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Brusko MA, Stewart JM, Posgai AL, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM, Keselowsky BG. Immunomodulatory Dual-Sized Microparticle System Conditions Human Antigen Presenting Cells Into a Tolerogenic Phenotype In Vitro and Inhibits Type 1 Diabetes-Specific Autoreactive T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574447. [PMID: 33193362 PMCID: PMC7649824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current monotherapeutic agents fail to restore tolerance to self-antigens in autoimmune individuals without systemic immunosuppression. We hypothesized that a combinatorial drug formulation delivered by a poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) dual-sized microparticle (dMP) system would facilitate tunable drug delivery to elicit immune tolerance. Specifically, we utilized 30 µm MPs to provide local sustained release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) along with 1 µm MPs to facilitate phagocytic uptake of encapsulated antigen and 1α,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 (VD3) followed by tolerogenic antigen presentation. We previously demonstrated the dMP system ameliorated type 1 diabetes (T1D) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in murine models. Here, we investigated the system's capacity to impact human cell activity in vitro to advance clinical translation. dMP treatment directly reduced T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. dMP delivery to monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) increased their expression of surface and intracellular anti-inflammatory mediators. In co-culture, dMP-treated DCs (dMP-DCs) reduced allogeneic T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and proliferation, while increasing PD-1 expression, IL-10 production, and regulatory T cell (Treg) frequency. To model antigen-specific activation and downstream function, we co-cultured TCR-engineered autoreactive T cell "avatars," with dMP-DCs or control DCs followed by β-cell line (ßlox5) target cells. For G6PC2-specific CD8+ avatars (clone 32), dMP-DC exposure reduced Granzyme B and dampened cytotoxicity. GAD65-reactive CD4+ avatars (clone 4.13) exhibited an anergic/exhausted phenotype with dMP-DC presence. Collectively, these data suggest this dMP formulation conditions human antigen presenting cells toward a tolerogenic phenotype, inducing regulatory and suppressive T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maigan A. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M. Stewart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda L. Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Blasius E, Gülden E, Kolb H, Habich C, Burkart V. The Autoantigenic Proinsulin B-Chain Peptide B11-23 Synergises with the 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein DnaK in Macrophage Stimulation. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4834673. [PMID: 30622969 PMCID: PMC6304834 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4834673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (Hsp) act as intracellular chaperones and in addition are used as adjuvant in vaccines of peptides complexed with recombinant Hsp. By interacting with autologous peptides, Hsp may promote the induction of autoimmune reactivity. OBJECTIVE Here, we analysed whether the effect of Hsp on macrophages is modulated by insulin peptides known to interact with Hsp. RESULTS Combinations of the 70 kDa Hsp DnaK with peptide B11-23 from the core region of the proinsulin B-chain induced the release of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-1β from cells of human and murine macrophage lines. In parallel, there was high-affinity binding of B11-23 to DnaK. DnaK mixed with peptides from other regions of the insulin molecule did not stimulate cytokine secretion. DnaK alone induced little cytokine production, and peptides alone induced none. CONCLUSION The macrophage-stimulating potential of Hsp70 family proteins when combined with the proinsulin B-chain peptide B11-23 may contribute to the immunodominance of this peptide in the development of beta cell-directed autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Blasius
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elke Gülden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Kolb
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- West German Center of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, D-40591 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Habich
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Sun H, Han X, Yan X, Xu J, Huang Q, Meng F, Zhang H, Li S. A novel mimovirus encoding ChgA 10-19 peptide with PD-L1 induces T cell tolerance and ameliorates the severity of diabetes. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:56-61. [PMID: 28916112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Related studies demonstrate that type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by β-cell antigen specific autoreactive CD8+ T cells. ChgA has recently been identified as the autoantigen in NOD mice and T1D patients. Therefore, attenuating the activation of ChgA specific CD8+ T cells might be a promising target for T1D therapy. The negative co-stimulatory PD-L1 inhibits T cell mediated alloimmunity and induces tolerance. In this experiment, a novel mimovirus encoding ChgA10-19 peptide with PD-L1 was constructed. The NOD.β2m null HHD mice were administrated with mimovirus transduced DCs. After immunization, the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells were detected, diabetes incidence and pancreatic tissue destruction were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that transduced DCs attenuated CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation. In addition, transduced DCs inhibited CD8+ T response to ChgA stimulation, and ameliorated the severity of diabetes. These data suggested that mimovirus transduced DCs might provide novel clues for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Outpatient, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China
| | - Xiuhui Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China
| | - Jingli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China
| | - Qiujing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China
| | - Fanqing Meng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China
| | - Hongjin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China
| | - Shufa Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong 276000, China.
