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Zheng H, Wu X, Guo L, Liu J. MyD88 signaling pathways: role in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336696. [PMID: 38347830 PMCID: PMC10859757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
MyD88 plays a central role in breast cancer, exerting a multitude of effects that carry substantial implications. Elevated MyD88 expression is closely associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, suggesting its potential as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic target. MyD88 exerts influence over several critical aspects of breast cancer, including metastasis, recurrence, drug resistance, and the regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Furthermore, MyD88 modulates the release of inflammatory and chemotactic factors, thereby shaping the tumor's immune microenvironment. Its role in immune response modulation underscores its potential in influencing the dynamic interplay between tumors and the immune system. MyD88 primarily exerts intricate effects on tumor progression through pathways such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Toll-like Receptor/Nuclear Factor Kappa B (TLR/NF-κB), and others. Nevertheless, in-depth research is essential to unveil the precise mechanisms underlying the diverse roles of MyD88 in breast cancer. The translation of these findings into clinical applications holds great promise for advancing precision medicine approaches for breast cancer patients, ultimately enhancing prognosis and enabling the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liantao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Hapeman JD, Carneiro CS, Nedelcu AM. A model for the dissemination of circulating tumour cell clusters involving platelet recruitment and a plastic switch between cooperative and individual behaviours. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 37605189 PMCID: PMC10440896 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of extensive research, cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. As cancer progresses, cells acquire traits that allow them to disperse and disseminate to distant locations in the body - a process known as metastasis. While in the vasculature, these cells are referred to as circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and can manifest either as single cells or clusters of cells (i.e., CTC clusters), with the latter being the most aggressive. The increased metastatic potential of CTC clusters is generally associated with cooperative group benefits in terms of survival, including increased resistance to shear stress, anoikis, immune attacks and drugs. However, the adoption of a group phenotype poses a challenge when exiting the vasculature (extravasation) as the large size can hinder the passage through vessel walls. Despite their significant role in the metastatic process, the mechanisms through which CTC clusters extravasate remain largely unknown. Based on the observed in vivo association between CTC clusters and platelets, we hypothesized that cancer cells take advantage of the platelet-derived Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) - a signalling factor that has been widely implicated in many aspects of cancer, to facilitate their own dissemination. To address this possibility, we evaluated the effect of exogenous TGF-β1 on an experimentally evolved non-small cell lung cancer cell line that we previously developed and used to investigate the biology of CTC clusters. RESULTS We found that exogenous TGF-β1 induced the dissociation of clusters in suspension into adherent single cells. Once adhered, cells released their own TGF-β1 and were able to individually migrate and invade in the absence of exogenous TGF-β1. Based on these findings we developed a model that involves a TGF-β1-mediated plastic switch between a cooperative phenotype and a single-celled stage that enables the extravasation of CTC clusters. CONCLUSIONS This model allows for the possibility that therapies can be developed against TGF-β1 signalling components and/or TGF-β1 target genes to suppress the metastatic potential of CTC clusters. Considering the negative impact that metastasis has on cancer prognosis and the lack of therapies against this process, interfering with the ability of CTC clusters to switch between cooperative and individual behaviours could provide new strategies to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorian D Hapeman
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Caroline S Carneiro
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Aurora M Nedelcu
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Carneiro CS, Hapeman JD, Nedelcu AM. Synergistic inter-clonal cooperation involving crosstalk, co-option and co-dependency can enhance the invasiveness of genetically distant cancer clones. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 37226092 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intensive research, cancer remains a major health problem. The difficulties in treating cancer reflect the complex nature of this disease, including high levels of heterogeneity within tumours. Intra-tumour heterogeneity creates the conditions for inter-clonal competition and selection, which could result in selective sweeps and a reduction in levels of heterogeneity. However, in addition to competing, cancer clones can also cooperate with each other, and the positive effects of these interactions on the fitness of clones could actually contribute to maintaining the heterogeneity of tumours. Consequently, understanding the evolutionary mechanisms and pathways involved in such activities is of great significance for cancer treatment. This is particularly relevant for metastasis (i.e., tumor cell migration, invasion, dispersal and dissemination), which is the most lethal phase during cancer progression. To explore if and how genetically distant clones can cooperate during migration and invasion, this study used three distinct cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials. RESULTS We found that (i) the conditioned media from two invasive lines (breast and lung) increased the migration and invasion potential of a poorly metastatic line (breast), and (ii) this inter-clonal cooperative interaction involved