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Evcen R, Çölkesen F, Yıldız E, Sadi Aykan F, Kılınç M, Akkuş FA, Arslan Ş. Increasing Prevalence of Sensitization to Cat/Dog Allergens in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 185:133-141. [PMID: 37918371 PMCID: PMC11251650 DOI: 10.1159/000534173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cat and dog allergens are common indoor triggers for respiratory allergies such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of cat and dog allergies in adults and analyze changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 8,102 patients who visited an allergy clinic and underwent skin prick testing (SPT) from March 2018 to March 2022: 2 years before and 2 years during the pandemic. Demographic information, clinical attributes, and laboratory results were examined based on patient records. RESULTS Of 8,102 SPTs performed, 400 (4.9%) were sensitized to cat allergen and 289 (3.6%) to dog allergen. Allergic rhinitis was the predominant clinical diagnosis in both groups. Of the 400 subjects exposed to cats, 240 (60%) experienced allergic symptoms, while of the 289 subjects exposed to dogs, 65 (22.5%) experienced allergic symptoms during exposure. Within the cat-sensitized group, anaphylaxis was observed in 5 patients (1.3%), while no cases of anaphylaxis were reported in the dog-sensitized group. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, patients presenting during the pandemic had higher rates of cat and dog sensitization (5.7% vs. 4.1%; p < 0.05, 5.2% vs. 1.7%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in cat and dog allergies among adults. Increased exposure to pet antigens, both directly and indirectly, has resulted in more people becoming sensitized to cats or dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Evcen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Çölkesen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Eray Yıldız
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Necip Fazıl City Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Filiz Sadi Aykan
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kılınç
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Arzu Akkuş
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şevket Arslan
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Lee HY, Lee SM, Kang SY, Kim K, Kim JH, Ryu G, Min JY, Park KH, Park SY, Sung M, Lee Y, Yang EA, Jee HM, Ha EK, Shin YS, Chung EH, Choi SH, Koh YI, Kim ST, Nahm DH, Park JW, Shim JY, An YM, Han DH, Han MY, Lee YW, Choi JH. KAAACI Guidelines for Allergen Immunotherapy. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:725-756. [PMID: 37957792 PMCID: PMC10643862 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.6.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a causative treatment for various allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and bee venom allergy that induces tolerance to offending allergens. The need for uniform practice guidelines in AIT is continuously growing because of the increasing discovery of potential candidates for AIT and evolving interest in new therapeutic approaches. This guideline is an updated version of the Korean Academy of Asthma Allergy and Clinical Immunology recommendations for AIT published in 2010. This updated guideline proposes an expert opinion by allergy, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology specialists with an extensive literature review. The guideline deals with basic knowledge and methodological aspects of AIT, including mechanisms, clinical efficacy, patient selection, allergens extract selection, schedule and doses, management of adverse reactions, efficacy measurements, and special consideration in pediatrics. The guidelines for sublingual immunotherapy will be covered in detail in a separate article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Yoon Kang
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwanghui Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Myongsoon Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Il Koh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seon Tae Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Nahm
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Doo Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Won Lee
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Health Policy Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hee Choi
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea.
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Bergmann K, Raab J, Graessel A, Zwingers T, Becker S, Kugler S, Zuberbier T, Roth‐Walter F, Kramer MF, Jensen‐Jarolim E. The holo beta-lactoglobulin lozenge reduces symptoms in cat allergy-Evaluation in an allergen exposure chamber and by titrated nasal allergen challenge. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12274. [PMID: 37488734 PMCID: PMC10314279 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allergists´ tool box in cat allergy management is limited. Clinical studies have shown that holo beta-lactoglobulin (holoBLG) can restore micronutritional deficits in atopic immune cells and alleviate allergic symptoms in a completely allergen-nonspecific manner. With this study, we aimed to provide proof of principle in cat allergy. METHODS A novel challenge protocol for cat allergy in a standardized ECARF allergen exposure chamber (AEC) was developed. In an open pilot study (NCT05455749), patients with clinically relevant cat allergy were provoked with cat allergen for 120 min in the AEC before and after a 3-month intervention phase (holoBLG lozenge 2x daily). Nasal, conjunctival, bronchial, and pruritus symptoms were scored every 10 min- constituting the total symptom score (TSS). Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was measured every 30 min. In addition, a titrated nasal provocation test (NPT) was performed before and after the intervention. Primary endpoint was change in TSS at the end of final exposure compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints included changes in PNIF, NPT, and occurrence of late reactions up to 24 h after exposure. RESULTS 35 patients (mean age: 40 years) completed the study. Compared to baseline, holoBLG supplementation resulted in significant improvement in median TSS of 50% (p < 0.001), as well as in median nasal flow by 20 L/min (p = 0.0035). 20% of patients reported late reactions after baseline exposure, but 0% after the final exposure. CONCLUSIONS Cat allergic patients profited from targeted micronutrition with the holoBLG lozenge. As previously seen in other allergies, holoBLG supplementation also induced immune resilience in cat allergies, resulting in significant symptom amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl‐Christian Bergmann
