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Natama HM, Rovira-Vallbona E, Krit M, Guetens P, Sorgho H, Somé MA, Traoré-Coulibaly M, Valéa I, Mens PF, Schallig HDFH, Berkvens D, Kestens L, Tinto H, Rosanas-Urgell A. Genetic variation in the immune system and malaria susceptibility in infants: a nested case-control study in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Malar J 2021; 20:94. [PMID: 33593344 PMCID: PMC7885350 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms in the human immune system modulate susceptibility to malaria. However, there is a paucity of data on the contribution of immunogenetic variants to malaria susceptibility in infants, who present differential biological features related to the immaturity of their adaptive immune system, the protective effect of maternal antibodies and fetal haemoglobin. This study investigated the association between genetic variation in innate immune response genes and malaria susceptibility during the first year of life in 656 infants from a birth cohort survey performed in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. METHODS Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 genes of the immune system previously associated with different malaria phenotypes were genotyped using TaqMan allelic hybridization assays in a Fluidigm platform. Plasmodium falciparum infection and clinical disease were documented by active and passive case detection. Case-control association analyses for both alleles and genotypes were carried out using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. For cytokines showing significant SNP associations in multivariate analyses, cord blood supernatant concentrations were measured by quantitative suspension array technology (Luminex). RESULTS Genetic variants in IL-1β (rs1143634) and FcγRIIA/CD32 (rs1801274)-both in allelic, dominant and co-dominant models-were significantly associated with protection from both P. falciparum infection and clinical malaria. Furthermore, heterozygote individuals with rs1801274 SNP in FcγRIIA/CD32 showed higher IL-1RA levels compared to wild-type homozygotes (P = 0.024), a cytokine whose production is promoted by the binding of IgG immune complexes to Fcγ receptors on effector immune cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that genetic polymorphisms in genes driving innate immune responses are associated to malaria susceptibility during the first year of life, possibly by modulating production of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamatandi Magloire Natama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Meryam Krit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Guetens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - M Athanase Somé
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Petra F Mens
- Department of Medical Microbiology-Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk D F H Schallig
- Department of Medical Microbiology-Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Berkvens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Kestens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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2
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Amiah MA, Ouattara A, Okou DT, N'Guetta SPA, Yavo W. Polymorphisms in Fc Gamma Receptors and Susceptibility to Malaria in an Endemic Population. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561142. [PMID: 33281811 PMCID: PMC7689034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated infections by Plasmodium falciparum result in a humoral response that could reduce disease symptoms and prevent the development of clinical malaria. The principal mechanism underlying this humoral response is that immunoglobulin G (IgG) binds directly to the parasites, thus causing their neutralization. However, the action of antibodies alone is not always sufficient to eliminate pathogens from an organism. One key element involved in the recognition of IgG that plays a crucial role in the destruction of the parasites responsible for spreading malaria is the family of Fc gamma receptors. These receptors are expressed on the surface of immune cells. Several polymorphisms have been detected in the genes encoding these receptors, associated with susceptibility or resistance to malaria in different populations. In this review, we describe identified polymorphisms within the family of Fc gamma receptors and the impact of these variations on the response of a host to infection as well as provide new perspectives for the design of an effective vaccine for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ahou Amiah
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Amed Ouattara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - David Tea Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo N'Guetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - William Yavo
