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Hussein MH, Sobhy KE, Sabry IM, El Serafi AT, Toraih EA. Beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene haplotypes and bronchodilator response in Egyptian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:193-201. [PMID: 28327457 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multi-factorial disorder caused by environmental determinants and genetic risk factors. Understanding the genetic predisposition of COPD is essential to develop personalized treatment regimens. Beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obstructive pulmonary diseases. This study was conducted to assess the genetic association between Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms and COPD in the Egyptian patients, and to analyze their impact on the clinical outcome and therapeutic response. PATIENTS/METHODS The study population included 115 participants (61 COPD patients and 54 healthy controls) were genotyped for the Arg16Gly (rs1042713) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714) polymorphisms. Pulmonary function test was done and repeated in patients after salbutamol inhalation. RESULTS The Gly16 and Gln27 alleles represented 57% and 70% of the whole study population, and only 3 haplotypes were detected; Arg16/Gln27, Gly16/Gln27, and Gly16/Glu27. Genotypes and haplotypes homozygous for Arg16 and Gln27 were more likely to develop COPD (p<0.05). However, individuals carrying Glu27 allele conferred protection against COPD development (p=0.002). Furthermore, Arg16 genotypes and haplotypes were significantly associated with higher grades of dyspnea, more COPD symptoms and frequent exacerbations. In contrast, patients carrying Glu27 allele had better bronchial airway responsiveness to β2-agonists. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the ADRB2 gene polymorphisms may have vital role in COPD risk, severity, and bronchodilator response among Egyptian population. Larger epidemiological studies are needed for results validation.
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Xiang L, Rehm KE, Sunesara I, Griswold M, Marshall GD. Gene polymorphisms of stress hormone and cytokine receptors associate with immunomodulatory profile and psychological measurement. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:438-444. [PMID: 25434615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify whether stable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various endocrine and immune molecules could be used as biomarkers associated with specific immune alterations and chronic stress measures in normal humans. METHODS A total of 207 volunteer participants answered stress questionnaire and gave peripheral blood cells for identification of SNPs in genes coding for glucocorticoid receptor (GR), beta 2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR), interferon-gamma receptors (IFNGR1, IFNGR2), and interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R). Immunoregulatory profiles were measured by flow cytometry and genotyping assays were performed by allelic discrimination real-time PCR. RESULTS Several significant differences were revealed in associations between stress marker and immune indicators based on SNP categories. For instance, Th1 levels of the minor alleles of GR TthIIII (AA) and IFNGR2 Q64R (Arg/Arg) groups were positively associated with chronic stress (PSS) (p = 0.024 and 0.005, respectively) compared with wild type (WT) and negatively associated with PSS in the heterozygous genotypes of GR BclI and IL4R Ile50Val (p = 0.040 and p = 0.052, respectively). Treg levels of the minor alleles of BclI (GG) and IFNGR1 T-56C (CC) groups were positively associated with PSS (p = 0.045 and p = 0.010, respectively) and negatively associated in the minor allele (Val/Val) of IL4R Ile50Va and the heterozygous genotype of IL4R Q576R (p = 0.041 and p = 0.017, respectively) compared to WT. CONCLUSION The data support the notion that gene polymorphisms from various components of the psychoneuroendocrine-immune network may be useful as biomarkers to categorize individual stress-associated immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alleles
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genotype
- Humans
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Male
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Kristina E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Imran Sunesara
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael Griswold
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D Marshall
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common conditions seen in clinical practice and carries both a significant disease burden in terms of patient morbidity and a high economic burden in both direct and indirect costs. Despite this, it remains a comparatively poorly understood disease, with only modest advances in treatment over the past decade. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of therapy. Both patient compliance with medications and physician adherence to evidence-based guidelines are often poor, and a high percentage of patients continue to have inadequately controlled disease even with optimal therapy. Following a contextual overview of the current treatment guidelines, this review focuses on novel asthma therapies, beginning with the introduction of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast in the 1990s, continuing through advanced endoscopic therapy and into cytokine-directed biologic agents currently in development. Along with clinically relevant biochemistry and pharmacology, the evidence supporting the place of these therapies in current guidelines will be highlighted along with data comparing these agents with more conventional treatment. A brief discussion of other drugs, such as those developed for unrelated conditions and subsequently examined as potential asthma therapies, is included.