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Zhou Z, Reyes-Vargas E, Escobar H, Rudd B, Rockwood AL, Delgado JC, He X, Jensen PE. Type 1 diabetes associated HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 molecules are relatively resistant to HLA-DM mediated release of invariant chain-derived CLIP peptides. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:834-45. [PMID: 26707565 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
HLA-DM is essential for editing peptides bound to MHC class II, thus influencing the repertoire of peptides mediating selection and activation of CD4(+) T cells. Individuals expressing HLA-DQ2 or DQ8, and DQ2/8 trans-dimers, have elevated risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Cells coexpressing DM with these DQ molecules were observed to express elevated levels of CLIP (Class II associated invariant chain peptide). Relative resistance to DM-mediated editing of CLIP was further confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis of eluted peptides, which also demonstrated peptides from known T1D-associated autoantigens, including a shared epitope from ZnT8 that is presented by all four major T1D-susceptible DQ molecules. Assays with purified recombinant soluble proteins confirmed that DQ2-CLIP complexes are highly resistant to DM editing, whereas DQ8-CLIP is partially sensitive to DM, but with an apparent reduction in catalytic potency. DM sensitivity was enhanced in mutant DQ8 molecules with disruption of hydrogen bonds that stabilize DQ8 near the DM-binding region. Our findings show that T1D-susceptible DQ2 and DQ8 share significant resistance to DM editing, compared with control DQ molecules. The relative resistance of the T1D-susceptible DQ molecules to DM editing and preferential presentation of T1D-associated autoantigenic peptides may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Brant Rudd
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alan L Rockwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Julio C Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter E Jensen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Coppieters KT, von Herrath MG. Metabolic syndrome - Removing roadblocks to therapy: Antigenic immunotherapies. Mol Metab 2014; 3:275-83. [PMID: 24749057 PMCID: PMC3986497 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 25 per cent of the world׳s adult population may have the metabolic syndrome, a condition closely associated with central obesity. The metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and therefore represents an important worldwide health problem. In addition to metabolic abnormalities such as raised fasting plasma glucose, high cholesterol and high blood pressure, there is consensus that obese subjects develop a state of low-grade chronic immune activation. This sustained pro-inflammatory response in fat tissue is thought to worsen insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Likewise, the immune system contributes to the detrimental cascade of events leading to plaque formation in atherosclerosis. It has long been assumed that the innate arm of the immune system was the only key player, but emerging evidence suggests that there is in fact a sizeable adaptive immune component to obesity and cardiovascular disease. From a therapeutic perspective, it could be envisioned that immune modulation drugs such as cytokine inhibitors, co-stimulation blockers or anti-T cell agents could offer benefit. It is questionable, however, whether chronic treatment with for instance biologicals will have a favorable risk/benefit profile in a silent condition such as the metabolic syndrome. An attractive alternative could be the development of antigen-specific T cell therapies, not unlike those currently in various phases of development for type 1 diabetes. In this article, we will give an overview of antigen-specific treatment modalities in type 1 diabetes, followed by a review of the evidence for T cell involvement in obesity and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias G. von Herrath
- Type 1 Diabetes R&D Center, Novo Nordisk Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
- Type 1 Diabetes Center, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Type 1 Diabetes Center, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, USA. Tel.: +1 858 752 6817; fax: +1 858 752 6993.
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