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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3
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Adu B, Cherif MK, Bosomprah S, Diarra A, Arthur FKN, Dickson EK, Corradin G, Cavanagh DR, Theisen M, Sirima SB, Nebie I, Dodoo D. Antibody levels against GLURP R2, MSP1 block 2 hybrid and AS202.11 and the risk of malaria in children living in hyperendemic (Burkina Faso) and hypo-endemic (Ghana) areas. Malar J 2016; 15:123. [PMID: 26921176 PMCID: PMC4769494 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Differences in parasite transmission intensity influence the process of acquisition of host immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria and ultimately, the rate of malaria related morbidity and mortality. Potential vaccines being designed to complement current intervention efforts therefore need to be evaluated against different malaria endemicity backgrounds. Methods The associations between antibody responses to the chimeric merozoite surface protein 1 block 2 hybrid (MSP1 hybrid), glutamate-rich protein region 2 (GLURP R2) and the peptide AS202.11, and the risk of malaria were assessed in children living in malaria hyperendemic (Burkina Faso, n = 354) and hypo-endemic (Ghana, n = 209) areas. Using the same reagent lots and standardized protocols for both study sites, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG and IgG sub-class levels to each antigen were measured by ELISA in plasma from the children (aged 6–72 months). Associations between antibody levels and risk of malaria were assessed using Cox regression models adjusting for covariates. Results There was a significant association between GLURP R2 IgG3 and reduced risk of malaria after adjusting age of children in both the Burkinabe (hazard ratio 0.82; 95 % CI 0.74–0.91, p < 0.0001) and the Ghanaian (HR 0.48; 95 % CI 0.25–0.91, p = 0.02) cohorts. MSP1 hybrid IgM was associated (HR 0.85; 95 % CI 0.73–0.98, p = 0.02) with reduced risk of malaria in Burkina Faso cohort while IgG against AS202.11 in the Ghanaian children was associated with increased risk of malaria (HR 1.29; 95 % CI 1.01–1.65, p = 0.04). Conclusion These findings support further development of GLURP R2 and MSP1 block 2 hybrid, perhaps as a fusion vaccine antigen targeting malaria blood stage that can be deployed in areas of varying transmission intensity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1146-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Adu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Mariama K Cherif
- Polytechnic University of BoboDioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | | | - Amidou Diarra
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Fareed K N Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Emmanuel K Dickson
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
| | | | - David R Cavanagh
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sodiomon B Sirima
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Issa Nebie
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Daniel Dodoo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
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4
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Cherif MK, Sanou GS, Bougouma EC, Diarra A, Ouédraogo A, Dolo A, Troye-Blomberg M, Cavanagh DR, Theisen M, Modiano D, Sirima SB, Nebié I. Is Fc gamma receptor IIA (FcγRIIA) polymorphism associated with clinical malaria and Plasmodium falciparum specific antibody levels in children from Burkina Faso? Acta Trop 2015; 142:41-6. [PMID: 25447268 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the influences of FcγRIIA polymorphism on susceptibility to malaria and antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens were analyzed in children. We recruited 96 healthy children between 3 and 10 years at the beginning of the high transmission season and we followed up for 5 months through the high transmission season to assess the parasitological, immunological and genetic endpoints in relation to clinical malaria status. There was a similar distribution of homozygous and heterozygous individuals carrying the FcγRIIA-131R/R and FcγRIIA-131R/H allele, whereas the number of FcγRIIA-131H/H homozygous individuals was lower. P. falciparum infection frequency was not associated with the FcγRIIa-131R/H polymorphism. Only IgG antibody responses to GLURP R0 showed a significant association between antibody levels and FcγRIIA polymorphism (p=0.02). IgG levels to MSP2a were significantly higher in children who did not experience any clinical malaria episode compared to those who experienced at least one malaria episode (p=0.019). Cytophilic and non-cytophylic IgG subclass levels were higher in children without malaria than those who experienced at least one malaria episode. This difference was statistically significant for IgG1 to MSP3 (p=0.003) and to MSP2a (p=0.006); IgG3 to MSP2a (p=0.007) and to GLURP R0 (p=0.044); IgG2 to MSP2b (p=0.007) and IgG4 to MSP3 (p=0.051) and to MSP2a (p=0.049). In this study, homozygous carriers of the FcγRIIA-131R/R allele had higher malaria-specific antibody levels compare to the heterozygous carriers FcγRIIA-131R/H alleles and to homozygous carriers of FcγRIIA-131H/H alleles. The pre-existing antibodies responses were related to a reduced subsequent risk of clinical malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama K Cherif