- Institute of AllergologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPAllergology and ImmunologyBerlinGermany
- ECARF—European Centre for Allergy Research FoundationBerlinGermany
| | | | - Anke Graessel
- Bencard Allergie GmbHMunichGermany
- Allergy Therapeutics (UK) plcWorthingUK
| | | | - Sylvia Becker
- ECARF—European Centre for Allergy Research FoundationBerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Kugler
- ECARF—European Centre for Allergy Research FoundationBerlinGermany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of AllergologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPAllergology and ImmunologyBerlinGermany
| | - Franziska Roth‐Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the Medical University ViennaMedical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Matthias F. Kramer
- Bencard Allergie GmbHMunichGermany
- Allergy Therapeutics (UK) plcWorthingUK
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the Medical University ViennaMedical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Biomedical International R+D GmbHViennaAustria
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Gültuna S. Clinical characteristics of cat sensitized adults, cat ownership and cat owners' attitudes. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:e65-e71. [PMID: 36335422 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cat allergen sensitization is a significant risk factor for allergic rhinitis and asthma. There are insufficient data on the preferences and attitudes of cat owners who have a cat allergy. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of adults sensitized to cats and their association with cat ownership, and to assess owners' attitudes and behaviors. Methods: The study evaluated adult patients, ages between 19 and 74 years, who were sensitized to cat allergen as confirmed by skin-prick tests. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were obtained retrospectively from the hospital medical records system. A telephone interview with patients was conducted to evaluate whether they owned a cat and their attitudes toward cat allergy. A total of 143 patients who could not be reached by telephone or who refused to participate in the study were excluded. Patients were categorized into never owned a cat, early cat ownership (having a cat or cats in the first 2 years of the patient's life), and past and current cat ownership according to the status of patients at the time of their skin-prick test. Current cat owners were questioned whether they relinquished their cats and the presence and the degree of symptoms of both patients who relinquished their cats and patients who continued to live with their cats. Results: A total of 245 patients (women/men, 151/94) with a mean age of 31.56 ± 11.33 were included in the study. Eighty-three patients (33.9%) were current cat owners. After the skin-prick test, 54 cat owners (66.1%) continued living with their cats. Two-thirds of these owners were symptomatic, with 95% experiencing nasal symptoms. Only five of the patients with symptoms (14.3%) reported worsening symptoms. Any significant impact on symptoms was not determined with regard to number of cats, cat breeds, and precautionary measures. Conclusion: Cat allergen is a potential risk for public health. The clinician must engage in shared decision-making as to what type of environmental changes that the patient is willing to make and what treatment options, if any, they are ready to accept, recognizing that most patients will prefer to keep their cats.
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Kang SY, Yang MS, Borres MP, Andersson M, Lee SM, Lee SP. The association between specific IgE antibodies to component allergens and allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure among Korean pet exhibition participants. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100709. [PMID: 36321071 PMCID: PMC9574497 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Component resolved diagnostics (CRD) in dog and cat allergy is not sufficiently investigated, especially regarding new components such as Can f 4, Can f 6, and Fel d 7. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential role of CRD with new components in predicting allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure. Methods Among 552 Korean adults who participated in a pet exhibition and completed questionnaires regarding exposure to dog or cat and allergic symptoms, 522 were venipunctured for measurement of IgE and IgG4 antibody concentration against dog and cat dander extract and underwent skin prick test (SPT). In 238 individuals who were sensitized for both dog and cat dander extract, the dog IgE components (Can f 1–6) and the cat components (Fel d 1/2/4/7) were analyzed. Results An increasing number of sensitizing components was associated with the likelihood of having any allergic symptoms (P < 0.001 for dog and P < 0.01 for cat), and those of asthma (P < 0.01 for dog and P < 0.05 for cat) and rhinoconjunctivitis (P < 0.001 for dog and P < 0.05 for cat). Pairwise correlation of IgE levels was r = 0.56 (P < 0.001) for Can f 6 and Fel d 4, r = 0.74 (P < 0.001) for Can f 1 and Fel d 7 and r = 0.84 (P < 0.001) for Can f 3 and Fel d 2. Conclusions Polysensitization to dog and cat allergen components is associated with high likelihood of having allergic symptoms during exposure to dogs and cats. Cross-reactivity between dog and cat allergen components is also identified. CRD has a potential in fine-tuning prediction for allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure.
