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Abdalbari FH, Martinez-Jaramillo E, Forgie BN, Tran E, Zorychta E, Goyeneche AA, Sabri S, Telleria CM. Auranofin Induces Lethality Driven by Reactive Oxygen Species in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5136. [PMID: 37958311 PMCID: PMC10650616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70% of ovarian cancer cases, and the survival rate remains remarkably low due to the lack of effective long-term consolidation therapies. Clinical remission can be temporarily induced by platinum-based chemotherapy, but death subsequently results from the extensive growth of a platinum-resistant component of the tumor. This work explores a novel treatment against HGSOC using the gold complex auranofin (AF). AF primarily functions as a pro-oxidant by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an antioxidant enzyme overexpressed in ovarian cancer. We investigated the effect of AF on TrxR activity and the various mechanisms of cytotoxicity using HGSOC cells that are clinically sensitive or resistant to platinum. In addition, we studied the interaction between AF and another pro-oxidant, L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), an anti-glutathione (GSH) compound. We demonstrated that AF potently inhibited TrxR activity and reduced the vitality and viability of HGSOC cells regardless of their sensitivities to platinum. We showed that AF induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggers the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and kills HGSOC cells by inducing apoptosis. Notably, AF-induced cell death was abrogated by the ROS-scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). In addition, the lethality of AF was associated with the activation of caspases-3/7 and the generation of DNA damage, effects that were also prevented by the presence of NAC. Finally, when AF and L-BSO were combined, we observed synergistic lethality against HGSOC cells, which was mediated by a further increase in ROS and a decrease in the levels of the antioxidant GSH. In summary, our results support the concept that AF can be used alone or in combination with L-BSO to kill HGSOC cells regardless of their sensitivity to platinum, suggesting that the depletion of antioxidants is an efficient strategy to mitigate the course of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah H. Abdalbari
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (F.H.A.); (E.M.-J.); (B.N.F.); (E.T.); (E.Z.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elvis Martinez-Jaramillo
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (F.H.A.); (E.M.-J.); (B.N.F.); (E.T.); (E.Z.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Benjamin N. Forgie
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (F.H.A.); (E.M.-J.); (B.N.F.); (E.T.); (E.Z.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Estelle Tran
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (F.H.A.); (E.M.-J.); (B.N.F.); (E.T.); (E.Z.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Edith Zorychta
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (F.H.A.); (E.M.-J.); (B.N.F.); (E.T.); (E.Z.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Alicia A. Goyeneche
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (F.H.A.); (E.M.-J.); (B.N.F.); (E.T.); (E.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Siham Sabri
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Carlos M. Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (F.H.A.); (E.M.-J.); (B.N.F.); (E.T.); (E.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
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2
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Sonaye HV, Sheikh RY, Doifode CA. Drug repurposing: Iron in the fire for older drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111638. [PMID: 34153846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Repositioning or "repurposing" of existing therapies for indications of alternative disease is an attractive approach that can generate lower costs and require a shorter approval time than developing a de novo drug. The development of experimental drugs is time-consuming, expensive, and limited to a fairly small number of targets. The incorporation of separate and complementary data should be used, as each type of data set exposes a specific feature of organism knowledge Drug repurposing opportunities are often focused on sporadic findings or on time-consuming pre-clinical drug tests which are often not guided by hypothesis. In comparison, repurposing in-silico drugs is a new, hypothesis-driven method that takes advantage of big-data use. Nonetheless, the widespread use of omics technology, enhanced data storage, data sense, machine learning algorithms, and computational modeling all give unparalleled knowledge of the methods of action of biological processes and drugs, providing wide availability, for both disease-related data and drug-related data. This review has taken an in-depth look at the current state, possibilities, and limitations of further progress in the field of drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Sonaye
- Shri Sachhidanand Shikshan Santh's Taywade College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441111, India.
| | - R Y Sheikh
- K.E.M. Hospital Research Centre, Pune 411011, India.
| | - C A Doifode
- Shri Sachhidanand Shikshan Santh's Taywade College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441111, India.