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Guillaume S Sanou
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Polytechnic University of Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Edith C Bougouma
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amidou Diarra
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Alphonse Ouédraogo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amagana Dolo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - David R Cavanagh
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Modiano
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sodiomon B Sirima
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Issa Nebié
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
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5
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Flinsenberg TW, Janssen WJ, Herczenik E, Boross P, Nederend M, Jongeneel LH, Scholman RC, Boelens JJ, Maas C, van Gijn ME, van Montfrans JM, Leusen JH, Boes M. A novel FcγRIIa Q27W gene variant is associated with common variable immune deficiency through defective FcγRIIa downstream signaling. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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6
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Zhao J, Ma L, Chen S, Xie Y, Xie L, Deng Y, He Y, Li T, Wang J, Li S, Qin X. Association between Fc-gamma receptor IIa (CD32) gene polymorphism and malaria susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 6928 subjects. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:169-75. [PMID: 24594077 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies about the association between the -131R/H polymorphism in the Fc-gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) gene and malaria susceptibility have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify more accurately the association of this polymorphism with malaria risk. METHODS A systematic literature search of the associated studies up to August 1, 2013, was conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Statistical analyses were performed by STATA12.0 software, with odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Six eligible studies including 4111 malaria cases and 2817 controls were identified. A pooled analysis of these studies pointed to a significant association between the variant H allele and reduced susceptibility to malaria or possible protection against malaria: H vs. R (OR=0.691, POR=0.009); HH vs. RR (OR=0.523, POR=0.013); RH vs. RR (OR=0.770, POR=0.037); RH+HH vs. RR (OR=0.664, POR=0.019); and HH vs. RH+RR (OR=0.649, POR=0.037). In subgroup analysis, similar significant associations were also found in Asia (HH vs. RR: OR=0.137, POR=0.009; HH vs. RH+RR: OR=0.267, POR=0.000) and in Africa (RH vs. RR: OR=0.842, POR=0.002; RH+HH vs. RR: OR=0.859, POR=0.004). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the variant H allele of the FcγRIIa-131R/H polymorphism may be a protective factor against blood-stages of malaria infection, both in Asians and Africans. The finding may aid the development of effective immune protection strategies against malaria that focus on antibody responses and enrich current knowledge of gene polymorphism in the malaria. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yantong Xie
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Taijie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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7
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Maiga B, Dolo A, Touré O, Dara V, Tapily A, Campino S, Sepulveda N, Corran P, Rockett K, Clark TG, Blomberg MT, Doumbo OK. Fc gamma receptor IIa-H131R polymorphism and malaria susceptibility in sympatric ethnic groups, Fulani and Dogon of Mali. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:43-50. [PMID: 24117665 PMCID: PMC3992902 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously shown that there are some interethnic differences in susceptibility to malaria between two sympatric ethnic groups of Mali, the Fulani and the Dogon. The lower susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria seen in the Fulani has not been fully explained by genetic polymorphisms previously known to be associated with malaria resistance, including haemoglobin S (HbS), haemoglobin C (HbC), alpha-thalassaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Given the observed differences in the distribution of FcγRIIa allotypes among different ethnic groups and with malaria susceptibility that have been reported, we analysed the rs1801274-R131H polymorphism in the FcγRIIa gene in a study of Dogon and Fulani in Mali (n = 939). We confirm that the Fulani have less parasite densities, less parasite prevalence, more spleen enlargement and higher levels of total IgG antibodies (anti-CSP, anti-AMA1, anti-MSP1 and anti-MSP2) and more total IgE (P < 0.05) compared with the Dogon ethnic group. Furthermore, the Fulani exhibit higher frequencies of the blood group O (56.5%) compared with the Dogon (43.5%) (P < 0.001). With regard to the FcγRIIa polymorphism and allele frequency, the Fulani group have a higher frequency of the H allele (Fulani 0.474, Dogon 0.341, P < 0.0001), which was associated with greater total IgE production (P = 0.004). Our findings show that the FcγRIIa polymorphism might have an implication in the relative protection seen in the Fulani tribe, with confirmatory studies required in other malaria endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Maiga
- Malaria Research and Training Center/Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto - Stomatology, Bamako/USTTB, Mali; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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The host genetic diversity in malaria infection. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:940616. [PMID: 23316245 PMCID: PMC3532872 DOI: 10.1155/2012/940616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations exposed to Plasmodium infection develop genetic mechanisms of protection against severe disease. The clinical manifestation of malaria results primarily from the lysis of infected erythrocytes and subsequent immune and inflammatory responses. Herein, we review the genetic alterations associated with erythrocytes or mediators of the immune system, which might influence malaria outcome. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes related to molecules involved in mechanisms of cytoadherence and their influence on malaria pathology are also discussed. The results of some studies have suggested that the combinatorial effects of a set of genetic factors in the erythrocyte-immunology pathway might be relevant to host resistance or susceptibility against Plasmodium infection. However, these results must be interpreted with caution because of the differences observed in the functionality and frequency of polymorphisms within different populations. With the recent advances in molecular biology techniques, more robust studies with reliable data have been reported, and the results of these studies have identified individual genetic factors for consideration in preventing severe disease and the individual response to treatment.
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9
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Giha HA, ElGhazali G, Nasr A, Iriemenam NC, Berzins K, Troye-Blomberg M, Theander TG, Arnot D. Clustering of malaria treatment failure (TF) in Daraweesh: hints for host genetic susceptibility to TF with emphasis on immune-modulating SNPs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:481-6. [PMID: 20215002 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In malaria, drug resistance and treatment failure (TF) are not synonymous, although are escalating together. Over 9 years of surveillances for malaria morbidity and TF in Daraweesh village in eastern Sudan (1991-2004), 136 donors (15-78 years) from 43 households, treated for 278 malaria episodes and had experienced 46 incident of TF, were included in this study. Blood obtained from the donors in 2005, was used for measurement of IgG subclasses against Pf332-C231 antigen and GM/KM allotyping and for genotyping of the donors for; FcgammaRIIA 131 (HH, RH, RR), CRP 286 (C<T<A) and Hb AA/AS, polymorphisms. Results revealed that all treatment failures were experienced by 37 individual (TF-prone-individuals, TFPi), while the remaining donors were treated for 182 malaria episodes without TF (treatment responders, TR). In 7 households, all malaria patients were TFPi, while in 19 households all patients were TR. The TFPi compared with matched TR individuals (TRi), had significantly higher IgG1 levels (p=0.021), while IgG3/IgG1 ratio was significantly higher in the TRi (p=0.016). However, the frequencies of all tested polymorphisms (GM/KM, FcgammaRIIA 131, CRP 286 and Hb AA/AS), were comparable between the study groups. In conclusion, there was clustering of TF at level of individuals and households with differences in base-line immunity between the TFPi and TRi. Together, the results suggest an immune-mediated genetic susceptibility to TF, as some of the tested polymorphisms showed trends but no significant association with TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A Giha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, PO Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain.