the TGF-β1 signalling pathway. Furthermore, when the less aggressive line was co-cultured with the highly metastatic breast line, the invasive potential of both lines was enhanced, and this outcome was dependent on the co-option (through TGF-β1 autocrine-paracrine signalling) of the weakly metastatic clone into expressing an enhanced malignant phenotype that benefited both clones (i.e., a "help me help you" strategy). CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose a model in which crosstalk, co-option, and co-dependency can facilitate the evolution of synergistic cooperative interactions between genetically distant clones. Specifically, we suggest that synergistic cooperative interactions can easily emerge, regardless of the degree of overall genetic/genealogical relatedness, via crosstalk involving metastatic clones able to constitutively secrete molecules that induce and maintain their own malignant state (producer-responder clones) and clones that have the ability to respond to those signals (responder clones) and express a synergistic metastatic behaviour. Taking into account the lack of therapies that directly affect the metastatic process, interfering with such cooperative interactions during the early steps in the metastatic cascade could provide additional strategies to increase patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Carneiro
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jorian D Hapeman
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Aurora M Nedelcu
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Shrestha S, Banstola A, Jeong JH, Seo JH, Yook S. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic and diagnostic strategies by the virtue of nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 348:518-536. [PMID: 35709876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the subpopulation of cells present within a tumor with the properties of self-renewing, differentiating, and proliferating. Owing to the presence of ATP-binding cassette drug pumps and increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, the conventional chemotherapeutic agents have failed to eliminate CSCs resulting in relapse and resistance of cancer. Therefore, to obtain long-lasting clinical responses and avoid the recurrence of cancer, it is crucial to develop an efficient strategy targeting CSCs by either employing a differentiation therapy or specifically delivering drugs to CSCs. Several intracellular and extracellular cancer specific biomarkers are overexpressed by CSCs and are utilized as targets for the development of new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of CSCs. Moreover, several nanostructured particles, alone or in combination with current treatment approaches, have been used to improve the detection, imaging, and targeting of CSCs, thus addressing the limitations of cancer therapies. Targeting CSC surface markers, stemness-related signaling pathways, and tumor microenvironmental signals has improved the detection and eradication of CSCs and, therefore, tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes a variety of promising nanoparticles targeting the surface biomarkers of CSCs for the detection and eradication of tumor-initiating stem cells, used in combination with other treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjhana Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Asmita Banstola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Autocrine TGFβ1 Opposes Exogenous TGFβ1-Induced Cell Migration and Growth Arrest through Sustainment of a Feed-Forward Loop Involving MEK-ERK Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061357. [PMID: 33802809 PMCID: PMC8002526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor (TGF) β signaling is intimately involved in nearly all aspects of tumor development and is known for its role as both a tumor suppressor in benign tissues and a tumor promoter in advanced cancers. This dual role is also reflected by cancer cell-produced TGFβ that eventually acts on the same cell(s) in an autocrine fashion. Recently, we observed that endogenous TGFB1 can inhibit rather than stimulate cell motility in cell lines with high autocrine TGFβ production. The unexpected anti-migratory role prompted us to evaluate how autocrine TGFβ1 impacts the cells’ migratory and proliferative responses to exogenous (recombinant human) TGFβ. Surprisingly, endogenous TGFB1 opposed the migratory and growth-inhibitory responses induced by exogenous TGFβ1 by driving a self-perpetuating feedforward loop involving MEK-ERK signaling. Our observation has implications for the use of TGFβ signaling inhibitors in cancer therapy. Abstract Autocrine transforming growth factor β (aTGFβ) has been implicated in the regulation of cell invasion and growth of several malignant cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Recently, we observed that endogenous TGFB1 can inhibit rather than stimulate cell motility in cell lines with high aTGFβ production and mutant KRAS, i.e., Panc1 (PDAC) and MDA-MB-231 (TNBC). The unexpected anti-migratory role prompted us to evaluate if aTGFβ1 may be able to antagonize the action of exogenous (recombinant human) TGFβ (rhTGFβ), a well-known promoter of cell motility and growth arrest in these cells. Surprisingly, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the endogenous TGFB1 sensitized genes involved in EMT and cell motility (i.e., SNAI1) to up-regulation by rhTGFβ1, which was associated with a more pronounced migratory response following rhTGFβ1 treatment. Ectopic expression of TGFB1 decreased both basal and rhTGFβ1-induced migratory activities in MDA-MB-231 cells but had the opposite effect in Panc1 cells. Moreover, silencing TGFB1 reduced basal proliferation and enhanced growth inhibition by rhTGFβ1 and induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21WAF1. Finally, we show that aTGFβ1 promotes MEK-ERK signaling and vice versa to form a self-perpetuating feedforward loop that is sensitive to SB431542, an inhibitor of the TGFβ type I receptor, ALK5. Together, these data suggest that in transformed cells an ALK5-MEK-ERK-aTGFβ1 pathway opposes the promigratory and growth-arresting function of rhTGFβ1. This observation has profound translational implications for TGFβ signaling in cancer.
