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Jayatissa H, Avila ML, Rehm KE, Mohr P, Meisel Z, Chen J, Hoffman CR, Liang J, Müller-Gatermann C, Neto D, Ong WJ, Psaltis A, Santiago-Gonzalez D, Tang TL, Ugalde C, Wilson G. Study of the ^{22}Mg Waiting Point Relevant for X-Ray Burst Nucleosynthesis via the ^{22}Mg(α,p)^{25}Al Reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:112701. [PMID: 37774292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The ^{22}Mg(α,p)^{25}Al reaction rate has been identified as a major source of uncertainty for understanding the nucleosynthesis flow in Type-I x-ray bursts. We report a direct measurement of the energy- and angle-integrated cross sections of this reaction in a 3.3-6.9 MeV center-of-mass energy range using the MUlti-Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC). The new ^{22}Mg(α,p)^{25}Al reaction rate is a factor of ∼4 higher than the previous direct measurement of this reaction within temperatures relevant for x-ray bursts, resulting in the ^{22}Mg waiting point of x-ray burst nucleosynthesis flow to be significantly bypassed via the (α,p) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jayatissa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M L Avila
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Mohr
- Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), P.O. Box 51, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - Z Meisel
- Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J Chen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - C Müller-Gatermann
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Neto
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - W J Ong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Psaltis
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | | | - T L Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Ugalde
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - G Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Kinoshita N, Paul M, Kashiv Y, Collon P, Deibel CM, DiGiovine B, Greene JP, Jiang CL, Marley ST, Pardo RC, Rehm KE, Robertson D, Scott R, Schmitt C, Tang XD, Vondrasek R, Yokoyama A. Retraction. Science 2023; 379:1307. [PMID: 36996231 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh7739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kinoshita
- Shimizu Corporation Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Paul
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Kashiv
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - P Collon
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - C M Deibel
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - B DiGiovine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J P Greene
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - S T Marley
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D Robertson
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - R Scott
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - C Schmitt
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - X D Tang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - A Yokoyama
- Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Tessler M, Paul M, Halfon S, Meyer BS, Pardo R, Purtschert R, Rehm KE, Scott R, Weigand M, Weissman L, Almaraz-Calderon S, Avila ML, Baggenstos D, Collon P, Hazenshprung N, Kashiv Y, Kijel D, Kreisel A, Reifarth R, Santiago-Gonzalez D, Shor A, Silverman I, Talwar R, Veltum D, Vondrasek R. Stellar ^{36,38}Ar(n,γ)^{37,39}Ar Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:112701. [PMID: 30265109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ^{36}Ar(n,γ)^{37}Ar (t_{1/2}=35 d) and ^{38}Ar(n,γ)^{39}Ar (269 yr) reactions were studied for the first time with a quasi-Maxwellian (kT∼47 keV) neutron flux for Maxwellian average cross section (MACS) measurements at stellar energies. Gas samples were irradiated at the high-intensity Soreq applied research accelerator facility-liquid-lithium target neutron source and the ^{37}Ar/^{36}Ar and ^{39}Ar/^{38}Ar ratios in the activated samples were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry at the ATLAS facility (Argonne National Laboratory). The ^{37}Ar activity was also measured by low-level counting at the University of Bern. Experimental MACS of ^{36}Ar and ^{38}Ar, corrected to the standard 30 keV thermal energy, are 1.9(3) and 1.3(2) mb, respectively, differing from the theoretical and evaluated values published to date by up to an order of magnitude. The neutron-capture cross sections of ^{36,38}Ar are relevant to the stellar nucleosynthesis of light neutron-rich nuclides; the two experimental values are shown to affect the calculated mass fraction of nuclides in the region A=36-48 during the weak s process. The new production cross sections have implications also for the use of ^{37}Ar and ^{39}Ar as environmental tracers in the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tessler
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - M Paul
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - B S Meyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - R Pardo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Purtschert
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - K E Rehm
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Scott
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Weigand
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | | | | | - M L Avila
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Baggenstos
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Collon
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | | - Y Kashiv
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Kijel
- Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | | | - R Reifarth
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - D Santiago-Gonzalez
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Shor
- Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | | | - R Talwar
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Veltum
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Abstract
Psychological stress is a known immunomodulator. In individuals with HIV, depression, the most common manifestation of increased psychological stress, can affect immune function with lower CD4+ T cell counts correlating with higher levels of depression. It is unknown how other forms of psychological stress can impact immune markers in people living with HIV. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine how CD4+ T cell subpopulations correlated with different forms of psychological stress. We recruited 50 HIV-positive women as part of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We assessed perceived stress, worry, acute anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression through self-report questionnaires and CD4+ T cell subpopulations using flow cytometry. Our sample was 96% African-American with a mean ± SD age and body mass index of 42 ± 8.8 years and 36.6 ± 11.5 kg/m2, respectively. The mean ± SD scores on the psychological measures were as follows: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), 16.5 ± 6.4; Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), 47.7 ± 13.8; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State (STAIS), 39.1 ± 12.3; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait (STAIT), 40.2 ± 11.4; Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), 15.6 ± 11.4. The mean + SD values for the immune parameters were as follows: regulatory T cells (Treg), 1.25% ± 0.7; T helper 1 (Th1), 14.9% ± 6.1; T helper 2 (Th2), 3.8% ± 2; Th1/Th2 ratio, 4.6 ± 3; and CD4+ T cell count (cells/mm3), 493 ± 251. Treg levels positively correlated with PSS, STAIS, and STAIT. CD4+ T cell count negatively correlated with PSS, PSWQ, STAIS, STAIT, and CES-D. These data suggest that immune function may be impacted by various forms of psychological stress in HIV-positive women. Interventions that target stress reduction may be useful in improving immune parameters and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E. Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St Suite N416, Jackson, MS, 39216
| | - Deborah Konkle-Parker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216
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Almaraz-Calderon S, Rehm KE, Gerken N, Avila ML, Kay BP, Talwar R, Ayangeakaa AD, Bottoni S, Chen AA, Deibel CM, Dickerson C, Hanselman K, Hoffman CR, Jiang CL, Kuvin SA, Nusair O, Pardo RC, Santiago-Gonzalez D, Sethi J, Ugalde C. Study of the ^{26}Al^{m}(d,p)^{27}Al Reaction and the Influence of the ^{26}Al 0^{+} Isomer on the Destruction of ^{26}Al in the Galaxy. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:072701. [PMID: 28949677 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The existence of ^{26}Al (t_{1/2}=7.17×10^{5} yr) in the interstellar medium provides a direct confirmation of ongoing nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. The presence of a low-lying 0^{+} isomer (^{26}Al^{m}), however, severely complicates the astrophysical calculations. We present for the first time a study of the ^{26}Al^{m}(d,p)^{27}Al reaction using an isomeric ^{26}Al beam. The selectivity of this reaction allowed the study of ℓ=0 transfers to T=1/2, and T=3/2 states in ^{27}Al. Mirror symmetry arguments were then used to constrain the ^{26}Al^{m}(p,γ)^{27}Si reaction rate and provide an experimentally determined upper limit of the rate for the destruction of isomeric ^{26}Al via radiative proton capture reactions, which is expected to dominate the destruction path of ^{26}Al^{m} in asymptotic giant branch stars, classical novae, and core collapse supernovae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Almaraz-Calderon
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - N Gerken
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - M L Avila
