1
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Zhang B, Chen Y, Chen X, Ren Z, Xiang H, Mao L, Zhu G. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies ESPL1 limits the response of gastric cancer cells to apatinib. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:83. [PMID: 38402402 PMCID: PMC10893712 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apatinib was the first anti-angiogenic agent approved for treatment of metastatic gastric cancer (GC). However, the emergence of resistance was inevitable. Thus investigating new and valuable off-target effect of apatinib directly against cancer cells is of great significance. Here, we identified extra spindle pole bodies-like 1 (ESPL1) was responsible for apatinib resistance in GC cells through CRISPR genome-wide gain-of-function screening. Loss of function studies further showed that ESPL1 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation, migration and promoted apoptosis in vitro, and accordingly ESPL1 knockdown sensitized GC cells to apatinib. In addition, we found ESPL1 interacted with mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), a E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, and the combination of MDM2 siRNA with apatinib synergistically ameliorated the resistance induced by ESPL1 overexpression. In summary, our study indicated that ESPL1 played a critical role in apatinib resistance in GC cells. Inhibition of MDM2 could rescue the sensitivity of GC cells to apatinib and reverse ESPL1-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Institute of Gerontology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Affairs of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhiyao Ren
- Institute of Gerontology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Affairs of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Departments of Oncology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Mao
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Institute of Gerontology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Affairs of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Konecna M, Abbasi Sani S, Anger M. Separase and Roads to Disengage Sister Chromatids during Anaphase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054604. [PMID: 36902034 PMCID: PMC10003635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Receiving complete and undamaged genetic information is vital for the survival of daughter cells after chromosome segregation. The most critical steps in this process are accurate DNA replication during S phase and a faithful chromosome segregation during anaphase. Any errors in DNA replication or chromosome segregation have dire consequences, since cells arising after division might have either changed or incomplete genetic information. Accurate chromosome segregation during anaphase requires a protein complex called cohesin, which holds together sister chromatids. This complex unifies sister chromatids from their synthesis during S phase, until separation in anaphase. Upon entry into mitosis, the spindle apparatus is assembled, which eventually engages kinetochores of all chromosomes. Additionally, when kinetochores of sister chromatids assume amphitelic attachment to the spindle microtubules, cells are finally ready for the separation of sister chromatids. This is achieved by the enzymatic cleavage of cohesin subunits Scc1 or Rec8 by an enzyme called Separase. After cohesin cleavage, sister chromatids remain attached to the spindle apparatus and their poleward movement on the spindle is initiated. The removal of cohesion between sister chromatids is an irreversible step and therefore it must be synchronized with assembly of the spindle apparatus, since precocious separation of sister chromatids might lead into aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries concerning the regulation of Separase activity during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Konecna
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soodabeh Abbasi Sani
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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siRNA and targeted delivery systems in breast cancer therapy. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 25:1167-1188. [PMID: 36562927 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nucleic acid drugs have been considered as promising candidates in treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. Because of developing resistance to conventional chemotherapy, use of genetic tools in cancer therapy appears inevitable. siRNA is a RNAi tool with capacity of suppressing target gene. Owing to overexpression of oncogenic factors in cancer, siRNA can be used for suppressing those pathways. This review emphasizes the function of siRNA in treatment of breast tumor. The anti-apoptotic-related genes including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin can be down-regulated by siRNA in triggering cell death in breast cancer. STAT3, STAT8, Notch1, E2F3 and NF-κB are among the factors with overexpression in breast cancer that their silencing by siRNA paves the way for impairing tumor proliferation and invasion. The oncogenic mechanisms in drug resistance development in breast tumor such as lncRNAs can be suppressed by siRNA. Furthermore, siRNA reducing P-gp activity can increase drug internalization in tumor cells. Because of siRNA degradation at bloodstream and low accumulation at tumor site, nanoplatforms have been employed for siRNA delivery to suppress breast tumor progression via improving siRNA efficacy in gene silencing. Development of biocompatible and efficient nanostructures for siRNA delivery can make milestone progress in alleviation of breast cancer patients.