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LncRNAs and microRNAs as Essential Regulators of Stemness in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030380. [PMID: 33802575 PMCID: PMC7998729 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an aggressive disease with a high incidence in women worldwide. Two decades ago, a controversial hypothesis was proposed that cancer arises from a subpopulation of “tumor initiating cells” or “cancer stem cells-like” (CSC). Today, CSC are defined as small subset of somatic cancer cells within a tumor with self-renewal properties driven by the aberrant expression of genes involved in the maintenance of a stemness-like phenotype. The understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of CSC subpopulation are fundamental in the development and persistence of breast cancer. Nowadays, the hypothesis suggests that genetic and epigenetic alterations give rise to breast cancer stem cells (bCSC), which are responsible for self-renewal, tumor growth, chemoresistance, poor prognosis and low survival in patients. However, the prominence of bCSC, as well as the molecular mechanisms that regulates and promotes the malignant phenotypes, are still poorly understood. The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes has been recently highlighted by a plethora of studies in breast cancer. These ncRNAs positively or negatively impact on different signaling pathways that govern the cancer hallmarks associated with bCSC, making them attractive targets for therapy. In this review, we present a current summary of the studies on the pivotal roles of lncRNAs and microRNAs in the regulation of genes associated to stemness of bCSC.
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Zheng Q, Zhang M, Zhou F, Zhang L, Meng X. The Breast Cancer Stem Cells Traits and Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599965. [PMID: 33584277 PMCID: PMC7876385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present. Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the BC drugs resistance, causing relapse and metastasis in BC patients. Thus, BCSCs elimination could reverse drug resistance and improve drug efficacy to benefit BC patients. Consequently, mastering the knowledge on the proliferation, resistance mechanisms, and separation of BCSCs in BC therapy is extremely helpful for BCSCs-targeted therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize the principal BCSCs surface markers and signaling pathways, and list the BCSCs-related drug resistance mechanisms in chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and targeted therapy (TT), and display therapeutic strategies for targeting BCSCs to reverse drug resistance in BC. Even more importantly, more attention should be paid to studies on BCSC-targeted strategies to overcome the drug resistant dilemma of clinical therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Ungefroren H. Autocrine TGF-β in Cancer: Review of the Literature and Caveats in Experimental Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:977. [PMID: 33478130 PMCID: PMC7835898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine signaling is defined as the production and secretion of an extracellular mediator by a cell followed by the binding of that mediator to receptors on the same cell to initiate signaling. Autocrine stimulation often operates in autocrine loops, a type of interaction, in which a cell produces a mediator, for which it has receptors, that upon activation promotes expression of the same mediator, allowing the cell to repeatedly autostimulate itself (positive feedback) or balance its expression via regulation of a second factor that provides negative feedback. Autocrine signaling loops with positive or negative feedback are an important feature in cancer, where they enable context-dependent cell signaling in the regulation of growth, survival, and cell motility. A growth factor that is intimately involved in tumor development and progression and often produced by the cancer cells in an autocrine manner is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This review surveys the many observations of autocrine TGF-β signaling in tumor biology, including data from cell culture and animal models as well as from patients. We also provide the reader with a critical discussion on the various experimental approaches employed to identify and prove the involvement of autocrine TGF-β in a given cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany;
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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A comparative analysis of immunomodulatory genes in two clonal subpopulations of CD90 + amniocytes isolated from human amniotic fluid. Placenta 2020; 101:234-241. [PMID: 33027742 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory activity of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different sources, such as placental membranes, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid has been proved. The heterogeneous nature of human amniocytes have been confirmed due to different clonal subpopulations found in amniotic fluid. The aim of this study was to investigate a 17-gene panel of immunomodulatory markers in two clonal subpopulations of CD90+ amniocytes, divided based on morphology into epithelioid and fibroblastoid cells. METHOD Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to study the expression of the chosen genes. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the non-hematopoietic mesenchymal origin of isolated cells, based on lacking the hematopoietic marker of CD31, and the presence of mesenchymal marker of CD90 (both on more than 90% of cells). RESULTS Our results showed that besides growth characteristics, the two cell groups were different in expressional profile, so that, fibroblastoid clones displayed higher level of immunosuppression genes as well as mesenchymal surface marker of CD90 compared to epithelioid ones. Our previous investigation on these clones showed that epithelioid cells have a more potential to express the pluripotency genes. It seems there is an inverse relationship between genes associated with immunosuppression and pluripotency. CONCLUSION Although many reports have been published regarding the immunosuppressive properties of fetal stem cells, but few studies to date have explained whether the stemness state of human amniocytes may affect their immunosuppressive potential. Further study on amniocytes, which often has self-renewal ability and high immunomodulatory potential, can help to understand the details of this relationship.