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Siti Sarah CO, Nur Husna SM, Md. Shukri N, Wong KK, Mohd Ashari NS. Zonula occludens-1 expression is reduced in nasal epithelial cells of allergic rhinitis patients. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13314. [PMID: 35480562 PMCID: PMC9037125 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic disease characterized by disruption of nasal epithelial barrier. In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2 and ZO-3 and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 in AR patients compared to healthy controls. RNA samples were extracted from nasal epithelial cells of house dust mites (HDMs)-sensitized AR patients and healthy controls (n = 28 in each group). The RNAs were reverse transcribed into cDNAs for measurement of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression levels by quantitative PCR. The mRNA expression of ZO-1 was significantly decreased in AR patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.010). No significant difference was observed in the expression levels of ZO-2, ZO-3, HDAC1 and HDAC2 in AR patients compared to healthy controls. We found significant associations of higher HDAC2 levels in AR patients with lower frequency of changing bedsheet (p = 0.043) and with AR patients sensitized to Dermatophagoides farinae (p = 0.041). Higher expression of ZO-2 was observed in AR patients who had pets (p = 0.007). In conclusion, our data indicated that ZO-1 expression was lower in AR patients contributing to decreased integrity of nasal epithelial barrier integrity, and HDAC2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Othman Siti Sarah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md. Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Human allergy to cats affects a substantial and growing proportion of the global population, and cat allergy is regarded as the third most common cause of human respiratory allergies, and the second most common indoor cause. Veterinarians will frequently encounter owners who are cat-allergic, and having an understanding of this disease and the methods available to help control the allergy will assist them in giving appropriate advice, alongside human healthcare professionals. AIM The aim of this review is to summarise currently available data on the prevalence, causes, symptoms and control of human allergy to cats. In terms of managing cat allergy, the emphasis is on reviewing current and emerging modalities to reduce environmental exposure to cat allergens rather than on pharmacotherapy or immunotherapy, as it is in these areas in particular that the veterinarian may be able to offer help and advice to complement that of human healthcare professionals. EVIDENCE BASE The information in this review is drawn from the current and historical literature on human allergy to cats, and approaches to reduce exposure to cat allergens and manage symptoms of cat allergy.
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陈 艳, 普 晓, 陈 俊, 王 晓, 王 洪, 王 学. [Sensitization pattern of cat and dog dander allergen in 16 426 patients with allergic diseases]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2021; 35:333-337. [PMID: 33794632 PMCID: PMC10128443 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the sensitization feature of cat and dog dander and time trend in northern region. Methods:During year 2017 to year 2019, subjects with self-reported allergic diseases received skin prick test for cat and dog dander allergen. Skin index(SI) ≥2+ was considered as positive SPT. SI2+ was defined as mild sensitization, SI3+ was defined as moderate sensitization while SI4+ was defined as severe sensitization. The age and gender difference of sensitization rate between cat and dog dander allergen was analyzed. Meanwhile, the trend of cat and dog dander sensitization rate was analyzed. Results:Overall, 16 426 subjects were enrolled in this study. ① The sensitization rate of cat dander was significantly higher than dog dander(11.8% vs 6.0%, P<0.001). Severe sensitization rate of cat dander was significantly higher than dog dander(5.9% vs 1.7%, P<0.001) while there was no significant difference of mild sensitization rate. ②Sensitization age of cat dander was younger than dog dander(P<0.001). Sensitization rate of cat and dog dander was higher in subjects ≤18y compared with those >18y(20.2% vs 10.9%, P<0.001; 8.1% vs 5.7%, P<0, 001). The highest sensitization rate was presented in 13-18y age group(27.3% vs 9.9%, P<0.001), following by 7-12y age group(26.0% vs 9.2%, P<0.001). Sensitization rate of cat dander was higher in male than in female(13.7% vs 10.7%, P<0.001) while no gender difference was observed in dog dander sensitization(6.2% vs 5.8%, P=0.411). ③595 subjects(3.6%) were both sensitized to cat and dog dander while 1733 subjects(10.6%) were sensitized either to cat or dog dander. Single sensitization rate of cat dander was higher than single sensitization rate of dog dander(8.2% vs 2.3%, P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the cat and dog dander sensitization rate(r=0.386, P<0.001). ④During 2017-2019, the sensitization rate of cat dander increased but without significantly statistic difference while dog dander sensitization rate was descending from 7.4% to 4.6% significantly(χ²=38.298, P<0.001). Conclusion:Cat dander sensitization rate was higher than dog dander with a peak age in adolescence. A trend of rising for cat dander allergy and descending for dog dander allergy was observed during the past three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- 艳蕾 陈
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科(北京,100038)Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心Allergy Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - 晓瑜 普