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Talwar
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A D Ayangeakaa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Bottoni
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A A Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - C M Deibel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - C Dickerson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Hanselman
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S A Kuvin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - O Nusair
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Santiago-Gonzalez
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Sethi
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Ugalde
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Rehm KE, Konkle-Parker D. Physical Activity Levels And Perceived Exercise Benefits And Barriers In Hiv+ Women Living In Mississippi. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487096.11571.0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rehm KE, Sunesara I, Tull MT, Marshall GD. Psychological stress moderates the relationship between running volume and CD4+ T cell subpopulations. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:449-457. [PMID: 27358131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endurance-based exercise training can lead to alterations in components of the immune system, but it is unknown how psychological stress (another potent immunomodulator) may impact these changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the moderating role of psychological stress on exercise-induced immune changes. Twenty-nine recreational runners were recruited for this study four weeks before completing a marathon. Each subject reported: weekly training volume (miles/wk) for the week prior to the study visit; completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ); and donated blood for assessment of CD4+ T cell subpopulations and mitogen-induced cytokine production. Participants ran an average of 30 (±13.4) miles (1 mile=1.6 km) per week. Average values (SD) for immune biomarkers were: regulatory T cells (Treg), 3.2% (±1.2%); type 1 regulatory cells (Tr1), 27.1% (±8.3%); T helper 3 (Th3), 1.8% (±0.7%); interferon gamma (IFNγ), 3.1 pg/ml (±1.0); interleukin (IL)-4, 1.4 pg/ml (±1.1); IFNγ/IL-4, 8.6 (±1.2); IL-10, 512 pg/ml (±288). There was a significant relationship between running volume and both Treg cell numbers (slope of the regression line (β)=0.05, p less than 0.001) and IL-10 production β=-10.6, p=0.002), and there was a trending relationship between running volume and Tr1 cell numbers (β=-0.2%, p=0.064). Perceived stress was a trending moderator of the running volume-Treg relationship, whereas worry was a significant moderator of the running volume-IFNγ and running volume-IFNγ/IL-4 relationships. These data indicate that various forms of psychological stress can impact endurance exercise-based changes in certain immune biomarkers. These changes may reflect an increased susceptibility to clinical risks in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - I Sunesara
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - M T Tull
- Lab. of Behavioral Immunology Research, Div. of Clinic. Immunology and Allergy, Univ. of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Division of Psychology, Dept. of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Univ. of Mississippi Medical Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - G D Marshall
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Rehm KE, Konkle-Parker D. Physical activity levels and perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity in HIV-infected women living in the deep south of the United States. AIDS Care 2016; 28:1205-10. [PMID: 27023306 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1164802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) is important in maintaining health and increasing the overall quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH). The deep south of the USA is known for its high rate of sedentary behavior although data on the activity levels and perceptions of the benefits and barriers to exercise in women living with HIV in the deep south are lacking. Understanding the perceived benefits and barriers to exercise can guide the development of PA interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the PA levels and perceived benefits and barriers to exercise associated with both age and depression level in a group of HIV+ women living in the deep south. We recruited a total of 50 participants from a cohort site for the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and benefits/barriers to exercise were measured using the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS). We measured PA both subjectively and objectively using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a Fitbit PA monitor, respectively. Our sample was predominantly African-American (96%) and the mean ±SD age, body mass index, and CES-D score were 42 ± 8.8 years, 36.6 ± 11.5 kg/m(2), and 15.6 ± 11.4, respectively. Both subjective and objective measures of PA indicated that our participants were sedentary. The greatest perceived benefit to exercise was physical performance and the greatest barrier to exercise was physical exertion. Higher overall perceived benefits were reported by women ≥43 years and women reporting higher levels of depression. There was no difference in overall barriers associated with age and depression level, but women with depression felt more fatigued by exercise. The results of this study can be helpful when designing and implementing PA interventions in women living with HIV in the deep south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- a Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy , University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA
| | - Deborah Konkle-Parker
- b Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA
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10
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Xiang L, Sunesara I, Rehm KE, Marshall GD. Hair Cortisol Concentrations Are Associated with Hair Growth Rate. Neuroimmunomodulation 2016; 23:287-294. [PMID: 28249276 DOI: 10.1159/000455867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in hair cortisol concentrations as a valuable biomarker for the assessment of metabolic diseases and chronic psychological stress. Fifty-three volunteers were recruited, and hair segments proximal to the scalp were collected from each individual. A cost-effective ball mill was used for the preparation of hair samples, and ELISA was performed to analyze cortisol concentrations. Results indicate that the frequency of hair washing affects the hair cortisol concentration. The group that washed their hair every day had significantly lower cortisol concentrations than the group that washed it less often. However, no significant differences were detected between cosmetic-treated and nontreated hair samples. The study also shows that hair cortisol concentrations in the first 3 cm of hair segments proximal to the scalp corresponded to average hair growth rate based on 1 cm/month. Thus, hair cortisol concentrations of segments 3 cm proximal to the scalp may represent cumulative stress exposure over the previous 3 months. These findings will allow more widespread research to validate the utility of hair cortisol as a potential biomarker to assess chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Almaraz-Calderon S, Bertone PF, Alcorta M, Albers M, Deibel CM, Hoffman CR, Jiang CL, Marley ST, Rehm KE, Ugalde C. Erratum: Direct Measurement of the (23)Na(α,p)(26)Mg Reaction Cross Section at Energies Relevant for the Production of Galactic (26)Al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 152701 (2014)]. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:179901. [PMID: 26551146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.179901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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12
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Xiang L, Rehm KE, Sunesara I, Griswold M, Marshall GD. Gene polymorphisms of stress hormone and cytokine receptors associate with immunomodulatory profile and psychological measurement. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:438-444. [PMID: 25434615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify whether stable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various endocrine and immune molecules could be used as biomarkers associated with specific immune alterations and chronic stress measures in normal humans. METHODS A total of 207 volunteer participants answered stress questionnaire and gave peripheral blood cells for identification of SNPs in genes coding for glucocorticoid receptor (GR), beta 2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR), interferon-gamma receptors (IFNGR1, IFNGR2), and interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R). Immunoregulatory profiles were measured by flow cytometry and genotyping assays were performed by allelic discrimination real-time PCR. RESULTS Several significant differences were revealed in associations between stress marker and immune indicators based on SNP categories. For instance, Th1 levels of the minor alleles of GR TthIIII (AA) and IFNGR2 Q64R (Arg/Arg) groups were positively associated with chronic stress (PSS) (p = 0.024 and 0.005, respectively) compared with wild type (WT) and negatively associated with PSS in the heterozygous genotypes of GR BclI and IL4R Ile50Val (p = 0.040 and p = 0.052, respectively). Treg levels of the minor alleles of BclI (GG) and IFNGR1 T-56C (CC) groups were positively associated with PSS (p = 0.045 and p = 0.010, respectively) and negatively associated in the minor allele (Val/Val) of IL4R Ile50Va and the heterozygous genotype of IL4R Q576R (p = 0.041 and p = 0.017, respectively) compared to WT. CONCLUSION The data support the notion that gene polymorphisms from various components of the psychoneuroendocrine-immune network may be useful as biomarkers to categorize individual stress-associated immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alleles