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Zhu Q, Shen Y, Chen X, He J, Liu J, Zu X. Self-Renewal Signalling Pathway Inhibitors: Perspectives on Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Stem Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:525-540. [PMID: 32021295 PMCID: PMC6970631 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s224465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor survival and prognosis of individuals with cancer are often attributed to tumour relapse and metastasis, which may be due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have the characteristics of self-renewal, differentiation potential, high carcinogenicity, and drug resistance. In addition, CSCs exhibit many characteristics similar to those of embryonic or tissue stem cells while displaying persistent abnormal activation of self-renewal pathways associated with development and tissue homeostasis, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), TGF-β, JAK/STAT3, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, we can eliminate CSCs by targeting these self-renewal pathways to constrain stem cell replication, survival and differentiation. At the same time, we cannot neglect the ping-pong effect of the tumour microenvironment, which releases cytokines and promotes self-renewal pathways in CSCs. Recently, meaningful progress has been made in the study of inhibitors of self-renewal pathways in tumours. This review primarily summarizes several representative and novel agents targeting these self-renewal signalling pathways and the tumour microenvironment and that represent a promising strategy for treating refractory and recurrent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
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Ye J, Lei J, Fang Q, Shen Y, Xia W, Hu X, Xu Q, Yuan H, Huang J, Ni C. miR-4666-3p and miR-329 Synergistically Suppress the Stemness of Colorectal Cancer Cells via Targeting TGF-β/Smad Pathway. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1251. [PMID: 31824844 PMCID: PMC6880832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent caner stem cells are identified as a subpopulation of colon cancer cells in dormant state and possess strong stem-cell like characteristics. Previously, we have identified this subpopulation in colorectal cancer (quiescent colon cancer stem cells, QCCSCs), and find QCCSCs are sensitive to the apoptotic effect of IFN-γ, which is attributed to their high IFN-γR expression levels. Microarray and bioinformatic analysis indicate miR-4666-3p is low expressed in QCCSCs and target IFN-γR1/2, which is proved by luciferase assay and western-blot. Furthermore, we find miR-4666-3p could also target TGF-βR1 to block the activation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway, therefore function as a tumor suppressor gene to inhibit the stemness of colon cancer cells. Besides, compared with QCCSCs, we find the TGF-β1 expression also decreased with the weakening of stemness properties. In terms of mechanism, our result reveal TGF-β1 is the target gene of miR-329, which is also high expressed in non-QCCSCs. Thereafter, we perform gain- and loss- function experiments to confirm the synergistic effect between miR-4666-3p and miR-329 in blocking the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway. Finally, we evaluate the expression of both miR-4666-3p and miR-329 in 73 tumor specimens and paired normal tissue, and find both two miRNAs are related to unfavorable prognosis and advanced tumor stage in colorectal cancer. Our study revealed a novel epigenetic regulation mechanism in colon cancer stem cells, which could be exploited as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacai Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Dajiangdong Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Asghari F, Khademi R, Esmaeili Ranjbar F, Veisi Malekshahi Z, Faridi Majidi R. Application of Nanotechnology in Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells: A Review. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:227-239. [PMID: 31242721 PMCID: PMC6657943 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is increasingly apparent as a systems-level, network happening. The central tendency of malignant alteration can be described as a two-phase procedure, where an initial increase of network plasticity is followed by reducing plasticity at late stages of tumor improvement. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells that take characteristics associated with normal stem cells. Cancer therapy has been based on the concept that most of the cancer cells have a similar ability to separate metastasise and kill the host. In this review, we addressed the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asghari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele Khademi
- International affairs, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Esmaeili Ranjbar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pindiprolu SKSS, Krishnamurthy PT, Chintamaneni PK. Pharmacological targets of breast cancer stem cells: a review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:463-479. [PMID: 29476201 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers contain small population of tumor-initiating cells called breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are spared even after chemotherapy. Recently, BCSCs are implicated to be a cause of metastasis, tumor relapse, and therapy resistance in breast cancer. BCSCs have unique molecular mechanisms, which can be targeted to eliminate them. These include surface biomarkers, proteins involved in self-renewal pathways, drug efflux transporters, apoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins, autophagy, metabolism, and microenvironment regulation. The complex molecular mechanisms behind the survival of BCSCs and pharmacological targets for elimination of BCSCs are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Praveen T Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University), Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
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14
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Pindiprolu SKSS, Krishnamurthy PT, Chintamaneni PK, Karri VVSR. Nanocarrier based approaches for targeting breast cancer stem cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:885-898. [PMID: 28826237 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1366337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are heterogeneous subpopulation of tumour initiating cells within breast tumours. They are spared even after chemotherapy and responsible for tumour relapse. Targeting BCSCs is, therefore, necessary to achieve radical cure in breast cancer. Despite the availability of agents targeting BCSCs, their clinical application is limited due to their off-target effects and bioavailability issues. Nanotechnology based drug carriers (nanocarriers) offer various advantages to deliver anti-BCSCs agents specifically to their target sites by overcoming their bioavailability issues. In this review, we describe various strategies for targeting BCSCs using nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
- a Department of Pharmacology , JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University) , Ootacamund , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Praveen T Krishnamurthy
- a Department of Pharmacology , JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University) , Ootacamund , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- a Department of Pharmacology , JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University) , Ootacamund , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy (A Constituent College of Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University) , Ootacamund , Tamil Nadu , India