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心Allergy Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - 俊 陈
- 山东省滨州市中心医院皮肤性病科Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Shandong Province
| | - 晓艳 王
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科(北京,100038)Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心Allergy Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - 洪田 王
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科(北京,100038)Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心Allergy Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - 学艳 王
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科(北京,100038)Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心Allergy Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Zhu DX, Li L, Xu ZQ, Zhang C, Zhang JS, Sun JL, Wei JF. Cat-NPC2, a Newly Identified Allergen, With High Cross-Reactivity to Can f 7. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:122-140. [PMID: 33191681 PMCID: PMC7680833 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pet-derived allergens are the common indoor inhalant allergens. Among them, cat and dog allergens constitute more than 80% of animal allergic patients, which greatly affect the quality-of-life of patients and increase the burden of social health care. The aim of this study was to identify Cat-Niemann pick type C2 (NPC2) protein, a homologue of Can f 7, as a new allergen. Methods Cat-NPC2 complementary DNA (cDNA) was cloned and optimized for amplification and expression in Escherichia coli. Then, recombinant Cat-NPC2 (rCat-NPC2) was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The allergenicity was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot and basophil activation test (BAT). Based on the sequence similarity, the cross-reactivity between Cat-NPC2 and Can f 7 was investigated by inhibition ELISA. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and homology modeling were used to characterize the structure of Cat-NPC2. Results The cDNA sequence of Cat-NPC2 was cloned with a 450-bp open reading frame coding for 149 amino acids (GenBank MN_737596). The condon-optimized NPC2 gene was subcloned and expressed in E. coli with a molecular weight of 18.9 kDa. The native Cat-NPC2 was detected in cat dander extracts. The allergenicity determined by ELISA, western blot and BAT suggested at least 14.5% cat-allergic patients displayed high specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) recognition of Cat-NPC2. The predicted structure of Cat-NPC2 was found to consist of 7 β-strands arranged in 2 β-sheets. An ELISA based assay showed that rCat-NPC2 bound to cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Based on the structure and sequence similarities, IgE cross-reactivity was demonstrated between Cat-NPC2 and Can f 7/Der f 2. Conclusions In the study, a novel cat allergen, belonging to the NPC2 protein family, was identified and characterized at both molecular and immunological levels. The study will offer a deeper understanding of cat allergens and improve a component-resolved diagnosis in pet allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xuan Zhu
- Women & Children Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Qiang Xu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Women & Children Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Song Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Lyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ji Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Kang SY, Yang MS, Park SY, Kim JH, Won HK, Kwon OY, Lee JH, Kang YW, Jung JW, Song WJ, Kim SH, Lee SM, Lee SP. The role of allergen-specific IgE in predicting allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure among Korean pet exhibition participants. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100488. [PMID: 33312333 PMCID: PMC7702179 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The values of the skin prick test (SPT) and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) measurement in predicting dog and cat allergies remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of SPT and sIgE measurement in predicting self-reported allergic symptoms during exposure to dogs and cats in Korean adults. METHODS A total of 552 participants in a pet exhibition in Korea completed questionnaires regarding exposure to dog or cat and the development of allergic symptoms during exposure. Study participants also underwent SPT using 3 different commercially available reagents, and had their blood drawn for measurement of serum total IgE and dog/cat-dander-IgE using ImmunoCAP®. RESULTS Measurement of sIgE for dog and cat dander allergens provided the highest positive and negative predictive values and sensitivity, but not specificity (58%, 87.2%, 67.9%, and 93.1% for allergic symptoms on dog exposure; 64.7%, 83.2%, 74.8%, and 88.9% for those on cat exposure, respectively), in predicting self-reported allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure. The sIgE level consistently exhibited the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.749 and 0.719 for allergic symptoms on dog and cat exposure, respectively). Careful interpretation of SPT and sIgE measurements maximized the positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting allergic symptoms on dog exposure (71.4%, 87.3%, 75.3%, and 99.3%) and those on cat exposure (71.4%, 85.3%, 79.3%, and 98.9%). CONCLUSIONS The measurement of dog and cat dander sIgE levels may be useful for the exclusion of allergic symptoms related to pet exposure. Collective interpretation of SPT and sIgE tests facilitates identification of allergic symptoms on dog or cat exposure, giving a better rule-in test result.