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Huang TL, Chang CR, Chien CY, Huang GK, Chen YF, Su LJ, Tsai HT, Lin YS, Fang FM, Chen CH. DRP1 contributes to head and neck cancer progression and induces glycolysis through modulated FOXM1/MMP12 axis. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2585-2606. [PMID: 35313071 PMCID: PMC9251862 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal DRP1 expression has been identified in a variety of human cancers. However, the prognostic potential and mechanistic role of DRP1 in head and neck cancer (HNC) are currently poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated a significant upregulation of DRP1 in HNC tissues, and that DRP1 expression correlates with poor survival of HNC patients. Diminished DRP1 expression suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. DRP1 expression was positively correlated with FOXM1 and MMP12 expression in HNC patient samples, suggesting pathological relevance in the context of HNC development. Moreover, DRP1 depletion affected aerobic glycolysis through the downregulation of glycolytic genes, and overexpression of MMP12 in DRP1‐depleted cells could help restore glucose consumption and lactate production. Using ChIP‐qPCR, we showed that DRP1 modulates FOXM1 expression, which can enhance MMP12 transcription by binding to its promoter. We also showed that miR‐575 could target 3’UTR of DRP1 mRNA and suppress DRP1 expression. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into the role of DRP1 in HNC and highlights the potential of targeting the miR‐575/DRP1/FOXM1/MMP12 axis as a novel therapy for the prevention of HNC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lin Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gong-Kai Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Education and Research Center for Technology Assisted Substance Abuse Prevention and Management, and Core Facilities for High Throughput Experimental Analysis, National Central University, Taoyuan County, Jhongli City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Min Fang
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Zhang YL, Ma Y, Zeng YQ, Liu Y, He EP, Liu YT, Qiao FL, Yu R, Wang YS, Wu XY, Leng P. A narrative review of research progress on FoxM1 in breast cancer carcinogenesis and therapeutics. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1704. [PMID: 34988213 PMCID: PMC8667115 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to clarify the potential roles of forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FoxM1) in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, as well as the predictive value of FoxM1 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. BACKGROUND Breast cancer, well-known as a molecularly heterogeneous cancer, is still one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors among females worldwide. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the central causes of high mortality in breast cancer patients. Many factors contribute to the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, including FoxM1. FoxM1, widely regarded as a classic proliferation-related transcription factor, plays pivotal roles in the occurrence, proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes of multiple human tumors including breast cancer. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for articles published in English from February 2008 to May 2021 using related keywords such as "forkhead box transcription factor M1", "human breast cancer", "FoxM1", and "human tumor". About 90 research papers and reports written in English were identified, most of which were published after 2015. These papers mainly concentrated on the functions of FoxM1 in the occurrence, development, drug resistance, and treatment of human breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Considering that the abnormal expression of FoxM1 plays a significant role in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy drug resistance of breast cancer, and its overexpression is closely correlated with the unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics of breast tumor patients, it is considerably important to comprehend the regulatory mechanism of FoxM1 in breast cancer. This will provide strong evidence for FoxM1 as a potential biomarker for the targeted treatment and prognostic evaluation of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Disaster Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Qin Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - En-Ping He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College-Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Tong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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6
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Rii J, Sakamoto S, Sugiura M, Kanesaka M, Fujimoto A, Yamada Y, Maimaiti M, Ando K, Wakai K, Xu M, Imamura Y, Shindo N, Hirota T, Kaneda A, Kanai Y, Ikehara Y, Anzai N, Ichikawa T. Functional analysis of LAT3 in prostate cancer: Its downstream target and relationship with androgen receptor. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3871-3883. [PMID: 34050700 PMCID: PMC8409400 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