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15
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Ling G, Ji Q, Ye W, Ma D, Wang Y. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulated by p38/MAPK signaling pathways participates in vasculogenic mimicry formation in SHG44 cells transfected with TGF-β cDNA loaded lentivirus in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2387-2398. [PMID: 27748800 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tumor progression. We assessed whether the TGF-β-induced EMT contributed to vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation in glioma, we established an SHG44 cell line stably transfected with TGF-β cDNA loaded lentivirus. SB203580 was employed to inhibit the TGF-β-induced EMT. The results showed that the VM forming ability of cells could be improved by TGF-β over-expression. The migration and invasion capabilities of cells were also enhanced due to EMT. SB203580 was able to weaken cell migration, invasion and VM forming abilities via blocking p38/MAPK signaling pathways, but it had tiny influence on MMP/LAMC2 chain. Consequently, we concluded that EMT inhibition via p38/MAPK signaling pathways would partly impair TGF-β-induced VM formation in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengqiang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Dongying Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuena Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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16
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Nie Z, Wang C, Zhou Z, Chen C, Liu R, Wang D. Transforming growth factor-beta increases breast cancer stem cell population partially through upregulating PMEPA1 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:194-201. [PMID: 26758191 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate transmembrane protein, androgen-induced 1 (PMEPA1) has been previously shown to promote solid malignancies in a variety of cancers, but the role and mechanisms of PMEPA1 in breast cancer has not been fully addressed. Here, we found that PMEPA1 was upregulated in breast cancer cell lines as well as in a set of clinical invasive breast ductal carcinomas. Interestingly, depletion of PMEPA1 decreased breast cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations, while ectopic overexpression of PMEPA1 increased breast CSC-enriched populations. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) treatment was also found to upregulate PMEPA1 expression and the CSC-enriched populations in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. TGF-β-induced PMEPA1 expression partially contributed to TGF-β-induced breast CSC maintenance. These findings suggest that TGF-β-PMEPA1 axis might provide new diagnosis and therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Nie
- Pharmaceutical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Dianhua Wang
- Pharmaceutical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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17
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be markedly resistant to conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that selectively target CSCs will ultimately lead to better cancer treatments. Currently, accessible conventional therapeutic agents mainly eliminate the bulk tumor but do not eliminate CSCs. Therefore, the discovery and improvement of CSC-targeting therapeutic agents are necessary. Nanoparticles effectively inhibit multiple types of CSCs by targeting specific signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-β, and hedgehog signaling) and/or specific markers (aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, CD90, and CD133) critically involved in CSC function and maintenance. In this review article, we summarized a number of findings to provide current information about their therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in various cancer cell types and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Hong
- Laboratory of Tumor Suppressor, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Beom Jang
- Laboratory of Tumor Suppressor, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- The Faculty of Liberal Arts, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Laboratory of Tumor Suppressor, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang L, Tang C, Cao H, Li K, Pang X, Zhong L, Dang W, Tang H, Huang Y, Wei L, Su M, Chen T. Activation of IL-8 via PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway is involved in leptin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1220-30. [PMID: 26121010 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1056409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Previous studies have revealed that leptin may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial initiator of cancer progression to facilitate metastatic cascade, increase tumor recurrence, and ultimately cause poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of our present study was to investigate the effect of leptin on EMT of breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that leptin significantly increased the phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2, elevated the expression of IL-8, and induced breast cancer cells to undergo EMT. The effect of leptin on IL-8 could visibly abolished by the inhibitor of PI3K LY294002. In addition, leptin-induced EMT of breast cancer cells was blocked by anti-IL-8 antibodies. Examination of the expression of ObR, leptin, IL-8 and EMT-related biomarkers in patient specimens demonstrated that malignant breast carcinoma with lymph node metastases (LNM), which represents poor prognosis, expressed higher levels of ObR, leptin, IL-8 than other types of breast cancer, and displayed more obvious EMT transversion. In vivo xenograft experiment revealed that leptin signally promoted tumor growth and metastasis and increased the expressions of IL-8 and EMT-related biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that leptin-induced EMT in breast cancer cells requires IL-8 activation via the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Key Words
- AKT, Protein Kinase B
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- EMT
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- IFN, interferon
- IL-8
- IL-8, Interleukin 8
- JAK, Junas Kinase
- LNM, lymph node metastases
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- Ob-R, Ob receptor
- PI-3K, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
- PI3K/Akt
- STAT, signal transduction and activators of transcription
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necorsis factor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- breast cancer
- leptin
- mTOR, Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin
- qRT-PCR, quantify reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine ; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine ; Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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19
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Blockage of TGFβ-SMAD2 by demethylation-activated miR-148a is involved in caffeic acid-induced inhibition of cancer stem cell-like properties in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:466-75. [PMID: 26106521 PMCID: PMC4475776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CaA) attenuates CSCs-like properties in human cancer cells. CaA inhibits the activity/expression of SMAD2. CaA elevates the expression of miR-148a by inducing DNA demethylation. miR-148a targets SMAD2 in CaA-treated cells. CaA attenuates CSCs-like properties via miR-148a.