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Hsu KJ, Turvey SE. Functional analysis of the impact of ORMDL3 expression on inflammation and activation of the unfolded protein response in human airway epithelial cells. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2013; 9:4. [PMID: 23369242 PMCID: PMC3651386 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gene ORMDL3 was shown to be associated with early-onset asthma susceptibility in multiple independent genome-wide and candidate-gene association studies. Asthmatic patients have elevated expression levels of this gene. ORMDL3 encodes a transmembrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that may be involved in ER stress and inflammation. It is essential to validate the genetic associations linking ORMDL3 with asthma through functional studies that confirm the biological relevance of this gene in disease. We investigated the effects of manipulating ORMDL3 expression levels in vitro in airway cells on innate immune inflammatory responses, ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Methods ORMDL3 expression levels were manipulated in airway cells using an overexpression plasmid and siRNA technologies. Successful modulation of ORMDL3 was confirmed at both the gene and protein level. The functional impact of modulation of ORMDL3 expression levels on inflammatory responses and activation of the UPR were quantified using complementary cellular and molecular immunology techniques. Results Cells with altered ORMDL3 levels responded equally well to innate immune stimuli and produced similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to wild-type cells. Treatment with ER stress inducers, thapsigargin and tunicamycin, resulted in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, we observed no difference in UPR activation in cells with ORMDL3 knockdown compared to cells with normal ORMDL3 levels. Conclusions Our results suggest that ORMDL3 variation in the airway epithelium is unlikely to play a significant role in modulating innate immune responses and the UPR in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolynn J Hsu
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Poziomkowska-Gesicka I, Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Dzieciolowska-Baran E, Teul I, Adler G, Ciechanowicz A, Kurek M. β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Response to Bronchodilating Treatment Evaluated by Spirometry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 755:169-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4546-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Singh SR, Sullo N, D'Agostino B, Brightling CE, Lambert DG. The effects of nociceptin peptide (N/OFQ)-receptor (NOP) system activation in the airways. Peptides 2013; 39:36-46. [PMID: 23123316 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The heptadecapeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous ligand for the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor. It is cleaved from a larger precursor identified as prepronociceptin (ppN/OFQ). NOP is a member of the seven transmembrane-spanning G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. ppN/OFQ and NOP receptors are widely distributed in different human tissues. Asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and chronic airway inflammation. Limited therapeutic effectiveness of currently available asthma therapies warrants identification of new drug compounds. Evidence from animal studies suggests that N/OFQ modulates airway contraction and inflammation. Interestingly up regulation of the N/OFQ-NOP system reduces airway hyper-responsiveness. In contrast, inflammatory cells central to the inflammatory response in asthma may be both sources of N/OFQ and respond to NOP activation. Hence paradoxical dysregulation of the N/OFQ-NOP system may potentially play an important role in regulating airway inflammation and airway tone. To date there is no data on N/OFQ-NOP expression in the human airways. Therefore, the potential role of N/OFQ-NOP system in asthma is unknown. This review focuses on its physiological effects within airways and potential value as a novel asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra R Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group), Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
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Powanda MC, Moyer ED. Some applications of pharmacogenomics and epigenetics in drug development and use in pursuit of personalized medicine. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 20:245-50. [PMID: 22773313 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine has become the most recent mantra of the pharmaceutical industry. While truly affordable bespoke drugs may never be totally achievable, pharmacogenomics and epigenetics will play significant roles in developing targeted therapy tailored to subpopulations of disease sufferers most likely to benefit. Personalized medicine is a very attractive concept, but an extremely difficult reality to achieve due to theoretical and practical considerations. Foremost among the theoretical reasons is our dearth of knowledge of individual physiology and metabolism, as well as the interactions of genetics and environment in the development of most diseases. Amongst the practical reasons, there is the cost of new drug development, considered to be about 800 million to one billion dollars (J Health Econ 22:151-185, DiMasi et al. 2003; Health Econ 19:130-141, Adams and Vu Brantner 2010) and the fact that many drugs now on the market do display reasonable efficacy in large segments of the population with acceptable side effects. Thus, the market for "personalized" drugs may not be large enough to support the costs of development. Another factor is the limitations put on healthcare by governments and insurance companies which promote the use of generics rather than the creation of new chemical entities. Finally, there are the social and ethical considerations of turning individual biology into noughts and ones with the possibility of such information becoming public and/or being used to constrain the way one lives or the care one receives (Nat Rev Drug Discov 1:300-308, Issa 2002). That said, to the degree that personalized medicine does become possible, pharmacogenomics and epigenetics will play significant roles in drug development and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Powanda
- M/P Biomedical Consultants LLC, 402 Live Oak Drive, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA.