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genotype
- Humans
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Male
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Kristina E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Imran Sunesara
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael Griswold
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D Marshall
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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13
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Jiang CL, Stefanini AM, Esbensen H, Rehm KE, Almaraz-Calderon S, Back BB, Corradi L, Fioretto E, Montagnoli G, Scarlassara F, Montanari D, Courtin S, Bourgin D, Haas F, Goasduff A, Szilner S, Mijatovic T. Fusion hindrance for a positive-q-value system (24)Mg+(30)Si. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:022701. [PMID: 25062170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the excitation function for the fusion of (24)Mg+(30)Si (Q=17.89 MeV)have been extended toward lower energies with respect to previous experimental data. The S-factor maximum observed in this large, positive-Q-value system is the most pronounced among such systems studied thus far. The significance and the systematics of an S-factor maximum in systems with positive fusion Q values are discussed. This result would strongly impact the extrapolated cross sections and reaction rates in the carbon and oxygen burnings and, thus, the study of the history of stellar evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A M Stefanini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - H Esbensen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Almaraz-Calderon
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B B Back
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L Corradi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - E Fioretto
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - G Montagnoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, and INFN, Sezione di Padova, IT-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Scarlassara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, and INFN, Sezione di Padova, IT-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Montanari
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, and INFN, Sezione di Padova, IT-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Courtin
- IPHC and University of Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3,67037 Strasbourg Cedex2, France
| | - D Bourgin
- IPHC and University of Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3,67037 Strasbourg Cedex2, France
| | - F Haas
- IPHC and University of Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3,67037 Strasbourg Cedex2, France
| | - A Goasduff
- CSNSM, CNRS/IN2P3 and University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - S Szilner
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Mijatovic
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Carnelli PFF, Almaraz-Calderon S, Rehm KE, Albers M, Alcorta M, Bertone PF, Digiovine B, Esbensen H, Niello JOF, Henderson D, Jiang CL, Lai J, Marley ST, Nusair O, Palchan-Hazan T, Pardo RC, Paul M, Ugalde C. Measurements of fusion reactions of low-intensity radioactive carbon beams on 12C and their implications for the understanding of X-ray bursts. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:192701. [PMID: 24877935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.192701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between neutron-rich nuclei plays an important role for understanding the reaction mechanism of the fusion process as well as for the energy production through pycnonuclear reactions in the crust of neutron stars. We have performed the first measurements of the total fusion cross sections in the systems (10,14,15)C+(12)C using a new active target-detector system. In the energy region accessible with existing radioactive beams, a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical cross sections is observed. This gives confidence in our ability to calculate fusion cross sections for systems which are outside the range of today's radioactive beam facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F F Carnelli
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and Laboratorio Tandar, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Almaraz-Calderon
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Albers
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Alcorta
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P F Bertone
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Digiovine
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Esbensen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J O Fernández Niello
- Laboratorio Tandar, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de San Martín, B1650BWA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Henderson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S T Marley
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - O Nusair
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T Palchan-Hazan
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Paul
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - C Ugalde
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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15
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Almaraz-Calderon S, Bertone PF, Alcorta M, Albers M, Deibel CM, Hoffman CR, Jiang CL, Marley ST, Rehm KE, Ugalde C. Direct measurement of the (23)Na(α,p)(26)Mg reaction cross section at energies relevant for the production of galactic (26)Al. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:152701. [PMID: 24785033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The 1809-keV γ ray from the decay of (26)Al(g) is an important target for γ-ray astronomy. In the convective C/Ne burning shell of massive presupernova stars, the (23)Na(α,p)(26)Mg reaction directly influences the production of (26)Al. We have performed a direct measurement of the (23)Na(α,p)(26)Mg reaction cross section at the appropriate astrophysically important energies. The stellar rate calculated in the present work is larger than the recommended rate by nearly a factor of 40 and could strongly affect the production of (26)Al in massive stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Almaraz-Calderon
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P F Bertone
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Alcorta
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Albers
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C M Deibel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S T Marley
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Ugalde
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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16
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Xiang L, Elci OU, Rehm KE, Marshall GD. Associations between cytokine receptor polymorphisms and variability in laboratory immune parameters in normal humans. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:91-7. [PMID: 24060357 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In every study involving human immune parameters, large inter-subject variability occurs which can make interpretation of results difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether genetic variants in cytokine receptors could associate with variability in laboratory immune measures. A total of 207 normal volunteers were recruited in this study. Immunoregulatory profiles were measured by flow cytometry and genotyping assays were performed by allelic discrimination real-time PCR. Immunoregulatory profiles were categorized according to various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine receptors including T-56C and G-611A of IFN-γ receptor 1 (IFNGR1); Q64R of IFNGR2; and Ile50Val, Q576R and S503P of IL4R. Results reveal that Th1 levels were significantly higher in the heterozygous of the IFNGR1 T-56C polymorphism (minor allele) compared to wild-type (WT, major allele) (p = 0.006). For the Q576R of IL4R, Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly lower for the homozygous SNP (Arg/Arg) compared to the WT (Gln/Gln) (p = 0.035). In addition, the significant interaction effects of demographic characteristics on SNP-immune parameter associations were reported as well. We conclude that cytokine receptor polymorphisms might associate with variability in laboratory immune measures. Approach of SNP analysis of cytokine receptors can be useful in categorizing baseline immune responses to more accurately evaluate clinical immune data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Okan U Elci
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Jackson, MS, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kristina E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D Marshall
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
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17
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Jiang CL, Back BB, Esbensen H, Janssens RVF, Rehm KE, Charity RJ. Origin and consequences of 12C+12C fusion resonances at deep sub-barrier energies. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:072701. [PMID: 25166370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous explanations for the resonance behavior of (12)C+(12)C fusion at low energies were based on a nonresonant compound-nucleus background and an additional contribution from a series of resonances. This separation into "resonance" and "background" contributions of the cross section is artificial. We propose to explain this phenomenon through the impact on the cross section of the relatively large spacings and the narrow widths of (24)Mg compound levels in the corresponding excitation-energy region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B B Back