Current standard practices for treatment of cancers are less than satisfactory because of recurrence mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Caffeic acid (CaA) is a novel anti-tumor agent that inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in human cancer cells. However, little is known about the functions of CaA in regulating CSCs-like properties and the potential molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that CaA attenuated the CSCs-like properties by the microRNA-148a (miR-148a)-mediated inhibition of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-SMAD2 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. CaA enhanced the expression of miR-148a by inducing DNA methylation. MiR-148a, which targeted the SMAD2-3′UTR, decreased the expression of SMAD2. Knockdown of miR-148a abolished the CaA-induced inhibition of TGFβ-SMAD2 signal pathway and the CSCs-like properties. Our study found a novel mechanism that CaA inhibits the CSCs-like properties via miR-148a-mediated inhibition of TGFβ-SMAD2 signaling pathway, which may help to identify a new approach for the treatment of human cancers.
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Key Words
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- CaA, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid
- Caffeic acid
- Cancer stem cells-like properties
- DNA methylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferases
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- Transforming growth factor beta-SMAD2 signal pathway
- miR-148a, microRNA-148a
- microRNA-148a
- qMSP, quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction
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20
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Jiang F, Li Y, Mu J, Hu C, Zhou M, Wang X, Si L, Ning S, Li Z. Glabridin inhibits cancer stem cell-like properties of human breast cancer cells: An epigenetic regulation of miR-148a/SMAd2 signaling. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:929-40. [PMID: 25980823 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, the cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be the main cause of metastasis and recurrence. Targeting of CSCs or cancer cells with stem cell-like properties has become a new approach for the treatment of breast cancer. Glabridin (GLA), a phytochemical from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, exhibited effective antitumor properties in various human cancer cells. However, the roles of GLA in the regulation of CSC-like properties and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reported that GLA attenuated the CSC-like properties through microRNA-148a (miR-148a)/transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-SMAD2 signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. In MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578T breast cancer cell lines, GLA enhanced the expression of miR-148a through DNA demethylation. By targeting of the SMAD2-3'-UTR, miR-148a blocked the expression/activation of SMAD2, and in turn, restored the epithelial characteristics, adhesive abilities, and CSC-like properties. Furthermore, in mouse xenograft models, we also confirmed that GLA attenuated the tumor growth, mesenchymal characteristics, and CSCs-like properties via demethylation-activated miR-148a. Our findings suggested a potential treatment strategy to reduce the CSCs-like properties, and therefore enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Mu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Si
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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21
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LIU ZHAO, HOU JIAJIE, REN LIDONG, HE JING, SUN BEICHENG, SUN LUZHE, WANG SHUI. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O expression in the tumor niche correlates with reduced tumor growth, angiogenesis, circulating tumor cells and metastasis of breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1908-14. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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22
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Weber CE, Kothari AN, Wai PY, Li NY, Driver J, Zapf MAC, Franzen CA, Gupta GN, Osipo C, Zlobin A, Syn WK, Zhang J, Kuo PC, Mi Z. Osteopontin mediates an MZF1-TGF-β1-dependent transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4821-33. [PMID: 25531323 PMCID: PMC4476970 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TMEN) significantly influence cancer growth and metastasis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to be a critical mediator of the CAF phenotype, and osteopontin (OPN) expression in tumors is associated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor patient outcomes. The potential link between these two pathways has not been previously addressed. Utilizing in vitro studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MDA-MB231 (OPN+) and MCF7 (OPN−) human breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that OPN induces integrin-dependent MSC expression of TGF-β1 to mediate adoption of the CAF phenotype. This OPN-TGF-β1 pathway requires the transcription factor, myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1). In vivo studies with xenotransplant models in NOD-scid mice showed that OPN expression increases cancer growth and metastasis by mediating MSC-to-CAF transformation in a process that is MZF1- and TGF-β1-dependent. We conclude that tumor-derived OPN engenders MSC-to-CAF transformation in the microenvironment to promote tumor growth and metastasis via the OPN-MZF1-TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Weber
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A N Kothari
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P Y Wai
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - N Y Li
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - J Driver
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - M A C Zapf
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C A Franzen
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - G N Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C Osipo
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A Zlobin
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - W K Syn
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, London, UK
| | - J Zhang
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P C Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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23