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Key Words
- A/H ratio, Allergen-to-histamine ratio
- AUC, Area under the curve
- Allergy
- Cats
- Dogs
- MWD, Mean wheal diameter
- NPV, Negative predictive value
- PPV, Positive predictive value
- ROC, Receiver-operating characteristic
- SN, Sensitivity
- SP, Specificity
- SPT, Skin prick test
- Skin prick test
- Specific IgE
- sIgE, Allergen-specific IgE
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yoon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Kyeong Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Young Kwon
- DreamKwon Internal Medicine Allergy Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Won Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Jeong K, Jeon SA, Lee S. IgE recognition profile of aeroallergen components in young children sensitized to dogs. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e33. [PMID: 32789118 PMCID: PMC7402952 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pet ownership is increasing rapidly and as growing numbers of dogs in household, clinicians are facing more allergic patients and so as in young children. Objective This study aims to profile the IgE recognition patterns to aeroallergen components in young children sensitized to dogs. Methods Through retrospective chart reviews, we evaluated the clinical, environmental, and laboratory findings of patients sensitized to dogs in early life. We further evaluated specific IgE to dog component allergens (Can f 1, Can f 2, and Can f 3) and other aeroallergens using a microarray. Results The median age of 28 patients sensitized to dogs (dog-specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kU/L; 0.38–101 kU/L) was 61 months and underlying diseases included doctor diagnosed atopic dermatitis (n = 17), asthma (n = 7), and allergic rhinitis (n = 5). Twenty patients (71.4%) had experienced self-reported dog allergy and 70.0% of them were symptomatic after exposed to dogs from others. Component-resolved diagnosis was performed on 18 patients. Can f 1 positivity was the most common (77.8%) but had no value in symptom prediction. The most common cosensitized aeroallergen was house dust mites (44.5%). The symptomatic group tended to be poly-sensitized to Can f 1, Can f 2, and Can f 3. Conclusion Can f 1 was dominantly detected and poly-sensitized to Can f 2 and/or Can f 3 simultaneously tend to develop hypersensitivity to dogs in young children. Most of them were exposed to dogs not living with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyunguk Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Se-Ah Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Hu LW, Yu S, Marks T, Zhang YT, Lodge CC, Dharmage SC, Gurram N, Bloom MS, Lin S, Zeeshan M, Yu HY, Zhou Y, Liu RQ, Yang BY, Zeng XW, Hu Q, Dong GH. The time window of pet ownership exposure modifies the relationship of Environmental Tobacco Smoke with lung function: A large population-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109197. [PMID: 32058142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a large body of evidence linking Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure with impaired lung function. However, it is not known whether exposure to pets modifies this relationship. To investigate if pet ownership changes the association between ETS exposure and lung function, a population-based sample of 7326 children, 7-14 years old, were randomly recruited from 24 districts in northeast China. Lung function including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) was measured by spirometry, while pet ownership time periods and ETS exposure were collected by questionnaire. Two-level regression analysis was done, with covariates controlled for. The results showed pet exposure in certain early lifetime windows modified the associations of ETS exposure on decreased lung function in children. Among children exposed to current ETS, those exposed to pets in utero had greater reductions in lung function (for instance: OR for reduced FVC (<85% predicted) = 10.86; 95% CI: 3.80-30.97) than those not exposed to pets in utero (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.76-3.05) (pinteraction = 0.005). While, children exposed to current pet ownership reduced the lung function impairment induced by ETS exposure during the first 2 years of life and/or ETS exposure during pregnancy, especially for FVC impairment. For instance, OR (95%CI) for reduced FVC (<85% predicted) was 0.81 (0.56, 1.18) and 1.42 (1.15, 1.74), respectively, for children with or without current pet ownership exposed to ETS during the first 2 years of life (pinteraction = 0.010). Furthermore, pet type or number of pets did not significantly modify associations between ETS exposure and lung function. In conclusion, the timing of pet ownership modified associations between ETS exposure and lung function, pet ownership in utero and during the first 2 years of life significantly worsened the adverse impacts of passive smoking on lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tia Marks
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Yun-Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caroline C Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Namratha Gurram
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong-Yao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Lee SM. Occupational allergy in veterinary clinic workers. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2020. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2020.8.4.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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