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Rajoli RKR, Pertinez H, Arshad U, Box H, Tatham L, Curley P, Neary M, Sharp J, Liptrott NJ, Valentijn A, David C, Rannard SP, Aljayyoussi G, Pennington SH, Hill A, Boffito M, Ward SA, Khoo SH, Bray PG, O'Neill PM, Hong WD, Biagini GA, Owen A. Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:2078-2088. [PMID: 33085781 PMCID: PMC8056737 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic and urgent treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Nitazoxanide, an anthelmintic drug, has been shown to exhibit in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. The present study used physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to inform optimal doses of nitazoxanide capable of maintaining plasma and lung tizoxanide exposures above the reported SARS-CoV-2 EC90 . METHODS A whole-body PBPK model was validated against available pharmacokinetic data for healthy individuals receiving single and multiple doses between 500 and 4000 mg with and without food. The validated model was used to predict doses expected to maintain tizoxanide plasma and lung concentrations above the EC90 in >90% of the simulated population. PopDes was used to estimate an optimal sparse sampling strategy for future clinical trials. RESULTS The PBPK model was successfully validated against the reported human pharmacokinetics. The model predicted optimal doses of 1200 mg QID, 1600 mg TID and 2900 mg BID in the fasted state and 700 mg QID, 900 mg TID and 1400 mg BID when given with food. For BID regimens an optimal sparse sampling strategy of 0.25, 1, 3 and 12 hours post dose was estimated. CONCLUSION The PBPK model predicted tizoxanide concentrations within doses of nitazoxanide already given to humans previously. The reported dosing strategies provide a rational basis for design of clinical trials with nitazoxanide for the treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A concordant higher dose of nitazoxanide is now planned for investigation in the seamless phase I/IIa AGILE trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajith K. R. Rajoli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Henry Pertinez
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Usman Arshad
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Helen Box
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Lee Tatham
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Paul Curley
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Megan Neary
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joanne Sharp
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Anthony Valentijn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Christopher David
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - Ghaith Aljayyoussi
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Shaun H. Pennington
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Andrew Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Marta Boffito
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust and St Stephen's AIDS Trust 4th FloorChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK
- Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Department of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Steve A. Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Saye H. Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - W. David Hong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Giancarlo A. Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, and Department of Tropical Disease BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Sohraby F, Aryapour H. Rational drug repurposing for cancer by inclusion of the unbiased molecular dynamics simulation in the structure-based virtual screening approach: Challenges and breakthroughs. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:249-257. [PMID: 32360530 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Managing cancer is now one of the biggest concerns of health organizations. Many strategies have been developed in drug discovery pipelines to help rectify this problem and two of the best ones are drug repurposing and computational methods. The combination of these approaches can have immense impact on the course of drug discovery. In silico drug repurposing can significantly reduce the time, the cost and the effort of drug development. Computational methods such as structure-based drug design (SBDD) and virtual screening can predict the potentials of small molecule binders, such as drugs, for having favorable effect on a particular molecular target. However, the demand for accuracy and efficiency of SBDD requires more sophisticated and complicated approaches such as unbiased molecular dynamics (UMD) simulation that has been recently introduced. As a complementary strategy, the knowledge acquired from UMD simulations can increase the chance of finding the right candidates and the pipeline of its administration is introduced and discussed in this review. An elaboration of this pipeline is also made by detailing an example, the binding and unbinding pathways of dasatinib-c-Src kinase complex, which shows that how influential this method can be in rational drug repurposing in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Sohraby
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Aryapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
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5
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Dees S, Pontiggia L, Jasmin JF, Mercier I. Phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) as a biomarker of response to pimozide treatment in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:506-521. [PMID: 32164483 PMCID: PMC7515519 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1726718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays an aggressive clinical course, heightened metastatic potential, and is linked to poor survival rates. Through its lack of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), this subtype remains unresponsive to traditional targeted therapies. Undesirable and sometimes life-threatening side effects associated with current chemotherapeutic agents warrant the development of more targeted treatment options. Targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor implicated in breast cancer (BCa) progression, has proven to be an efficient approach to halt cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Currently, there