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Ordóñez R, Gallo-Oller G, Martínez-Soto S, Legarra S, Pata-Merci N, Guegan J, Danglot G, Bernheim A, Meléndez B, Rey JA, Castresana JS. Genome-wide microarray expression and genomic alterations by array-CGH analysis in neuroblastoma stem-like cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113105. [PMID: 25392930 PMCID: PMC4231109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma has a very diverse clinical behaviour: from spontaneous regression to a very aggressive malignant progression and resistance to chemotherapy. This heterogeneous clinical behaviour might be due to the existence of Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), a subpopulation within the tumor with stem-like cell properties: a significant proliferation capacity, a unique self-renewal capacity, and therefore, a higher ability to form new tumors. We enriched the CSC-like cell population content of two commercial neuroblastoma cell lines by the use of conditioned cell culture media for neurospheres, and compared genomic gains and losses and genome expression by array-CGH and microarray analysis, respectively (in CSC-like versus standard tumor cells culture). Despite the array-CGH did not show significant differences between standard and CSC-like in both analyzed cell lines, the microarray expression analysis highlighted some of the most relevant biological processes and molecular functions that might be responsible for the CSC-like phenotype. Some signalling pathways detected seem to be involved in self-renewal of normal tissues (Wnt, Notch, Hh and TGF-β) and contribute to CSC phenotype. We focused on the aberrant activation of TGF-β and Hh signalling pathways, confirming the inhibition of repressors of TGF-β pathway, as SMAD6 and SMAD7 by RT-qPCR. The analysis of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway showed overexpression of PTCH1, GLI1 and SMO. We found overexpression of CD133 and CD15 in SIMA neurospheres, confirming that this cell line was particularly enriched in stem-like cells. This work shows a cross-talk among different pathways in neuroblastoma and its importance in CSC-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ordóñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gallo-Oller
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Soledad Martínez-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sheila Legarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Bárbara Meléndez
- Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rey
- IdiPaz Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier S. Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, Pamplona, Spain
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24
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Jiang F, Wang X, Liu Q, Shen J, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang J. Inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD3/NF-κB signaling by microRNA-491 is involved in arsenic trioxide-induced anti-angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:55-61. [PMID: 25196641 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current standard practices for treatment of HCC are less than satisfactory because of metastasis and recurrence, which are primarily attributed to the angiogenesis. So, the anti-angiogenesis treatment has become the new approach for HCC therapy. In addition to treating leukemia, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) also suppresses other solid tumors, including HCC. However, the roles of As2O3 in the angiogenesis potential of HCC cells remain unclear. In our present study, As2O3 attenuated the angiogenic ability by the microRNA-491 (miR-491)-mediated inhibition of TGF-β/SMAD3/NF-κB signal pathway in MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells. Briefly, in these cells, As2O3 improved the expression of miR-491 via DNA-demethylation; miR-491, which targeted the SMAD3-3'-UTR, decreased the expression/function of SMAD3, leading to the inactivation of NF-κB/IL-6/STAT-3 signaling; knockdown of miR-491 abolished the As2O3-induced inhibitions of the TGF-β/SMAD3/NF-κB pathway, the VEGF secretion, and the angiogenesis. By understanding a novel mechanism whereby As2O3 inhibits the angiogenic potential in HCC cells, our study would help in the design of future strategies of developing As2O3 as a potential chemopreventive agent when used alone or in combination with other current anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qinqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China.
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Abstract
With growing accounts of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, greater understanding the immune system and the mechanisms of cellular immunity have become primary objectives in immunology studies. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is implicated in various aspects of the innate immune system as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and a late mediator of inflammation, as well as in principal cellular processes, such as autophagy and apoptosis. HMGB1 functions in the nucleus as a DNA chaperone; however, it exhibits cytokine-like activity when secreted by injurious or infectious stimuli. Extracellular HMGB1 acts through specific receptors to promote activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to production of cytokines and chemokines. These findings further implicate HMGB1 in lethal inflammatory diseases as a crucial regulator of inflammatory, injurious, and infectious responses. In this paper, we summarize the role of HMGB1 in inflammatory and non-inflammatory states and assess potential therapeutic approaches targeting HMGB1 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Sup Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Brain Korea 21 PLUS for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Targeting WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 2 alters human breast cancer cell susceptibility to specific lysis through regulation of KLF-4 and miR-7 expression. Oncogene 2014; 34:2261-71. [PMID: 24931170 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis for the resistance of tumor cells to cell-mediated cytotoxicity remains poorly understood and thus poses a major challenge for cancer immunotherapy. The present study was designed to determine whether the WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP2, also referred to as CCN5), a key regulator of tumor cell plasticity, interferes with tumor susceptibility to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis. We found that silencing WISP2 signaling in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells impairs CTL-mediated cell killing by a mechanism involving stem cell marker Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLF-4) induction and microRNA-7 (miR-7) downregulation. Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling using the A83-01 inhibitor in MCF7-shWISP2 cells resulted in a significant reversal of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transitioned (EMT) phenotype, the expression of KLF-4 and a partial recovery of target susceptibility to CTLs. More importantly, we showed that silencing KLF-4 was accompanied by a reduction in MCF7-shWISP2 resistance to CTLs. Using human breast cancer tissues, we demonstrated the coexpression of KLF-4 with EMT markers and TGF-β pathway signaling components. More importantly, we found that KLF-4 expression was accompanied by miR-7 inhibition, which is partly responsible for impairing CTL-mediated lysis. Thus, our data indicate that WISP2 has a role in regulating tumor cell susceptibility through EMT by inducing the TGF-β signaling pathway, KLF-4 expression and miR-7 inhibition. These studies indicate for the first time that WISP2 acts as an activator of CTL-induced killing and suggests that the loss of its function promotes evasion of immunosurveillance and the ensuing progression of the tumor.