L‐type amino acid transporter 3 (LAT3, SLC43A1) is abundantly expressed in prostate cancer (PC) and is thought to play an essential role in PC progression through the cellular uptake of essential amino acids. Here, we analyzed the expression, function, and downstream target of LAT3 in PC. LAT3 was highly expressed in PC cells expressing androgen receptor (AR), and its expression was increased by dihydrotestosterone treatment and decreased by bicalutamide treatment. In chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of AR, binding of AR to the SLC43A1 region was increased by dihydrotestosterone stimulation. Knockdown of LAT3 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4EBP‐1. Separase (ESPL1) was identified as a downstream target of LAT3 by RNA sequencing analysis. In addition, immunostaining of prostatectomy specimens was performed. In the multivariate analysis, high expression of LAT3 was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio: 3.24; P = .0018). High LAT3 expression was correlated with the pathological T stage and a high International Society of Urological Pathology grade. In summary, our results suggest that LAT3 plays an important role in the progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junryo Rii
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manato Kanesaka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumu Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maihulan Maimaiti
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ando
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Wakai
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norihisa Shindo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Antony J, Chin CV, Horsfield JA. Cohesin Mutations in Cancer: Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6788. [PMID: 34202641 PMCID: PMC8269296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex is crucial for mediating sister chromatid cohesion and for hierarchal three-dimensional organization of the genome. Mutations in cohesin genes are present in a range of cancers. Extensive research over the last few years has shown that cohesin mutations are key events that contribute to neoplastic transformation. Cohesin is involved in a range of cellular processes; therefore, the impact of cohesin mutations in cancer is complex and can be cell context dependent. Candidate targets with therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells are emerging from functional studies. Here, we review emerging targets and pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chue Vin Chin
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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8
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Lv X, Huang H, Feng H, Wei Z. Circ-MMP2 (circ-0039411) induced by FOXM1 promotes the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:426. [PMID: 32513952 PMCID: PMC7280516 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports have stated the significance of cellular events such as proliferation, migration and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) for cancer development, but the related molecular mechanism remains elusive. FOXM1 (forkhead box transcription M1) is a nuclear co-activator participating in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, this study tried to explain the function of FOXM1 and its downstream molecular mechanism in LUAD. We uncovered FOXM1 upregulation in LUAD and demonstrated that FOXM1 facilitated β-catenin nuclear translocation to activate the transcription of downstream genes. Moreover, we discovered that FOXM1 transcriptionally activated circ0039411 which derived from matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) (also named as circ-MMP2), while MMP2 is a known downstream target of β-catenin. As for functional investigation, knockdown of circ-0039411 suppressed the proliferation, migration and EMT in LUAD cells and also hindered in vivo growth and metastasis of LUAD tumor. Mechanistically, circ-0039411 enhanced the stability of FOXM1 mRNA by recruiting IGF2BP3 (insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3), thus forming a positive feedback loop. In conclusion, this study revealed that FOXM1-induced circ-MMP2 (circ-0039411) contributes to malignant behaviors of LUAD cells via relying on FOXM1, potentially infusing inspirations for the search of new molecular targets for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- Department of Respiration, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongping Huang
- Department of Eastern Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276034, Shandong, China.
| | - Hui Feng
- Linyi People's Hospital Office, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghua Wei
- Department of Eastern General Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276034, Shandong, China
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9
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Guo W, Xu B, Wang X, Zheng B, Du J, Liu S. The Analysis of the Anti-Tumor Mechanism of Ursolic Acid Using Connectively Map Approach in Breast Cancer Cells Line MCF-7. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3469-3476. [PMID: 32523377 PMCID: PMC7237111 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s241957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid (UA), a primary bioactive triterpenoid, was reported as an anti-cancer agent. However, the current knowledge of UA and its potential anti-cancer mechanisms and targets in breast cancer cells are limited. In this study, we aimed to illustrate the potential mechanisms and targets of UA in breast cancer cells MCF-7. METHODS The effect of UA on cell growth was determined in MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. The anti-tumor mechanism of UA was evaluated by microarray, CAMP, and Western blot. Moreover, the molecular docking between UA and potential receptors were predicted by iGEMDOCK software. RESULTS The result of MTT assay demonstrated that UA could inhibit MCF-7 cell growth with IC50 values of 20 μM. Microarray and CMAP analysis, validated by Western blot, indicated that UA significantly modulated IKK/NF-κB, RAF/ERK pathways, and down-regulated the phosphorylation level of PLK1 in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that the anti-tumor effects of UA are due to the inhibited RAF/ERK pathway and IKK/NF-κB pathway. It could also be explained by the reduced phosphorylation of PLK1 in MCF-7 cells. This study provides a new insight for deep understanding of the new anti-cancer mechanisms of UA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Guo
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Du
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songbai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou215009, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Zhang N, Sarkar AK, Li F, Demerzhan SA, Gilbertson SR, Pati D. Stability and pharmacokinetics of separase inhibitor-Sepin-1 in Sprague-Dawley rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113808. [PMID: 31930961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Separase, a sister chromatid cohesion-resolving enzyme, is an oncogene and overexpressed in many human cancers. Sepin-1 (2,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-2H-benzimidazole-1,3-dioxide) is a potent separase inhibitor that impedes cancer cell growth, cell migration, and wound healing, suggesting that Sepin-1 possesses a great potential to target separase-overexpressing tumors. As a part of the IND-enabling studies to bring Sepin-1 to clinic, herein we report the results from a 28-day repeat-dose pharmacokinetic study of Sepin-1 in rats. Sepin-1 was intravenously administered to Sprague-Dawley rats once daily for 28 days at three different (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) doses. Blood samples were collected after administration of doses on days 1 and 28. Sepin-1 is unstable and isomerizes in basic solutions, but it is stable in acidic buffer such as citrate-buffered saline (pH 4.0). UHPLC-MS analysis indicated Sepin-1 was rapidly metabolized in vivo. One of the major metabolites was an amine adduct of 2,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-2H-benzimidazole (named Sepin-1.55). The concentration of Sepin-1.55 in blood samples was Sepin-1 dose-dependent and used for pharmacokinetic analysis of Sepin-1. Tmax was approximately 5-15 min. The data suggest that no Sepin-1 accumulation occurred from daily repeat dosing and similar exposures on the first and final day of dosing. Data also suggest a gender difference, namely that female rats have more exposure and slower clearance than male rats. The data support that Sepin-1 is a potential drug candidate that can be further developed to treat Separase-overexpressing human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenggang Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asis K Sarkar
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Debananda Pati
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Toxicity study of separase inhibitor-Sepin-1 in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152730. [PMID: 31784093 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sepin-1 is a small compound that inhibits enzymatic activity of Separase and growth of cancer cells. As part of the IND-enabling studies to develop Sepin-1 as a chemotherapeutic agent, herein we have profiled the toxicity of Sepin-1 in Sprague-Dawley rats in a good laboratory practice (GLP) setting. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Sepin-1 in rats is 40 mg/kg in single dose study and 20 mg/kg in the study dosed for 7 consecutive days. The toxicity study consists of two parts-Main Study and Recovery Study. Sepin-1 with 0 (control), 5 (low dose), 10 (median dose), and 20 (high dose) mg/kg was administered by bolus intravenous injection to rats once daily for 28 consecutive days. The animals in the Main Study were euthanized on Day 29, whereas animals in the Recovery Study were allowed to recover for 28 days following the 28-day Sepin-1 dose before they were euthanized on Day 29 of the off-dose period. Although the effects of Sepin-1 at low and median doses are minimal, hematological analysis shows that high-dose Sepin-1 is associated with decrease of red blood cells and hemoglobin, and increase in the number of reticulocytes and platelets as well as mean corpuscular volume. Clinical chemistry indicates that Sepin-1 causes increase of total bilirubin and decrease of creatine kinase. Histopathology analysis indicates Sepin-1 results in minimal bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia, minimal to moderate splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, minimal splenic lymphoid depletion, minimal to mild thymic lymphoid depletion, and minimal to mild mandibular lymph node lymphoid hyperplasia in male and female rats in the Main Study. Those abnormal changes are Sepin-1 dose-dependent and mostly reversible after a 28-day recovery period in animals from the Recovery Study. Based on our results, we conclude that Sepin-1 at pharmacologic doses (5-10 mg/kg) is well tolerable, with no significant rates of mortality or morbidity, and can further be developed as a potential new drug to treat Separase-overexpressed tumors.