are no FDA-approved STAT3 inhibitors for TNBC. Although pimozide, a FDA-approved antipsychotic drug, has been attributed a role as a STAT3 inhibitor in several cancers, its role on this pathway remains unexplored in TNBC. As a "one size fits all" approach cannot be applied to TNBC therapies due to the heterogeneous nature of this aggressive cancer, we hypothesized that STAT3 could be a novel biomarker of response to guide pimozide therapy. Using human cell lines representative of four TNBC subtypes (basal-like 1, basal-like 2, mesenchymal-like, mesenchymal stem-like), our current report demonstrates that pimozide significantly reduced their invasion and migration, an effect that was predicted by STAT3 phosphorylation on tyrosine residue 705 (Tyr705). Mechanistically, phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) inhibition resulting from pimozide treatment caused a downregulation of downstream transcriptional targets such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vimentin, both implicated in invasion and migration. The identification of biomarkers of response to TNBC treatments is an active area of research in the field of precision medicine and our results propose phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) as a novel biomarker to guide pimozide treatment as an inhibitor of invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundee Dees
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Pontiggia
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Jasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabelle Mercier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Program in Personalized Medicine and Targeted Therapeutics, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Fernandez-Vega L, Ruiz Silva VA, Domínguez-González TM, Claudio-Betancourt S, Toro-Maldonado RE, Capre Maso LC, Ortiz KS, Pérez-Verdejo JA, González JR, Rosado-Fraticelli GT, Meléndez FP, Betancourt Santiago FM, Rivera-Rivera DA, Navarro CM, Bruno Chardón AC, Vera AO, Tinoco AD. Evaluating Ligand Modifications of the Titanocene and Auranofin Moieties for the Development of More Potent Anticancer Drugs. INORGANICS 2020; 8. [PMID: 34046448 PMCID: PMC8152503 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time platinum-based anticancer drugs have dominated the market, but their side effects significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Alternative treatments are being developed all over the world. The titanocene and auranofin families of compounds, discovered through an empirical search for other metal-based therapeutics, hold tremendous promise to improve the outcomes of cancer treatment. Herein we present a historical perspective of these compounds and review current efforts focused on the evolution of their ligands to improve their physiological solution stability, cancer selectivity, and antiproliferative performance, guided by a clear understanding of the coordination chemistry and aqueous speciation of the metal ions, of the cytotoxic mechanism of action of the compounds, and the external factors that limit their therapeutic potential. Newer members of these families of compounds and their combination in novel bimetallic complexes are the result of years of scientific research. We believe that this review can have a positive impact in the development and understanding of the metal-based drugs of gold, titanium, and beyond.
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7
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Basu R, Kopchick JJ. The effects of growth hormone on therapy resistance in cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:827-846. [PMID: 32382711 PMCID: PMC7204541 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary derived and peripherally produced growth hormone (GH) is a crucial mediator of longitudinal growth, organ development, metabolic regulation with tissue specific, sex specific, and age-dependent effects. GH and its cognate receptor (GHR) are expressed in several forms of cancer and have been validated as an anti-cancer target through a large body of in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological analyses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of GH action in cancer prognosis and therapeutic response had been sparse until recently. This review assimilates the critical details of GH-GHR mediated therapy resistance across different cancer types, distilling the therapeutic implications based on our current understanding of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU-HCOM), Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU-HCOM), Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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8
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Benzimidazoles Downregulate Mdm2 and MdmX and Activate p53 in MdmX Overexpressing Tumor Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112152. [PMID: 31181622 PMCID: PMC6600429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is mutated in about 50% of cancers. Most malignant melanomas carry wild-type p53, but p53 activity is often inhibited due to overexpression of its negative regulators Mdm2 or MdmX. We performed high throughput screening of 2448 compounds on A375 cells carrying p53 activity luciferase reporter construct to reveal compounds that promote p53 activity in melanoma. Albendazole and fenbendazole, two approved and commonly used benzimidazole anthelmintics, stimulated p53 activity and were selected for further studies. The protein levels of p53 and p21 increased upon the treatment with albendazole and fenbendazole, indicating activation of the p53–p21 pathway, while the levels of Mdm2 and MdmX decreased in melanoma and breast cancer cells overexpressing these proteins. We also observed a reduction of cell viability and changes of cellular morphology corresponding to mitotic catastrophe, i.e., G2/M cell cycle arrest of large multinucleated cells with disrupted microtubules. In summary, we established a new tool for testing the impact of small molecule compounds on the activity of p53 and used it to identify the action of benzimidazoles in melanoma cells. The drugs promoted the stability and transcriptional activity of wild-type p53 via downregulation of its negative regulators Mdm2 and MdmX in cells overexpressing these proteins. The results indicate the potential for repurposing the benzimidazole anthelmintics for the treatment of cancers overexpressing p53 negative regulators.