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10
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Giha HA, Nasr A, Ekström M, Israelsson E, Arambepola G, Arnot D, Theander TG, Troye-Blomberg M, Berzins K, Tornvall P, ElGhazali G. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the C-reactive protein gene (-286) with susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Mol Med 2009; 16:27-33. [PMID: 19946607 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in malaria pathogenesis is not fully understood, although C-reactive protein (CRP) may have a negative influence on host immunity to infections. An upstream polymorphism, -286 (C > T > A), in the CRP gene is known to influence CRP levels. In this study, a cohort of 192 Sudanese donors, followed for malaria infection for 9 years, had their CRP -286 gene locus genotyped by pyrosequencing. The number of malaria episodes experienced by each individual over the study period was used as an index for malaria susceptibility. The prevalence of the CRP alleles A, C and T were 21%, 52% and 27%, respectively. Importantly, the A-allele, unlike the C- and T-alleles or CRP genotypes, was significantly associated with an increased number of malaria episodes, P = 0.007. The proportion of A-allele carriers among donors not known to have had malaria during the study period was 18%, whereas it was 43% and 63% among donors who had experienced 1-4 and > or =5 malaria episodes, respectively, over the same period (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the A-allele was associated with higher parasite counts. In conclusion, the CRP -286 A-allele was associated with an increased susceptibility to uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A Giha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
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11
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Israelsson E, Ekström M, Nasr A, Dolo A, Kearsley S, Arambepola G, Homann MV, Maiga B, Doumbo OK, Elghazali G, Giha HA, Troye-Blomberg M, Berzins K, Tornvall P. Marked differences in CRP genotype frequencies between the Fulani and sympatric ethnic groups in Africa. Malar J 2009; 8:136. [PMID: 19545442 PMCID: PMC2713259 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that can activate various immune cells and bind to certain Fcγ receptors. The latter may compete with the binding of IgG antibodies to these receptors and could thereby interfere with the antigen-specific immune response. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the CRP gene have been strongly associated with the plasma concentration of CRP. The known lower susceptibility to malaria in the Fulani ethnic group, as compared to their sympatric neighbours in Africa, has been linked to different genetic backgrounds. The present study was performed to investigate if polymorphisms in the CRP gene could contribute to the lower susceptibility to malaria seen in the Fulani ethnic group. Methods The CRP -717 T>C, -286 C>T>A, and +1444 C>T polymorphisms were analysed in asymptomatic Fulani and non-Fulani individuals from Mali and Sudan using Pyrosequencing T and TaqMan r MGB probes. Results The rare -286 A allele, previously shown to be associated with increased CRP expression and plasma levels, was shown to be more frequent in the non-Fulani ethnic groups as compared to the sympatric Fulani ethnic group both in Mali and Sudan. The common -717 T allele was more prevalent in the non-Fulani ethnic group compared to the sympatric Fulani ethnic group, but only in Mali. The parasite prevalence was increased for the -286 A allele, but not for the -717 T allele. No differences regarding genotype frequency or parasite prevalence were seen for +1444 C>T. Conclusion This study indicate that CRP may play an important role in the immune responses to malaria, and that the -286 C/T/A CRP polymorphism may be a contributing factor to the lower susceptibility to malaria seen in the Fulani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Israelsson
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Nasr A, Iriemenam NC, Giha HA, Balogun HA, Anders RF, Troye-Blomberg M, ElGhazali G, Berzins K. FcgammaRIIa (CD32) polymorphism and anti-malarial IgG subclass pattern among Fulani and sympatric ethnic groups living in eastern Sudan. Malar J 2009; 8:43. [PMID: 19284648 PMCID: PMC2660360 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A SNP at position 131, in the FcgammaRIIa gene, affects the binding of the different IgG subclasses and may influence the clinical variation seen in patients with falciparum malaria. This study confirms and extends previous findings, analysing the FcgammaRIIa (CD32) polymorphism in relation to the IgG subclass distribution seen among two sympatric tribes living in eastern Sudan, characterized by marked differences in susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. METHODS Two hundred and fifty Fulani subjects living in an area of meso-endemic P. falciparum malaria infection were genotyped for the FcgammaRIIa-131 polymorphism. For comparison, 101 non-Fulani donors - (Masaleit, Hausa and Four) - living