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Esbensen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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18
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Rehm KE, Elci OU, Hahn K, Marshall GD. The impact of self-reported psychological stress levels on changes to peripheral blood immune biomarkers in recreational marathon runners during training and recovery. Neuroimmunomodulation 2013; 20:164-76. [PMID: 23548735 DOI: 10.1159/000346795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marathon training is both physically and psychologically stressful, both of which can lead to altered immunity. The purpose of this study was to determine if the overall immunoregulatory changes associated with the physical stress of marathon training are affected by psychological stress. METHODS Nineteen recreational marathoners completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and had levels of T cell subpopulations and cytokine (IFNγ, IL4 and IL10) production determined 4 weeks before (baseline), 24-48 h before (prerace) and 1 week after (recovery) participation in a marathon. RESULTS PSS scores decreased at the prerace visit compared to baseline and remained low at recovery. Compared to baseline, there were significant changes to numerous immune measures at the prerace visit, including decreases in Th1/Th2 ratio, Tc1/Tc2 ratio, Tr1 and Th3 cell populations as well as decreases in IFNγ/IL4 cytokine ratio and IL10 production. Most immune parameters had returned to near baseline values at the recovery visit. Higher levels of perceived stress, anxiety and worry exacerbated many of the alterations in immunity that were observed at the prerace visit. Higher levels of perceived stress and worry had significant effects on changes to Treg, IL4 production and the IFNγ/IL4 cytokine ratio. Stress had an additional impact on changes in IL10 production. High anxiety levels resulted in significant changes to Treg, Tr1 and Th3. CONCLUSION These data suggest that recreational marathon runners with higher levels of psychological stress may be more at risk for the immune alterations that are common during periods of prolonged physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Department of Medicine, Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
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19
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Freedman SJ, Rehm KE, Schiffer JP, Seweryniak D. Comment on "Precise determination of the unperturbed 8B neutrino spectrum". Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:189201-189202. [PMID: 23215342 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.189201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Freedman
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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20
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Rehm KE, Xiang L, Elci OU, Griswold M, Marshall GD. Variability in laboratory immune parameters is associated with stress hormone receptor polymorphisms. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:220-8. [PMID: 22441538 DOI: 10.1159/000334711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interpretation of laboratory immune data in healthy human subjects is often challenging due to wide inter-subject variability. Since endocrine and immune mediators have been mutually interlinked, a potential explanation for the significant variability seen in immune data even when controlled for technical variability and demographics is differences in the binding affinity of ligand with hormone receptors on the surface of immune cells, which can be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). METHODS We categorized immunoregulatory cellular profiles from PBMC of 207 healthy volunteers according to glucocorticoid receptor (GR: Bcl1, TthIIII, and A3669G) and β₂-adrenergic receptor (β2AR: Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu) polymorphisms. Subjects were genotyped for each SNP, and Th1, Th2, Th1/Th2 ratio, regulatory T cell (T(reg)), Tr1, and Th3 cell numbers were assessed. Immune parameters in the SNP groups were compared to the wild type (WT). RESULTS Significant differences were observed in Th2 and the Th1/Th2 ratio for the β2AR SNP Gly16Arg. Th1, the Th1/Th2 ratio, and Tr1 differed significantly by SNP of Gln27Glu. In addition, the effect of age on Th2 and the effect of the body mass index on the Th1/Th2 ratio significantly differed across subtypes of the Gly16Arg SNP. Significant differences based on allergic status and gender were also seen for T(reg), Th1, and Th2 across Gly16Arg, Gln27Glu, and TthIIII SNP. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SNP from various components of the stress-immune network may be useful for subgrouping of immune responses to more accurately categorize psychoneuroimmunological components of stress risk in individual subjects. This approach may have significant research and clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss., USA
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21
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Xiang L, Del Ben KS, Rehm KE, Marshall GD. Effects of acute stress-induced immunomodulation on TH1/TH2 cytokine and catecholamine receptor expression in human peripheral blood cells. Neuropsychobiology 2011; 65:12-9. [PMID: 22094268 DOI: 10.1159/000328160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is evidence that psychological stress can modulate immune functions. It has been hypothesized that acute stressors can affect both immune balance (including Th1 and Th2 cytokines) and expression of stress hormone receptors. This study investigated the impact of an acute stressor on gene expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in leukocytes. The effect on T regulatory cells (Treg), regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, Th1 and Th2 cytokines and their receptors IFN-γR and IL-4R was also studied. METHOD Fourteen normal volunteers completed an acute laboratory stressor, and blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 6 and 24 h after completion of the tasks. Cytokine production and Treg were determined by flow cytometry. Gene expressions of receptors were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS IFN-γ was increased immediately and 1 h after stressor (p<0.05, respectively) and upregulation of IFN-γR mRNA was noted at 2, 6 and 24 h (p<0.01, respectively). IL-10 was decreased at 2 h (p<0.01). There were no significant changes in post-task IL-4R, Treg, or TGF-β. β2AR mRNA was increased at 2, 6 and 24 h (p<0.01, respectively). On the other hand, no significant alterations were observed in GR expression. CONCLUSION An acute stressor increased Th1 cytokine production and its receptor expression. β2AR but not GR was significantly increased after an acute stressor, which supports the hypothesis that catecholamine-mediated signal pathways in communication with the central nervous and immune systems play a fundamental role in acute stress-mediated immune alterations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Catecholamines/metabolism
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunomodulation
- Interferon-gamma
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/immunology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Catecholamine/genetics
- Receptors, Catecholamine/immunology
- Receptors, Catecholamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/immunology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Xiang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology Research, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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22
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Alcorta M, Rehm KE, Back BB, Bedoor S, Bertone PF, Deibel CM, DiGiovine B, Esbensen H, Greene JP, Hoffman CR, Jiang CL, Lighthall JC, Marley ST, Pardo RC, Paul M, Rogers AM, Ugalde C, Wuosmaa AH. Fusion reactions with the one-neutron halo nucleus (15)C. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:172701. [PMID: 21635032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.172701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The structure of (15)C, with an s(1/2) neutron weakly bound to a closed-neutron shell nucleus (14)C, makes it a prime candidate for a one-neutron halo nucleus. We have for the first time studied the cross section for the fusion-fission reaction (15)C+(232)Th at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier and compared it to the yield of the neighboring (14)C+(232)Th system measured in the same experiment. At sub-barrier energies, an enhancement of the fusion yield by factors of 2-5 was observed for (15)C, while the cross sections for (14)C match the trends measured for (12,13)C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alcorta
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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23