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9
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Gaur K, Vázquez-Salgado A, Duran-Camacho G, Dominguez-Martinez I, Benjamín-Rivera J, Fernández-Vega L, Carmona Sarabia L, Cruz García A, Pérez-Deliz F, Méndez Román J, Vega-Cartagena M, Loza-Rosas S, Rodriguez Acevedo X, Tinoco A. Iron and Copper Intracellular Chelation as an Anticancer Drug Strategy. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics6040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A very promising direction in the development of anticancer drugs is inhibiting the molecular pathways that keep cancer cells alive and able to metastasize. Copper and iron are two essential metals that play significant roles in the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and several chelators have been studied to suppress the bioavailability of these metals in the cells. This review discusses the major contributions that Cu and Fe play in the progression and spreading of cancer and evaluates select Cu and Fe chelators that demonstrate great promise as anticancer drugs. Efforts to improve the cellular delivery, efficacy, and tumor responsiveness of these chelators are also presented including a transmetallation strategy for dual targeting of Cu and Fe. To elucidate the effectiveness and specificity of Cu and Fe chelators for treating cancer, analytical tools are described for measuring Cu and Fe levels and for tracking the metals in cells, tissue, and the body.
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10
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Gaur K, Vázquez-Salgado AM, Duran-Camacho G, Dominguez-Martinez I, Benjamín-Rivera JA, Fernández-Vega L, Sarabia LC, García AC, Pérez-Deliz F, Méndez Román JA, Vega-Cartagena M, Loza-Rosas SA, Acevedo XR, Tinoco AD. Iron and Copper Intracellular Chelation as an Anticancer Drug Strategy. INORGANICS 2018; 6:126. [PMID: 33912613 PMCID: PMC8078164 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A very promising direction in the development of anticancer drugs is inhibiting the molecular pathways that keep cancer cells alive and able to metastasize. Copper and iron are two essential metals that play significant roles in the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and several chelators have been studied to suppress the bioavailability of these metals in the cells. This review discusses the major contributions that Cu and Fe play in the progression and spreading of cancer and evaluates select Cu and Fe chelators that demonstrate great promise as anticancer drugs. Efforts to improve the cellular delivery, efficacy, and tumor responsiveness of these chelators are also presented including a transmetallation strategy for dual targeting of Cu and Fe. To elucidate the effectiveness and specificity of Cu and Fe chelators for treating cancer, analytical tools are described for measuring Cu and Fe levels and for tracking the metals in cells, tissue, and the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Geraldo Duran-Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Josué A Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Lauren Fernández-Vega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Lesly Carmona Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Angelys Cruz García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Felipe Pérez-Deliz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - José A Méndez Román
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Melissa Vega-Cartagena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Arthur D Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
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11
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Riedel T, Demaria O, Zava O, Joncic A, Gilliet M, Dyson PJ. Drug Repurposing Approach Identifies a Synergistic Drug Combination of an Antifungal Agent and an Experimental Organometallic Drug for Melanoma Treatment. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:116-126. [PMID: 29185769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By screening a drug library comprising FDA approved compounds, we discovered a potent interaction between the antifungal agent haloprogin and the experimental organometallic drug RAPTA-T, to synergistically induce cancer cell killing. The combination of these two small molecules, even at low doses, elicited an improved therapeutic response on tumor growth over either agent alone or the current treatment used in the clinic in the highly aggressive syngeneic B16F10 melanoma tumor model, where classical cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents show little efficacy. The combination with the repurposed chemodrug haloprogin provides the basis for a new powerful treatment option for cutaneous melanoma. Importantly, because synergistic induction of tumor cell death is achieved with low individual drug doses, and cellular targets for RAPTA-T are different from those of classical chemotherapeutic drugs, a therapeutic strategy based on this approach could avoid toxicities and potentially resistance mechanisms, and could even inhibit metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Riedel