in the same study area, were genotyped. The levels of plasma antibodies (IgG and subclasses) to four malaria antigens (AMA-1, MSP 2 - 3D7 & FC27, Pf332-C231) were measured using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The FcgammaRIIa-H/H131 genotype was found to be significantly more prevalent in the Fulani as compared to the non-Fulani ethnic groups (36.0% for Fulani versus 17.8% for non-Fulani, adjusted OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.61-5.97, P value < 0.001). The Fulani showed lower anti-malarial IgG1 and IgG3 antibody levels as compared to the non-Fulani and higher levels of IgG2 antibodies. CONCLUSION The FcgammaRIIa-H/H131 genotype and H131 allele is at higher frequency in the Fulani ethnic group. The H/H131 genotype was consistently associated with higher levels of anti-malarial IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies, while the R/R131 genotype was associated with higher levels of IgG1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amre Nasr
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular-Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
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13
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Israelsson E, Vafa M, Maiga B, Lysén A, Iriemenam NC, Dolo A, Doumbo OK, Troye-Blomberg M, Berzins K. Differences in Fcgamma receptor IIa genotypes and IgG subclass pattern of anti-malarial antibodies between sympatric ethnic groups in Mali. Malar J 2008; 7:175. [PMID: 18793404 PMCID: PMC2553417 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ig Fc receptor family is an important link between the humoral and cellular immune systems. The association of a dimorphism in amino acid 131 (R/H) of the FcγRIIa with malaria severity, the R-allele being associated with a milder disease outcome, led to the investigation of the possible impact of this polymorphism in the interethnic difference in malaria susceptibility seen between the Fulani and Dogon in Mali. Methods Plasma from individuals from Mali (164 Fulani and 164 Dogon) were analysed for malaria-reactive and total IgG subclass antibodies using ELISA, and the same individuals were also genotyped for the FcγRIIa R131H polymorphism using RFLP-PCR. Statistical analyses of the IgG subclass levels were done by unpaired t-test and ANOVA, and genotype differences were tested by χ2-test. Results While the two ethnic groups showed a similar frequency of the FcγRIIa 131 R/H heterozygote genotype, 131R/R dominated over the 131 H/H genotype in the Dogon whereas the Fulani presented a similar frequency of the two homozygote genotypes. The two alleles were evenly distributed in the Fulani, while the Dogon were clearly biased towards the R-allele. The Fulani showed higher levels of anti-malarial IgG1, -2 and -3 antibodies, with a higher proportion of IgG2, than the Dogon. In the Fulani, H-allele carriers had higher anti-malarial IgG2 levels than R/R homozygotes, while in the Dogon, the R-allele carriers showed the higher IgG2 levels. For anti-malarial IgG3, the R-allele carriers in the Fulani had higher levels than the H/H homozygotes. Conclusion Taken together, the results showed marked interethnic differences in FcγRIIa R131H genotypes. Furthermore, the results indicate that the FcγRIIa R131H genotype may influence the IgG subclass responses related to protection against malaria, and that IgG2 may be of importance in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Israelsson
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Dodoo D, Aikins A, Kusi KA, Lamptey H, Remarque E, Milligan P, Bosomprah S, Chilengi R, Osei YD, Akanmori BD, Theisen M. Cohort study of the association of antibody levels to AMA1, MSP119, MSP3 and GLURP with protection from clinical malaria in Ghanaian children. Malar J 2008; 7:142. [PMID: 18664257 PMCID: PMC2529305 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antigen-specific antibody-mediated immune responses play an important role in natural protection against clinical malaria, but conflicting estimates of this association have emerged from immuno-epidemiological studies in different geographical settings. This study was aimed at assessing in a standardized manner the relationship between the antibody responses to four malaria vaccine candidate antigens and protection from clinical malaria, in a cohort of Ghanaian children. Methods Standardized ELISA protocols were used to measure isotype and IgG subclass levels to Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1), Merozoite Surface Protein 1–19 (MSP119), Merozoite Surface Protein 3 (MSP3) and Glutamate Rich Protein (GLURP) antigens in plasma samples from 352 Ghanaian children, aged three to 10 years with subsequent malaria surveillance for nine months. This is one of a series of studies in different epidemiological settings using the same standardized ELISA protocols to permit comparisons of results from different laboratories. Results The incidence rate of malaria was 0.35 episodes per child per year. Isotype and IgG subclasses for all antigens investigated increased with age, while the risk of malaria