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Rehm KE, Xiang L, Elci OU, Griswold M, Marshall GD. Variability in laboratory immune parameters is associated with stress hormone receptor polymorphisms. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:220-8. [PMID: 22441538 DOI: 10.1159/000334711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interpretation of laboratory immune data in healthy human subjects is often challenging due to wide inter-subject variability. Since endocrine and immune mediators have been mutually interlinked, a potential explanation for the significant variability seen in immune data even when controlled for technical variability and demographics is differences in the binding affinity of ligand with hormone receptors on the surface of immune cells, which can be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). METHODS We categorized immunoregulatory cellular profiles from PBMC of 207 healthy volunteers according to glucocorticoid receptor (GR: Bcl1, TthIIII, and A3669G) and β₂-adrenergic receptor (β2AR: Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu) polymorphisms. Subjects were genotyped for each SNP, and Th1, Th2, Th1/Th2 ratio, regulatory T cell (T(reg)), Tr1, and Th3 cell numbers were assessed. Immune parameters in the SNP groups were compared to the wild type (WT). RESULTS Significant differences were observed in Th2 and the Th1/Th2 ratio for the β2AR SNP Gly16Arg. Th1, the Th1/Th2 ratio, and Tr1 differed significantly by SNP of Gln27Glu. In addition, the effect of age on Th2 and the effect of the body mass index on the Th1/Th2 ratio significantly differed across subtypes of the Gly16Arg SNP. Significant differences based on allergic status and gender were also seen for T(reg), Th1, and Th2 across Gly16Arg, Gln27Glu, and TthIIII SNP. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SNP from various components of the stress-immune network may be useful for subgrouping of immune responses to more accurately categorize psychoneuroimmunological components of stress risk in individual subjects. This approach may have significant research and clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss., USA
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Alvarez C, Amaral MM, Langellotti C, Vermeulen M. Leukotriene C(4) prevents the complete maturation of murine dendritic cells and modifies interleukin-12/interleukin-23 balance. Immunology 2011; 134:185-97. [PMID: 21896013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene C(4) is an important mediator in the development of inflammatory reactions and ischaemia. Previous studies have shown that leukotriene C(4) is able to modulate the function of dendritic cells (DCs) and induce their chemotaxis from skin to lymph node. In this study, we decided to evaluate the modulation exerted by leukotriene C(4) on DCs, depending on their status of activation. We showed for the first time that leukotriene C(4) stimulates endocytosis both in immature and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated DCs. Moreover, it suppressed the interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) release, but induces the secretion of IL-23 by DCs activated with LPS and promotes the expansion of T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes. Furthermore, blocking the release of IL-23 reduced the percentages of CD4(+) T cells producing IL-17 in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Ours results suggest that leukotriene C(4) interferes with the complete maturation of inflammatory DCs in terms of phenotype and antigen uptake, while favouring the release of IL-23, the main cytokine involved in the maintenance of the Th17 profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alvarez
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Haematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bhat KD, Calhoun WJ. Symptom-adjusted therapy in asthma: it is time to listen to our patients. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2011; 7:259-61. [PMID: 21595590 DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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