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Rehm KE, Roper RL. Deletion of the A35 gene from Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara increases immunogenicity and isotype switching. Vaccine 2011; 29:3276-83. [PMID: 21352940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We show here that the immunogenicity of the Modified Vaccinia Ankara MVA vaccine strain can be improved by deletion of the A35 gene, without diminishing the ability of the virus to replicate. Deletion of the A35 gene resulted in increased virus-specific immunoglobulin production, class switching to IgG isotypes, and virus-specific IFNγ-secreting splenocytes. The MVA35 deletion virus provided excellent protective efficacy against virulent virus challenge. These results suggest that A35 deletion mutant strains will have superior vaccine performance for poxvirus vaccines as well as platform vaccines for other infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Blvd, 5E106A, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
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24
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Wuosmaa AH, Back BB, Baker S, Brown BA, Deibel CM, Fallon P, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Lee HY, Lighthall JC, Macchiavelli AO, Marley ST, Pardo RC, Rehm KE, Schiffer JP, Shetty DV, Wiedeking M. ¹⁵C(d,p)¹⁶C reaction and exotic behavior in ¹⁶C. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:132501. [PMID: 21230766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the ¹⁵C(d,p)¹⁶C reaction in inverse kinematics using the Helical Orbit Spectrometer at Argonne National Laboratory. Prior studies of electromagnetic-transition rates in ¹⁶C suggested an exotic decoupling of the valence neutrons from the core in that nucleus. Neutron-adding spectroscopic factors give a different probe of the wave functions of the relevant states in ¹⁶C. Shell-model calculations reproduce both the present transfer data and the previously measured transition rates, suggesting that ¹⁶C may be described without invoking very exotic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wuosmaa
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5252, USA
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25
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Back BB, Baker SI, Brown BA, Deibel CM, Freeman SJ, DiGiovine BJ, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Lee HY, Lighthall JC, Marley ST, Pardo RC, Rehm KE, Schiffer JP, Shetty DV, Vann AW, Winkelbauer J, Wuosmaa AH. First experiment with HELIOS: the structure of 13B. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:132501. [PMID: 20481878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A first experiment is reported that makes use of a new kind of spectrometer uniquely suited to the study of reactions with radioactive beams in inverse kinematics, the helical orbit spectrometer, HELIOS. The properties of some low-lying states in the neutron-rich N=8 nucleus 13B were studied with good resolution. From the measured angular distributions of the (d,p) reaction and the relative spectroscopic factors, spin and configuration assignments of the first- and third-excited states of this nucleus can be constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Back
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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26
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Rehm KE, Connor RF, Jones GJB, Yimbu K, Mannie MD, Roper RL. Vaccinia virus decreases major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation, T-cell priming, and peptide association with MHC class II. Immunology 2010; 128:381-92. [PMID: 20067538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the current live virus vaccine used to protect humans against smallpox and monkeypox, but its use is contraindicated in several populations because of its virulence. It is therefore important to elucidate the immune evasion mechanisms of VACV. We found that VACV infection of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) significantly decreased major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II antigen presentation and decreased synthesis of 13 chemokines and cytokines, suggesting a potent viral mechanism for immune evasion. In these model systems, responding T cells were not directly affected by virus, indicating that VACV directly affects the APC. VACV significantly decreased nitric oxide production by peritoneal exudate cells and the RAW macrophage cell line in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma, decreased class II MHC expression on APCs, and induced apoptosis in macrophages and dendritic cells. However, VACV decreased antigen presentation by 1153 B cells without apparent apoptosis induction, indicating that VACV differentially affects B lymphocytes and other APCs. We show that the key mechanism of VACV inhibition of antigen presentation may be its reduction of antigenic peptide loaded into the cleft of MHC class II molecules. These data indicate that VACV evades the host immune response by impairing critical functions of the APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Rehm KE, Connor RF, Jones GJB, Yimbu K, Roper RL. Vaccinia virus A35R inhibits MHC class II antigen presentation. Virology 2009; 397:176-86. [PMID: 19954808 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Vaccinia virus gene A35R (Copenhagen designation) is highly conserved in mammalian-tropic poxviruses and is an important virulence factor, but its function was unknown. We show herein that A35 does not affect viral infectivity, apoptosis induction, or replication; however, we found that A35 significantly inhibited MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation, immune priming of T lymphocytes, and subsequent chemokine and cytokine synthesis. A35 localized to endosomes and reduced the amount of a model antigenic peptide displayed in the cleft of class II MHC. In addition, A35 decreased VV specific T cell responses in vivo. Thus, this is the first report identifying a function for the A35 protein in virulence as well as the first report identifying a VV gene that inhibits peptide antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Greenville, NC, USA
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28
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Abstract
In this review, the current state of vaccine development against human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, focusing on recently published data is assessed. We discuss which strategies have been assessed immunologically and which have been evaluated in SARS coronavirus challenge models. We discuss inactivated vaccines, virally and bacterially vectored vaccines, recombinant protein and DNA vaccines, as well as the use of attenuated vaccines. Data regarding the correlates of protection, animal models and the available evidence regarding potential vaccine enhancement of SARS disease are discussed. While there is much evidence that various vaccine strategies against SARS are safe and immunogenic, vaccinated animals still display significant disease upon challenge. Current data suggest that intranasal vaccination may be crucial and that new or combination strategies may be required for good protective efficacy against SARS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Roper
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Schiffer JP, Freeman SJ, Clark JA, Deibel C, Fitzpatrick CR, Gros S, Heinz A, Hirata D, Jiang CL, Kay BP, Parikh A, Parker PD, Rehm KE, Villari ACC, Werner V, Wrede C. Nuclear structure relevant to neutrinoless double beta decay: 76Ge and 76Se. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:112501. [PMID: 18517778 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of observing neutrinoless double beta decay offers the opportunity of determining the effective neutrino mass if the nuclear matrix element were known. Theoretical calculations are uncertain, and measurements of the occupations of valence orbits by nucleons active in the decay can be important. The occupation of valence neutron orbits in the ground states of 76Ge (a candidate for such decay) and 76Se (the daughter nucleus) were determined by precisely measuring cross sections for both neutron-adding and removing transfer reactions. Our results indicate that the Fermi surface is much more diffuse than in theoretical calculations. We find that the populations of at least three orbits change significantly between these two ground states while in the calculations, the changes are confined primarily to one orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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30
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Jubel A, Fischer J, Andermahr J, Isenberg J, Schiffer G, Stoddart M, Rehm KE, Häuselmann HJ. [Implantation of matrix-free cartilage transplants in standardized defects in sheep knee joints]. Orthopade 2007; 35:1246-57. [PMID: 17111166 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-006-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current investigation was to make a comparative analysis of regenerative tissue after autologous de novo cartilage transplantation on the femoral condyles of sheep after a chondral defect. One chondral defect measuring 4 mm in diameter was placed in the center of one medial femoral condyle of each of 48 Suffolk sheep. Twelve defects were left to heal spontaneously, 16 defects were covered with periosteal flaps, and 20 defects were filled with autologous de novo cartilage graft. Macroscopic and microscopic assessments were performed at 26 and at 52 weeks. Regeneration was significantly better (p<0.05) in the transplant group than in the control groups at both 26 weeks and 52 weeks. The differences were most evident in the grade of defect filling, cartilage stability, cell distribution, and matrix assessments. Transplantation of immature, autologous de novo cartilage leads to qualitatively better regeneration both macro- and microscopically than does periosteal flap placement alone. The transplanted, immature cartilage tissue undergoes maturation in vivo. The regenerated tissue has hyaline-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universität Köln, Josef-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50924 Köln, Deutschland.