decreased with age. After adjusting for age, higher levels of IgG to GLURP, MSP119, MSP3 and IgM to MSP119, MSP3 and AMA1 were associated with decreased malaria incidence. Of the IgG subclasses, only IgG1 to MSP119 was associated with reduced incidence of clinical malaria. A previous study in the same location failed to find an association of antibodies to MSP119 with clinical malaria. The disagreement may be due to differences in reagents, ELISA and analytical procedures used in the two studies. When IgG, IgM and IgG subclass levels for all four antigens were included in a combined model, only IgG1 [(0.80 (0.67–0.97), p = 0.018)] and IgM [(0.48 (0.32–0.72), p < 0.001)] to MSP119 were independently associated with protection from malaria. Conclusion Using standardized procedures, the study has confirmed the importance of antibodies to MSP119 in reducing the risk of clinical malaria in Ghanaian children, thus substantiating its potential as a malaria vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dodoo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
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15
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Nasr A, Iriemenam NC, Troye-Blomberg M, Giha HA, Balogun HA, Osman OF, Montgomery SM, ElGhazali G, Berzins K. Fc gamma Receptor IIa (CD32) Polymorphism and Antibody responses to Asexual Blood-stage Antigens ofPlasmodium falciparumMalaria in Sudanese Patients. Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:87-96. [PMID: 17587350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a prospective clinical study in New Halfa Teaching Hospital, the possible association between FcgammaRIIa-R/H131 polymorphism and anti-malarial antibody responses with clinical outcome of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among Sudanese patients was investigated. A total of 256 individuals were consecutively enrolled, comprising 115 patients with severe malaria, 85 with mild malaria and 56 malaria-free controls. Genotyping of FcgammaRIIa-R/H131 dimorphism was performed using gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with allele-specific restriction enzyme digestion of the PCR product. The antibody responses to asexual blood-stage antigens were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequency of the FcgammaRIIa-R/R131 genotype was significantly higher in those with severe malaria when compared with patients with mild malaria, while the FcgammaRIIa-H/H131 genotype showed a significant association with mild malaria. A reduced risk of severe malaria with IgG3 antibodies in combination with the H/H131 genotype was observed. Furthermore, low levels of IgG2 antibodies reactive with the Pf332-C231 antigen were also associated with lower risk of severe malaria in individuals carrying the H131 allele. The levels of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies were statistically significantly higher in the mild malaria patients when compared with the severe malaria patients. Taken together, our study revealed that the FcgammaRIIa-R/R131 genotype is associated with the development of severe malaria, while the H/H131 genotype is more likely to be associated with mild malaria. Our results also revealed that the natural acquisition of immunity against clinical malaria appeared to be more associated with IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies, signifying their roles in parasite-neutralizing immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nasr
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N C Iriemenam
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Troye-Blomberg
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Giha
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Balogun
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - O F Osman
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Montgomery
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G ElGhazali
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Berzins
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanTropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SudanClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenClinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan;Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Scopel KKG, Fontes CJF, Ferreira MU, Braga EM. Factors associated with immunoglobulin G subclass polarization in naturally acquired antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins: a cross-sectional survey in Brazilian Amazonia. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:810-3. [PMID: 16829621 PMCID: PMC1489569 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00095-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-2 in 112 malaria-exposed subjects in Brazil. IgG3 polarization was primarily epitope driven, being little affected by cumulative or current exposure to malaria and not affected by a subject's age and Fcgamma receptor IIA genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kézia K G Scopel
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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