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Alzahrani AH. Fixed Drug Eruptions With Flavoured Liquid Formulations of Over-the-Counter Analgesics: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e43436. [PMID: 37711934 PMCID: PMC10499053 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions convey a number of conditions that include fixed drug eruptions (FDEs). They share similar pathophysiologic backgrounds and sometimes presentation but can have very variable prognostications. Drugs are amongst the possible causes with acetaminophen and other NSAIDs being reported very frequently. We present a case of a patient reacting to flavoured oral ibuprofen and acetaminophen formulations, exhibiting FDEs with bullae formation. We describe our successful challenge to non-flavoured acetaminophen and ibuprofen. We briefly discuss FDEs in regard to their incidence, pathophysiology, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Alzahrani
- Allergy and Immunology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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2
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McClatchy J, Yap T, Nirenberg A, Scardamaglia L. Fixed drug eruptions – the common and novel culprits since 2000. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1289-1302. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McClatchy
- Dermatology Department The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Tami Yap
- Dermatology Department The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Alexander Nirenberg
- Dorevitch Pathology Melbourne Australia
- Australasian College of Cutaneous Oncology Melbourne Australia
| | - Laura Scardamaglia
- Dermatology Department The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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McClatchy J, Yap T, Nirenberg A, Scardamaglia L. Fixes Arzneimittelexanthem – häufige und neue Auslöser seit dem Jahr 2000. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1289-1303. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14870_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McClatchy
- Dermatology Department The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australien
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australien
| | - Tami Yap
- Dermatology Department The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australien
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australien
- Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australien
| | - Alexander Nirenberg
- Dorevitch Pathology Melbourne Australien
- Australasian College of Cutaneous Oncology Melbourne Australien
| | - Laura Scardamaglia
- Dermatology Department The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australien
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australien
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A Review of Fixed Drug Eruption with a Special Focus on Generalized Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57090925. [PMID: 34577848 PMCID: PMC8468217 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by the onset of rash at a fixed location on the body each time a specific medication is ingested. With each recurrence, the eruption can involve additional sites. Lesions can have overlying vesicles and/or bullae, and when they cover a significant percentage of body surface area, the eruption is referred to as generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE). Due to the widespread skin denudation that can be seen in this condition, GBFDE may be confused clinically with Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). While treatments described for GBFDE include supportive care, topical and/or systemic steroids, and, recently, cyclosporine, the mainstay of management involves identifying and discontinuing the causative drug. This review article will provide an overview of FDE with an emphasis on its generalized bullous variant.
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Patel S, John AM, Handler MZ, Schwartz RA. Fixed Drug Eruptions: An Update, Emphasizing the Potentially Lethal Generalized Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21:393-399. [PMID: 32002848 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a relatively common reaction associated with more than 100 medications. It is defined as a same-site recurrence with exposure to a particular medication. The primary approach and treatment for all types of FDEs are to identify and remove the causative agent, often accomplished by a thorough history of medication and other chemical exposures, and possibly prior episodes. The most common category of FDE, localized FDE, whether bullous or non-bullous, is self-limited. Although one can confirm the causative agent using oral challenge testing, it is not recommended due to the risk of severe exacerbation or possible generalization; patch testing is now preferred. Bullous FDE may resemble erythema multiforme. Treatment of localized FDE includes medication removal, patient counseling, and symptomatic relief. Failure to remove the causative agent in localized FDE can lead to recurrence, which is associated with increased inflammation, hyperpigmentation, and risk of a potentially lethal generalized bullous FDE (GBFDE), which may resemble Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Distinguishing GBFDE from SJS and TEN is salient and will be stressed: GBFDE has more rapid onset in 1-24 h rather than in weeks, less or no mucosal involvement, less or no systemic involvement, and a tendency for a more favorable prognosis; however, recent experience suggests it may be just as life-threatening. This review will provide a comprehensive update and approach to diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Patel
- Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Science Building H-576, Newark, NJ, 07103-2757, USA
| | - Ann M John
- Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, One World's Fair Drive, Suite 2400, Somerset, NJ, 08873, USA
| | - Marc Zachary Handler
- Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Science Building H-576, Newark, NJ, 07103-2757, USA
| | - Robert A Schwartz
- Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Science Building H-576, Newark, NJ, 07103-2757, USA.