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31
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Abstract
Insertion of titanium nails for type A and B clavicular fractures can fail intraoperatively due to the small diameter or irregular nature of the medullary canal. At present, such failures lead to open reduction and fixation (ORIF) with plates. In type C fractures (comminuted fractures), a telescoping effect is observed so that ORIF is the only suitable alternative besides nonoperative therapy. A suitable minimally invasive solution for type C fractures and as a salvage procedure for failed intramedullary nailing of type A and B fractures is presented here for the first time with a percutaneous application of an LC plate to the clavicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andermahr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9, 50931, Köln.
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32
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Tang XD, Rehm KE, Ahmad I, Brune CR, Champagne A, Greene JP, Hecht AA, Henderson D, Janssens RVF, Jiang CL, Jisonna L, Kahl D, Moore EF, Notani M, Pardo RC, Patel N, Paul M, Savard G, Schiffer JP, Segel RE, Sinha S, Shumard B, Wuosmaa AH. New determination of the astrophysical S factor SE1 of the 12C(alpha,gamma)16O reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:052502. [PMID: 17930748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new measurement of the beta-delayed alpha decay of 16N has been performed using a set of high efficiency ionization chambers. Sources were made by implantation of a 16N beam, yielding very clean alpha spectra down to energies as low as 400 keV. Our data are in good agreement with earlier results. For the S factor S(E1), we obtain a value of 74 +/- 21 keV b. In spite of improvements in the measurement, the error in S(E1) remains relatively large because of the correlations among the fit parameters and the uncertainties inherent to the extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Prokop A, Rehm KE, Isenberg J, Hahn U, Schiffer G. [Lecture disasters - and how to prevent them]. Zentralbl Chir 2006; 131:358-61. [PMID: 17004198 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Presentations at medical conferences can sometimes confuse or compromise understanding of current topics. Although considerable time and financial costs may be taken to be present at such events, all too often one must go through inferior presentations that are poorly structured and do not contribute to one's understanding of the topic at hand. A good presentation is distinguishable by the clear intentions of the speaker to give a good lecture. The presenter has worked extensively with his topic and is familiar with the audience. The presentation has a clear structure and finishes with a take-home message. The speaker takes the listener from his previous level of knowledge to a new understanding. To do so, both voice and body language are used. The supporting slides are simple and direct, and not overloaded with information. The speech conforms exactly with the pre-determined time limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prokop
- Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Unfallmedizin und Sozialversicherung, Hennef.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In severely injured patients, diagnostic procedures should be as brief as possible. With the use of spiral CT technology, the time required for diagnosis is minimized. QUESTION Do severely injured patients benefit when primary diagnostic examinations are completed in less than 30 min? How much time is required for primary emergency department (ED) care and how much in the CT scanner? MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 31 July 2001 and 31 December 2003, severely injured patients with ISS scores over 16 underwent total body spiral CT scans (Siemens Somatom Volume Zoom Multislice CT) after initial ultrasonography. One hundred patients (M:F=25:75) with an average age of 42 years (range: 3-81 years) were evaluated retrospectively. The average ISS score was 32.8+/-12 points (range: 17-75 points). RESULTS The average time in the ED, prior to CT, was 33+/-14 min. The CT scans lasted 16+/-5 min and the total diagnostic time was 48+/-14 min. Fifty percent of patients were taken immediately to the operating room. The mortality rate in hospital was 13%. The average hospital stay was 30 days, with an average ICU stay of 10 days. CONCLUSION The shorter the time spent in the ED, the shorter the stays in ICU and in total hospitalization were, regardless of injury severity. With structured management and shortening of diagnostic time with spiral CT, the time in the ED was decreased from 85 to 48 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prokop
- Fachbereich Unfallmedizin und Sozialversicherung, Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Hennef.
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35
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Nassar H, Paul M, Ahmad I, Ben-Dov Y, Caggiano J, Ghelberg S, Goriely S, Greene JP, Hass M, Heger A, Heinz A, Henderson DJ, Janssens RVF, Jiang CL, Kashiv Y, Nara Singh BS, Ofan A, Pardo RC, Pennington T, Rehm KE, Savard G, Scott R, Vondrasek R. 40Ca(alpha, gamma)44Ti reaction in the energy regime of supernova nucleosynthesis. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:041102. [PMID: 16486801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The 44Ti(t1/2=59 yr) nuclide, an important signature of supernova nucleosynthesis, has recently been observed as live radioactivity by gamma-ray astronomy from the Cas A remnant. We investigate in the laboratory the major 44Ti production reaction 40Ca(alpha, gamma)44Ti (Ec.m. approximately 0.6-1.2 MeV/u by direct off-line counting of 44Ti nuclei. The yield, significantly higher than inferred from previous experiments, is analyzed in terms of a statistical model using microscopic nuclear inputs. The associated stellar rate has important astrophysical consequences, increasing the calculated supernova 44Ti yield by a factor approximately 2 over previous estimates and bringing it closer to Cas A observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nassar
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study was to compare the results achieved in two groups of patients treated for mid-clavicular fracture. METHODS The first group of 27 patients was treated nonoperatively with a rucksack bandage, whereas the second group underwent intramedullary fixation with a titanium pin, using a minimally invasive technique. Within the follow-up period of 6 months, results were evaluated seven times. RESULTS During the whole period significantly (p<0.05) better results were observed in the group of operated patients concerning shoulder function, Constant score, DASH score, personal satisfaction, pain, and cosmetic result. In the second group return to work occurred in less than half the time of the first group. CONCLUSION Intramedullary nailing of mid-clavicular fractures is a safe and minimally invasive operation technique. Early functional and cosmetic results are not worse than results after nonoperative treatment with a rucksack bandage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universität Köln.
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37
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Abstract
This prospective clinical trial was performed to assess healing, clinical outcome and complications after intramedullary nailing of midshaft clavicular nonunions. Over 2.5 years, 14 patients were included. Exclusion criteria were pathological fractures, bony defects, previous operative therapy, atrophic and infection pseudarthrosis and the patient's age: <18 years or >70 years. Results were evaluated after 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Beginning 3 months after the operation, pain (VAS), subjective satisfaction, Constant score and DASH score were significantly better than preoperatively during the follow-up period (p<0.001). There were no infections, no implant displacements or refractures.Intramedullary fixation of midshaft clavicular nonunions with an elastic titanium nail is a safe, minimally invasive surgical technique, producing excellent functional and cosmetic results without additional bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Universität zu Köln.