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Demaria
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Zava
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Joncic
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hernandez JJ, Pryszlak M, Smith L, Yanchus C, Kurji N, Shahani VM, Molinski SV. Giving Drugs a Second Chance: Overcoming Regulatory and Financial Hurdles in Repurposing Approved Drugs As Cancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2017; 7:273. [PMID: 29184849 PMCID: PMC5694537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The repositioning or “repurposing” of existing therapies for alternative disease indications is an attractive approach that can save significant investments of time and money during drug development. For cancer indications, the primary goal of repurposed therapies is on efficacy, with less restriction on safety due to the immediate need to treat this patient population. This report provides a high-level overview of how drug developers pursuing repurposed assets have previously navigated funding efforts, regulatory affairs, and intellectual property laws to commercialize these “new” medicines in oncology. This article provides insight into funding programs (e.g., government grants and philanthropic organizations) that academic and corporate initiatives can leverage to repurpose drugs for cancer. In addition, we highlight previous examples where secondary uses of existing, Food and Drug Administration- or European Medicines Agency-approved therapies have been predicted in silico and successfully validated in vitro and/or in vivo (i.e., animal models and human clinical trials) for certain oncology indications. Finally, we describe the strategies that the pharmaceutical industry has previously employed to navigate regulatory considerations and successfully commercialize their drug products. These factors must be carefully considered when repurposing existing drugs for cancer to best benefit patients and drug developers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Javier Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Pryszlak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Connor Yanchus
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Wu J, Yu X, Liu J, Lin Y, Gao Y, Jia L, Chen H. Synthesis of metapristone through an efficient N-demethylation of mifepristone. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved and efficient condition of N-demethylation of mifepristone in an excellent yield is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xuemei Yu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yuqin Lin
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
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14
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Abstract
Cushing’s disease (CD) in a stricter sense derives from pathologic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion usually triggered by micro- or macroadenoma of the pituitary gland. It is, thus, a form of secondary hypercortisolism. In contrast, Cushing’s syndrome (CS) describes the complexity of clinical consequences triggered by excessive cortisol blood levels over extended periods of time irrespective of their origin. CS is a rare disease according to the European orphan regulation affecting not more than 5/10,000 persons in Europe. CD most commonly affects adults aged 20–50 years with a marked female preponderance (1:5 ratio of male vs. female). Patient presentation and clinical symptoms substantially vary depending on duration and plasma levels of cortisol. In 80% of cases CS is ACTH-dependent and in 20% of cases it is ACTH-independent, respectively. Endogenous CS usually is a result of a pituitary tumor. Clinical manifestation of CS, apart from corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH-), ACTH-, and cortisol-producing (malign and benign) tumors may also be by exogenous glucocorticoid intake. Diagnosis of hypercortisolism (irrespective of its origin) comprises the following: Complete blood count including serum electrolytes, blood sugar etc., urinary free cortisol (UFC) from 24 h-urine sampling and circadian profile of plasma cortisol, plasma ACTH, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone itself, and urine steroid profile, Low-Dose-Dexamethasone-Test, High-Dose-Dexamethasone-Test, after endocrine diagnostic tests: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultra-sound, computer tomography (CT) and other localization diagnostics. First-line therapy is trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS) of the pituitary adenoma (in case of ACTH-producing tumors). In patients not amenable for surgery radiotherapy remains an option. Pharmacological therapy applies when these two options are not amenable or refused. In cases when pharmacological therapy becomes necessary, Pasireotide should be used in first-line in CD. CS patients are at an overall 4-fold higher mortality rate than age- and gender-matched subjects in the general population. The following article describes the most prominent substances used for clinical management of CS and gives a systematic overview of safety profiles, pharmacokinetic (PK)-parameters, and regulatory framework.