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Malecki M, Putzer E, Sabo C, Foorohar A, Quach C, Stampe C, Beauchaine M, Tombokan X, Malecki R, Anderson M. Directed cardiomyogenesis of autologous human induced pluripotent stem cells recruited to infarcted myocardium with bioengineered antibodies. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:13. [PMID: 25132967 PMCID: PMC4131312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial infarctions constitute a major factor contributing to non-natural mortality world-wide. Clinical trials of myocardial regenerative therapy, currently pursued by cardiac surgeons, involve administration of stem cells into the hearts of patients suffering from myocardial infarctions. Unfortunately, surgical acquisition of these cells from bone marrow or heart is traumatic, retention of these cells to sites of therapeutic interventions is low, and directed differentiation of these cells in situ into cardiomyocytes is difficult. The specific aims of this work were: (1) to generate autologous, human, pluripotent, induced stem cells (ahiPSCs) from the peripheral blood of the patients suffering myocardial infarctions; (2) to bioengineer heterospecific antibodies (htAbs) and use them for recruitment of the ahiPSCs to infarcted myocardium; (3) to initiate in situ directed cardiomyogenesis of the ahiPSCs retained to infarcted myocardium. METHODS Peripheral blood was drawn from six patients scheduled for heart transplants. Mononuclear cells were isolated and reprogrammed, with plasmids carrying six genes (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28A, MYC), to yield the ahiPSCs. Cardiac tissues were excised from the injured hearts of the patients, who received transplants during orthotopic surgery. These tissues were used to prepare in vitro models of stem cell therapy of infarcted myocardium. The htAbs were bioengineered, which simultaneously targeted receptors displayed on pluripotent stem cells (SSEA-4, SSEA-3, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81) and proteins of myocardial sarcomeres (myosin, α-actinin, actin, titin). They were used to bridge the ahiPSCs to the infarcted myocardium. The retained ahiPSCs were directed with bone morphogenetic proteins and nicotinamides to differentiate towards myocardial lineage. RESULTS The patients' mononuclear cells were efficiently reprogrammed into the ahiPSCs. These ahiPSCs were administered to infarcted myocardium in in vitro models. They were recruited to and retained at the treated myocardium with higher efficacy and specificity, if were preceded with the htAbs, than with isotype antibodies or plain buffers. The retained cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS The proof of concept has been attained, for reprogramming the patients' blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into the ahiPSCs, recruiting these cells to infarcted myocardium, and initiating their cardiomyogenesis. This novel strategy is ready to support the ongoing clinical trials aimed at regeneration of infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Malecki
- />Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA USA
- />National Magnetic Resonance Facility, National Institutes of Health, Madison, WI USA
- />University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Emily Putzer
- />University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI USA
- />Latin American Youth Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Chelsea Sabo
- />University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI USA
- />University of Sheffield, Sheffield, EU UK
| | - Afsoon Foorohar
- />Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA USA
- />Western University, Lebanon, OR USA
| | - Carol Quach
- />Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA USA
- />Western University, Pomona, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Raf Malecki
- />San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mark Anderson
- />National Magnetic Resonance Facility, National Institutes of Health, Madison, WI USA
- />University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI USA
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Quan M, Wang P, Cui J, Gao Y, Xie K. The roles of FOXM1 in pancreatic stem cells and carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:159. [PMID: 24325450 PMCID: PMC3924162 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the poorest prognoses among all cancers. Over the past several decades, investigators have made great advances in the research of PDAC pathogenesis. Importantly, identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) in pancreatic cancer cases has increased our understanding of PDAC biology and therapy. PCSCs are responsible for pancreatic tumorigenesis and tumor progression via a number of mechanisms, including extensive proliferation, self-renewal, high tumorigenic ability, high propensity for invasiveness and metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatment. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that PCSCs are involved in the malignant transformation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. The molecular mechanisms that control PCSCs are related to alterations of various signaling pathways, for instance, Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, and Nodal/Activin. Also, authors have reported that the proliferation-specific transcriptional factor Forkhead box protein M1 is involved in PCSC self-renewal and proliferation. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the signaling pathways related to PCSCs and the early stages of PDAC development, highlighting the pivotal roles of Forkhead box protein M1 in PCSCs and their impacts on the development and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Conti L, Lanzardo S, Arigoni M, Antonazzo R, Radaelli E, Cantarella D, Calogero RA, Cavallo F. The noninflammatory role of high mobility group box 1/toll‐like receptor 2 axis in the self‐renewal of mammary cancer stem cells. FASEB J 2013; 27:4731-44. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Conti
- Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | | | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Mouse and Animal Pathology LaboratoryFondazione FilareteMilanItaly
- Department of Animal PathologyUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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Crabtree JS, Miele L. [Modification of a micromethod for determining leukocyte migration inhibition and its significance in oncological patients]. Biomedicines 1981; 6:biomedicines6030077. [PMID: 30018256 PMCID: PMC6163894 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) have been implicated in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to therapy. The origins of BCSCs remain controversial due to tumor heterogeneity and the presence of such small side populations for study, but nonetheless, cell surface markers and their correlation with BCSC functionality continue to be identified. BCSCs are driven by persistent activation of developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, Hippo, and Hedgehog and new treatment strategies that are aimed at these pathways are in preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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