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38
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Nassar H, Paul M, Ahmad I, Berkovits D, Bettan M, Collon P, Dababneh S, Ghelberg S, Greene JP, Heger A, Heil M, Henderson DJ, Jiang CL, Käppeler F, Koivisto H, O'Brien S, Pardo RC, Patronis N, Pennington T, Plag R, Rehm KE, Reifarth R, Scott R, Sinha S, Tang X, Vondrasek R. Stellar (n,gamma) cross section of 62Ni. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:092504. [PMID: 15783960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The 62Ni(n,gamma)63Ni(t(1/2)=100+/-2 yr) reaction plays an important role in the control of the flow path of the slow neutron-capture (s) nucleosynthesis process. We have measured for the first time the total cross section of this reaction for a quasi-Maxwellian (kT=25 keV) neutron flux. The measurement was performed by fast-neutron activation, combined with accelerator mass spectrometry to detect directly the 63Ni product nuclei. The experimental value of 28.4+/-2.8 mb, fairly consistent with a recent calculation, affects the calculated net yield of 62Ni itself and the whole distribution of nuclei with 62<A<90 produced by the weak s process in massive stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nassar
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, 91904
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39
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Wuosmaa AH, Rehm KE, Greene JP, Henderson DJ, Janssens RVF, Jiang CL, Jisonna L, Moore EF, Pardo RC, Paul M, Peterson D, Pieper SC, Savard G, Schiffer JP, Segel RE, Sinha S, Tang X, Wiringa RB. Neutron spectroscopic factors in 9Li from 2H(8Li,p)9Li. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:082502. [PMID: 15783884 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the 2H(8Li,p)9Li reaction to obtain information on the spins, parities, and single-neutron spectroscopic factors for states in 9Li, using a radioactive 8Li beam. The deduced properties of the lowest three states are compared to the predictions of a number of calculations for the structure of 9Li. The results of ab initio quantum Monte Carlo calculations are in good agreement with the observed properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wuosmaa
- Physics Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5252, USA
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40
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Jubel A, Andermahr J, Isenberg J, Schiffer G, Prokop A, Rehm KE. [Experience with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of shaft fractures in children]. Orthopade 2004; 33:928-35. [PMID: 15156310 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-004-0662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective clinical controlled trial was to investigate the early and midterm results of shaft fractures in children treated with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). From January 1997 to December 2001, elastic stable intramedullary nailing was carried out on 112 children with 118 diaphyseal fractures. The mean age was 7.7 years. There were 51 fractures of the lower arm, 46 femoral fractures, 14 of the lower leg, and 7 of the humerus. A total of 92 children have been followed up for more than 12 months. The mean time of follow-up was 38 months.The mean time of fluoroscopy was 2.2 min. Open reduction was necessary in 3.4 %. In children with injuries of the lower extremity, full weight bearing was achieved after a mean period of 9.3 days. In 1.8% of the children, reoperation was necessary within the first 10 days after the operation. In 3.6 % there was painful skin irritation due to the protruding end of a nail. No infection or delayed union was observed. Implant removal was done after a mean time of 5.6 months. There was no rotational or angular deformity of more than 5 degrees in children with isolated fractures of the lower extremity. Mean lengthening of the injured leg was 2.4 mm. In three children who had fractures of the upper extremity, a deficit in range of motion of the adjacent joints was detected. The current results show that intramedullary fixation of displaced diaphyseal fractures in children with a flexible titanium nail is a safe, minimally invasive surgical technique producing excellent functional and cosmetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Universität zu Köln.
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41
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Wang LB, Mueller P, Bailey K, Drake GWF, Greene JP, Henderson D, Holt RJ, Janssens RVF, Jiang CL, Lu ZT, O'Connor TP, Pardo RC, Rehm KE, Schiffer JP, Tang XD. Laser spectroscopic determination of the 6He nuclear charge radius. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:142501. [PMID: 15524784 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have performed precision laser spectroscopy on individual 6He (t(1/2)=0.8 s) atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap, and measured the isotope shift between 6He and 4He to be 43 194.772+/-0.056 MHz for the 2(3)S1-3(3)P2 transition. Based on this measurement and atomic theory, the nuclear charge radius of 6He is determined for the first time in a method independent of nuclear models to be 2.054+/-0.014 fm. The result is compared with the values predicted by a number of nuclear structure calculations and tests their ability to characterize this loosely bound halo nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-B Wang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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42
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Jubel A, Andermahr J, Prokop A, Bergmann H, Isenberg J, Rehm KE. Pitfalls und Komplikationen der elastisch stabilen intramedull�ren Nagelung (ESIN) von Femurfrakturen im Kindesalter. Unfallchirurg 2004; 107:744-9. [PMID: 15235779 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-004-0799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the intra- and postoperative problems as well as the complications of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of femur fractures in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS 47 consecutive children, mean age 6 years, were reviewed clinically and radiologically until hardware removal and after this annually. Mean time of follow up was 37 months. RESULTS Intraoperatively one cortex perforation and one displacement of a third fragment occurred. Two correction operations were necessary: In one case due to an implant displacement and in another case due to an unacceptable loss of reduction. There were no infections, non union, implant breakage, refracture or disturbance of growth. CONCLUSIONS ESIN is a safe procedure in femoral shaft fractures of children. Most of the problems and complications can be avoided by a careful consideration of the indication and a correct operation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universität zu Köln.
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43
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Jubel A, Andermahr J, Mairhofer J, Prokop A, Hahn U, Rehm KE. Die Anwendung des injizierbaren Knochenzements Norian�SRS bei Tibiakopffrakturen. Orthop�de 2004; 33:919-27. [PMID: 15138676 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-004-0664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the depressed joint surface in tibial plateau fractures often leaves large cancellous bone defects. These metaphyseal voids are typically filled with autogenous bone grafts that can cause a significant donor site morbidity. The use of injectable bone cement offers the opportunity to support the reduced joint surface without bone grafting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome as well as the period of partial weight bearing after the use of Norian SRS in tibial plateau fractures. Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 48 years were included in this prospective trial. According to the AO/OTA Classification, there were seven fractures of type B2, ten B3, one C1, one C2, and two fractures of type C3. The period of partial weight bearing was 3.7 weeks. In 18 patients the follow-up was more than 24 months. After a mean follow-up of 30 months, the Lysholm score was 87.9 at mean. The radiological part of the Rasmussen score was excellent and good in eight cases each and fair in four cases. Soft tissue reactions due to the cement were not observed. On all radiographs taken 36 months after the operation the cement bloc was still visible. The results show that Norian SRS can be used to fill metaphyseal bone defects in tibial plateau fractures. Clinical and radiological results are comparable to those of fractures treated with autologous bone graft. The high compression strength allows early full weight bearing without the risk of secondary loss of reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie der Universität zu Köln.
