no major difference in the clustering behavior of tH above a certain concentration. However, the simulations predict the existence of a critical concentration below which tH does not form nanoclusters. Moreover, our data demonstrate that cholesterol enhances the stability of tH nanoclusters but is not required for their formation. Finally, analyses of peptide distributions and partition free energies allowed us to quantitatively describe how clustering facilitates the accumulation of tH at the interface between ordered and disordered domains of the simulated bilayer systems. These thermodynamic insights represent some of the key elements for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis for the formation and stability of Ras signaling platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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