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Henschke L, Frese M, Hellmuth S, Marx A, Stemmann O, Mayer TU. Identification of Bioactive Small Molecule Inhibitors of Separase. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2155-2159. [PMID: 31553567 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Separase, a cysteine protease of the CD clan, triggers chromosome segregation during mitosis by cleaving the cohesin ring entrapping the two sister chromatids. Deregulated separase activity is associated with aneuploidy, a hallmark of most human cancers. In fact, separase is highly overexpressed in many solid cancers, making it an attractive chemotherapeutic target. To identify small molecules capable of inhibiting separase in its complex cellular environment, we established a highly sensitive assay to quantify separase activity in cells and screened a 51 009-member library for separase inhibitors. In vitro assays confirmed that the identified compounds efficiently inhibited separase, while not affecting caspase-1, another CD-clan protease structurally related to separase. Importantly, HeLa cells with compromised separase activity displayed severe chromosome segregation defects upon compound treatment, confirming that the identified inhibitors are bioactive in tumor tissue culture cells. Structure-activity relationship studies succeeded in the optimization of the most promising inhibitor. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying separase-specific inhibitors, which serve as promising lead compounds for the development of clinically relevant separase inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Henschke
- Department of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthias Frese
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Susanne Hellmuth
- Chair of Genetics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olaf Stemmann
- Chair of Genetics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas U. Mayer
- Department of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
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Wang L, Wang Y, Du X, Yao Y, Wang L, Jia Y. MiR-216b suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating FOXM1 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2999-3009. [PMID: 31114243 PMCID: PMC6489682 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s202523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims: MiR-216b and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) were demonstrated to exert their biological effects on the development and progression of tumors. This study aimed to investigate the expression and role of miR-216b and FOXM1 in tissues and cell lines of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The expressions of miR-216b and FOXM1 in NSCLC tissues and cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were confirmed by Transwell assay. Finally, the bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assay were conducted to validate the relationship of miR-216b and FOXM1. Results: Compared with normal tissues and cells, the expression of miR-216b was obviously decreased in NSCLC tissues and cells. However, the expressions of FOXM1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased, and negatively correlated with the expression of miR-216b. Multivariate Cox's regression analysis suggested that miR-216b or FOXM1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. MiR-216b overexpression remarkably repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells. The bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assay validated that the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of FOXM1 mRNA was indeed a direct target of FOXM1. In vitro, overexpression of FOXM1 partially eliminated inhibitory effects of miR-216b on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas inhibition of FOXM1 contributed to inhibitory effects mediated by miR-216b. Conclusion: MiR-216b inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT by targeting the expression of FOXM1 in human NSCLC. These findings suggested a potential therapeutic role of miR-216b in patients of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wang
- Department of Respiration, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250031, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansen Wang
- Department of Respiration, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250031, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Du
- Department of Respiration, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250031, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Yao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250031, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiration, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250031, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Department of Occupational Pulmonary Disease, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan 250002, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Chen Q, Zhang J, He Y, Wang Y. hsa_circ_0061140 Knockdown Reverses FOXM1-Mediated Cell Growth and Metastasis in Ovarian Cancer through miR-370 Sponge Activity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:55-63. [PMID: 30236833 PMCID: PMC6143755 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. The specific functions of circRNAs in ovarian cancer are yet to be established. Previous sequencing analyses have revealed an abnormal expression of hsa_circ_0061140 in ovarian cancer. The main aim of the present study is to establish the specific role of hsa_circ_0061140 in ovarian cancer. circRNA expression in ovarian cancer cells was detected via real-time qPCR. The effects on specific cellular characteristics (proliferation, migration, and the EMT) and subcellular localization of hsa_circ_0061140 were assessed via RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, knockdown, and luciferase reporter assays in the SKOV3 and A2780 cell lines. Tumorigenesis was induced in nude mice to assess the effects of hsa_circ_0061140 on ovarian cancer growth in vivo. Our results showed that hsa_circ_0061140 was upregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0061140 suppressed cell proliferation and migration, both in vivo and in vitro, by inhibiting FOXM1 expression through sponging miR-370. Overexpression of FOXM1 or suppression of miR-370 rescued hsa_circ_0061140 silencing-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and the EMT. The associations among hsa_circ_0061140, miR-370, and FOXM1 were confirmed via bioinformatic prediction and fluorescein reporter experiments. Thus, hsa_circ_0061140 appeared to function as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-370 that promoted cell growth and metastasis in ovarian cancer through regulation of the miR-370/FOXM1 pathway mediating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yinyan He
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
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