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44
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Schiffer JP, Freeman SJ, Caggiano JA, Deibel C, Heinz A, Jiang CL, Lewis R, Parikh A, Parker PD, Rehm KE, Sinha S, Thomas JS. Is the nuclear spin-orbit interaction changing with neutron excess? Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:162501. [PMID: 15169222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The difference in the energies of the lowest states corresponding to the two nodeless single-particle orbitals outside the Z=50 closed proton shell, h(11/2) and g(7/2), increases with neutron excess. We have measured the Sn(alpha,t) reaction for all seven stable even Sn isotopes and found that the spectroscopic factors are constant for these two states, confirming their characterization as single-particle states. The trend in energies is consistent with a decrease in the nuclear spin-orbit interaction. A similar trend, also suggesting a decreasing spin-orbit splitting, is seen in the energies of the neutron single-particle states outside the N=82 core, i(13/2) and h(9/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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45
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Jubel A, Andemahr J, Bergmann H, Prokop A, Rehm KE. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of midclavicular fractures in athletes. Br J Sports Med 2004; 37:480-3; discussion 484. [PMID: 14665582 PMCID: PMC1724711 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.37.6.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramedullary fixation of midclavicular fractures may be a better option than non-operative treatment for high performance/professional athletes because of the potential reduction in recovery time. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of intramedullary fixation in high performance athletes and the time required to return to sporting activity. METHODS Data were taken from a prospective study on intramedullary fixation techniques using the elastic stable Ti nail (TEN, Synthes) for the treatment of displaced midclavicular fractures, initiated in 1996. The patients in 12 cases were classified as high performance/professional athletes. These cases were used to evaluate the technique specifically in this population. Fractures were classified according to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) system. Patients were evaluated before and after surgery for shoulder function and subjective pain. After the operation, radiological assessments documented fracture healing, and clinical outcomes scores were obtained. Time required to return to training and competition was documented. RESULTS All fractures were transverse or oblique. Mean (SD) shoulder abduction increased from 36.3 (8) degrees before surgery to 154.2 (17) degrees afterwards (p<0.001). Mean subjective pain score using a visual analogue scale (0-100) decreased from 71.7 (18) points before surgery to 19.2 (6) points (p<0.001) three days after. There were no complications. Hospital stay averaged 2.9 (1) days. Mean delay to resumption of training was 5.9 (1) days, and to resumption of competition it was 16.8 (5) days. The mean Constant clinical outcomes score one year after hardware removal was 98.3 (2) points. CONCLUSIONS Intramedullary fixation of displaced midclavicular fracture was successful in terms of clinical outcome and rapid resumption of sporting activities. This treatment should be offered to athletes as an alternative to non-operative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Jenkins DG, Lister CJ, Janssens RVF, Khoo TL, Moore EF, Rehm KE, Truett B, Wuosmaa AH, Freer M, Fulton BR, José J. Reevaluation of the 22Na(p,gamma) reaction rate: implications for the detection of 22Na gamma rays from novae. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:031101. [PMID: 14753860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes which create and destroy 22Na is important for diagnosing classical nova outbursts. Conventional 22Na(p,gamma) studies are complicated by the need to employ radioactive targets. In contrast, we have formed the particle-unbound states of interest through the heavy-ion fusion reaction, 12C(12C,n)23Mg and used the Gammasphere array to investigate their radiative decay branches. Detailed spectroscopy was possible and the 22Na(p,gamma) reaction rate has been reevaluated. New hydrodynamical calculations incorporating the upper and lower limits on the new rate suggest a reduction in the yield of 22Na with respect to previous estimates, implying a reduction in the maximum detectability distance for 22Na gamma rays from novae.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Jenkins
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Abstract
Soft tissue reactions resulting from biodegradable polylactide implants to bone have not been adequately examined during their 3-year degradation period. An osteotomy was performed on the medial femoral condyle of 36 sheep and secured by either three poly-L-DL-lactide pins (70/30) (Polypin) or three composite pins [10% beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) (90/10)]. A histological examination was performed on the synovial membrane and lymph nodes after 3, 18 and 36 months. After 18 months two non-specific, minor reactions of the synovial membrane were observed in the composite pin group. In both groups different reactions of both inguinal lymph nodes were observed. These had no statistical relevance and could not be clearly attributed to the implants. Due to the slow degradation process of biodegradable polylactide implants, there is no clinically relevant inflammation of either joint or lymph nodes. The addition of 10% beta-TCP did not result in any significant enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prokop
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9, D-50924 Cologne, Germany.
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Winter WT, Freedman SJ, Rehm KE, Ahmad I, Greene JP, Heinz A, Henderson D, Janssens RVF, Jiang CL, Moore EF, Mukherjee G, Pardo RC, Pennington T, Savard G, Schiffer JP, Seweryniak D, Zinkann G, Paul M. Determination of the 8B neutrino spectrum. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:252501. [PMID: 14754108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.252501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2003] [Revised: 09/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the total energy of the alpha particles following the beta decay of 8B by implanting 8B into a planar silicon surface barrier detector. Calibration was performed using alpha particles following the beta decay of 20Na, similarly implanted. The alpha spectrum is used to infer the 8B neutrino spectrum which is an important input in the interpretation of experiments that detect energetic neutrinos from the Sun. The alpha spectrum reported here is in disagreement with the previous best measurement which used two detectors in coincidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Winter
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Jubel A, Andermahr J, Prokop A, Isenberg J, Rehm KE. [Minimal invasive biological osteosynthesis of the clavicle with a titanium nail]. Kongressbd Dtsch Ges Chir Kongr 2003; 119:485-90. [PMID: 12704900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Until December 2001 84 midclavicular fractures in 80 patients were treated with intramedullary nailing. Postoperatively there was a significant decrease of pain and a significant increase of mobility compared to the situation preoperatively. 6 months after hardware removal the mean Constant-Score was 97.4 points. There was one none union. In one patient there was a loss of reduction with shortening of 1.5 cm. In 5 patients a shortening of the proximal end of the nail had to be performed, due to painful skin irritation. Intramedullary nailing of midclavicular fractures is a safe and minimally invasive operation technique. It should be offered to the patient as an alternative to conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jubel
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9, 50924 Köln.
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50
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Prokop A, Jubel A, Hahn U, Rehm KE. [Intramedullary fixation of pediatric bone shaft fractures]. Kongressbd Dtsch Ges Chir Kongr 2003; 119:526-31. [PMID: 12704906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Intramedullary stabilisation (Prévot-nailing) of shaft fractures in childhood allows full weight bearing without cast. Early fracture healing is seen by respecting soft tissue around fracture and by using distal or proximal approaches. Good indications of femoral shaft osteosynthesis are recommended in oblique- and transverse-fractures. Intramedullary stabilization seems to be a good alternative methode instead of casting calf-shaft-fractures. An instable fracture of forearm may be treated intramedullary to avoid often observed displacement ad axim and rotation. Humoral fractures primary have to be treated conservatively. Only in displaced fractures or in cases with additional injuries an intramedullary procedure with free range of motion is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prokop
- Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, 50924 Köln.
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