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Zheng Y, Peng H, Ghosh S, Lan C, Li J. Inverse similarity and reliable negative samples for drug side-effect prediction. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 19:554. [PMID: 30717666 PMCID: PMC7402513 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In silico prediction of potential drug side-effects is of crucial importance for drug development, since wet experimental identification of drug side-effects is expensive and time-consuming. Existing computational methods mainly focus on leveraging validated drug side-effect relations for the prediction. The performance is severely impeded by the lack of reliable negative training data. Thus, a method to select reliable negative samples becomes vital in the performance improvement. METHODS Most of the existing computational prediction methods are essentially based on the assumption that similar drugs are inclined to share the same side-effects, which has given rise to remarkable performance. It is also rational to assume an inverse proposition that dissimilar drugs are less likely to share the same side-effects. Based on this inverse similarity hypothesis, we proposed a novel method to select highly-reliable negative samples for side-effect prediction. The first step of our method is to build a drug similarity integration framework to measure the similarity between drugs from different perspectives. This step integrates drug chemical structures, drug target proteins, drug substituents, and drug therapeutic information as features into a unified framework. Then, a similarity score between each candidate negative drug and validated positive drugs is calculated using the similarity integration framework. Those candidate negative drugs with lower similarity scores are preferentially selected as negative samples. Finally, both the validated positive drugs and the selected highly-reliable negative samples are used for predictions. RESULTS The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on simulative side-effect prediction of 917 DrugBank drugs, comparing with four machine-learning algorithms. Extensive experiments show that the drug similarity integration framework has superior capability in capturing drug features, achieving much better performance than those based on a single type of drug property. Besides, the four machine-learning algorithms achieved significant improvement in macro-averaging F1-score (e.g., SVM from 0.655 to 0.898), macro-averaging precision (e.g., RBF from 0.592 to 0.828) and macro-averaging recall (e.g., KNN from 0.651 to 0.772) complimentarily attributed to the highly-reliable negative samples selected by the proposed method. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the inverse similarity hypothesis and the integration of different drug properties are valuable for side-effect prediction. The selection of highly-reliable negative samples can also make significant contributions to the performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Advanced Analytics Institute, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Advanced Analytics Institute, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shameek Ghosh
- Advanced Analytics Institute, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chaowang Lan
- Advanced Analytics Institute, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jinyan Li
- Advanced Analytics Institute, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Kim EY, Seol JE, Choi JH, Kim NY, Shin JG. Allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: A report of three cases with the HLA-B*58:01 allele who underwent lymphocyte activation test. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2017; 25:63-66. [PMID: 32133321 PMCID: PMC7042004 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome are reportedly associated with the HLA-B*58:01 genotype. Three patients who developed SCARs after allopurinol administration were subjected to HLA-B genotyping and lymphocyte activation test (LAT) to evaluate genetic risk and to detect the causative agent, respectively. All three patients given allopurinol to treat gout were diagnosed with DRESS syndrome. Symptom onset commenced 7-24 days after drug exposure; the patients took allopurinol (100-200 mg/d) for 2-30 days. HLA-B genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-based typing (SBT) method. All patients had a single HLA-B*58:01 allele: HLA-B*13:02/*58:01 (a 63-year-old male), HLA-B*48:01/*58:01 (a 71-year-old female), and HLA-B*44:03/*58:01 (a 22-year-old male). Only the last patient yielded a positive LAT result, confirming that allopurinol was the causative agent. These findings suggest that patients with HLA-B*58:01 may develop SCARs upon allopurinol administration. Therefore, HLA-B genotyping could be helpful in preventing serious problems attributable to allopurinol treatment, although PCR-SBT HLA-B genotyping is time consuming. A simple genotyping test is required in practice. LAT may help to identify a causative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Seol
- Department of Dermatology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeog Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yul Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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A Case of Dasatinib-Induced Hemorrhagic Colitis Diagnosed by the Lymphocyte Transformation Test in a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patient. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016; 32:96-99. [PMID: 27408366 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is an effective treatment option for patients diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia and who are non-responsive or intolerant to imatinib treatment. Dasatinib, however, is associated with various adverse effects and on rare occasions, may cause hemorrhagic colitis. We report the case of a 68-year-old male patient with dasatinib-induced hemorrhagic colitis, the first such case in Korea. Endoscopic biopsy of the transverse colon demonstrated non-specific inflammatory changes only. Cessation of dasatinib led to the resolution of symptoms, while reintroduction of the therapy led to the recurrence of his bloody diarrhea. To clarify the association between dasatinib and hemorrhagic colitis, the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was performed. The LTT result sustained a relatively high proliferation activity in the affected patient compared with almost no proliferation activity in normal control.
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Gonçalo M, Coutinho I, Teixeira V, Gameiro A, Brites M, Nunes R, Martinho A. HLA-B*58:01is a risk factor for allopurinol-induced DRESS and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Portuguese population. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:660-5. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Coutinho
- Clinic of Dermatology; Coimbra University Hospital; Praceta Mota Pinto; P-3000-075; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - V. Teixeira
- Clinic of Dermatology; Coimbra University Hospital; Praceta Mota Pinto; P-3000-075; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - A.R. Gameiro
- Clinic of Dermatology; Coimbra University Hospital; Praceta Mota Pinto; P-3000-075; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - M.M. Brites
- Clinic of Dermatology; Coimbra University Hospital; Praceta Mota Pinto; P-3000-075; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - R. Nunes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Histocompatibility Center of Coimbra; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - A. Martinho
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Histocompatibility Center of Coimbra; Coimbra; Portugal
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Lim WS, Kim DH, Jin SY, Choi YS, Lee SH, Huh HJ, Chae SL, Lee AY. A case of fixed drug eruption due to doxycycline and erythromycin present in food. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 5:337-9. [PMID: 24003392 PMCID: PMC3756182 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.5.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A fixed drug eruption (FDE) is not difficult to diagnose, given its clinical characteristics. However, the causative agent can be difficult to identify, particularly when the patient denies ingestion of any drugs. To the best of our knowledge, we present herein the first reported case of an FDE caused by antibiotics taken in food; doxycycline and erythromycin contained in pork and fish. A 57-year-old female experienced repeated episodes of well-demarcated erythematous patches covering her entire body. She denied taking any medications, but she thought that the lesions appeared after consuming pork and/or fish. An oral provocation test showed positive results for doxycycline and erythromycin, commonly used antibiotics in live-stock farming and in the fishing industry. Because of the antibiotics' thermostability, cooking does not guarantee the elimination of residual drugs. From the patient's history, we concluded that doxycycline and erythromycin contained in the pork and fish that she ate were the cause of the FDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Suk Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
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