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15
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Gamarra-Luques CD, Hapon MB, Goyeneche AA, Telleria CM. Resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel does not affect the sensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells to antiprogestin-induced cytotoxicity. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:45. [PMID: 24795781 PMCID: PMC4007005 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiprogestin compounds have been shown to be effective in blocking the growth of ovarian cancer cells of different genetic backgrounds. Herein we studied the anti-ovarian cancer effect of a series of antiprogestins sharing the chemical backbone of the most characterized antiprogestin, mifepristone, but with unique modifications in position C-17 of the steroid ring. We assessed the effect of mifepristone-like antiprogestins on the growth of ovarian cancer cells sensitive to the standard combination therapy cisplatin-paclitaxel or made double-resistant upon six cycles of pulse-selection with the drugs used at clinically relevant concentrations and exposure times. Methods IGROV-1 and SKOV-3 cells were pulsed with 20 μM cisplatin for 1 h followed by 100 nM paclitaxel for 3 h once a week for six weeks. The cells that did not die and repopulate the culture after the chemotherapies were termed Platinum-Taxane-EScape cells (PTES). Parental cells were compared against their PTES derivatives in their responses to further platinum-taxane treatments. Moreover, both ovarian cancer cells and their PTES siblings were exposed to escalating doses of the various antiprogestin derivatives. We assessed cell growth, viability and sub-G1 DNA content using microcapillary cytometry. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21cip1 and p27kip1 and cleavage of downstream caspase-3 substrate PARP were used to assess whether cell fate, as a consequence of treatment, was limited to cytostasis or progressed to lethality. Results Cells subjected to six pulse-selection cycles of cisplatin-paclitaxel gave rise to sibling derivatives that displayed ~2-7 fold reduction in their sensitivities to further chemotherapy. However, regardless of the sensitivity the cells developed to the combination cisplatin-paclitaxel, they displayed similar sensitivity to the antiprogestins, which blocked their growth in a dose-related manner, with lower concentrations causing cytostasis, and higher concentrations causing lethality. Conclusions Antiprogestins carrying a backbone similar to mifepristone are cytotoxic to ovarian cancer cells in a manner that does not depend on the sensitivity the cells have to the standard ovarian cancer chemotherapeutics, cisplatin and paclitaxel. Thus, antiprogestin therapy could be used to treat ovarian cancer cells showing resistance to both platinum and taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Gamarra-Luques
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South, Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA ; Present Address: Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Maria B Hapon
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South, Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA ; Present Address: Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alicia A Goyeneche
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South, Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Carlos M Telleria
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South, Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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16
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Jeon J, Nim S, Teyra J, Datti A, Wrana JL, Sidhu SS, Moffat J, Kim PM. A systematic approach to identify novel cancer drug targets using machine learning, inhibitor design and high-throughput screening. Genome Med 2014; 6:57. [PMID: 25165489 PMCID: PMC4143549 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an integrated approach that predicts and validates novel anti-cancer drug targets. We first built a classifier that integrates a variety of genomic and systematic datasets to prioritize drug targets specific for breast, pancreatic and ovarian cancer. We then devised strategies to inhibit these anti-cancer drug targets and selected a set of targets that are amenable to inhibition by small molecules, antibodies and synthetic peptides. We validated the predicted drug targets by showing strong anti-proliferative effects of both synthetic peptide and small molecule inhibitors against our predicted targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouhyun Jeon
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Satra Nim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Joan Teyra
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Center for Systems Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06100 Italy
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Center for Systems Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
| | - Philip M Kim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1 Canada
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17
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Kemp CJ, Grandori C. Functional genomics to identify unforeseen cancer drug targets. Future Oncol 2013; 9:473-6. [PMID: 23560369 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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