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Balez R, Steiner N, Engel M, Muñoz SS, Lum JS, Wu Y, Wang D, Vallotton P, Sachdev P, O’Connor M, Sidhu K, Münch G, Ooi L. Neuroprotective effects of apigenin against inflammation, neuronal excitability and apoptosis in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31450. [PMID: 27514990 PMCID: PMC4981845 DOI: 10.1038/srep31450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, yet current therapeutic treatments are inadequate due to a complex disease pathogenesis. The plant polyphenol apigenin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in a number of cell and animal models; however a comprehensive assessment has not been performed in a human model of AD. Here we have used a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of familial and sporadic AD, in addition to healthy controls, to assess the neuroprotective activity of apigenin. The iPSC-derived AD neurons demonstrated a hyper-excitable calcium signalling phenotype, elevated levels of nitrite, increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis, reduced neurite length and increased susceptibility to inflammatory stress challenge from activated murine microglia, in comparison to control neurons. We identified that apigenin has potent anti-inflammatory properties with the ability to protect neurites and cell viability by promoting a global down-regulation of cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) release in inflammatory cells. In addition, we show that apigenin is able to protect iPSC-derived AD neurons via multiple means by reducing the frequency of spontaneous Ca(2+) signals and significantly reducing caspase-3/7 mediated apoptosis. These data demonstrate the broad neuroprotective action of apigenin against AD pathogenesis in a human disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Balez
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Nicole Steiner
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Engel
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanz Muñoz
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jeremy Stephen Lum
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Yizhen Wu
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Dadong Wang
- CSIRO Informatics and Statistics, Locked Bag 17, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Pascal Vallotton
- CSIRO Informatics and Statistics, Locked Bag 17, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington,. NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael O’Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kuldip Sidhu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington,. NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Complementary Medicine Research (CompleMed), Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Korkotian E, Botalova A, Odegova T, Galishevskaya E, Skryabina E, Segal M. Complex effects of aqueous extract of Melampyrum pratense and of its flavonoids on activity of primary cultured hippocampal neurons. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:220-228. [PMID: 25656000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aqueous extract of the plant Malmpyrum pratense (Mp), is widely used in traditional medicine as a sedative, yet the biological basis of its action is not known. AIM OF THE STUDY The effects of Mp on network activity and intrinsic and synaptic properties were studied in cultured hippocampal neurons in an attempt to analyze its mode of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dissociated cultures of rat hippocampal neurons were used. Spontaneous network activity was assessed by variations in intracellular [Ca(2+)] concentrations, reflecting action potential discharges. Individual neuronal synaptic activity was measured by patch clamp recordings from similar neurons. The effect of exposure to different concentrations of Mp and some of its main ingredients was measured. RESULTS Mp produced complex, dose dependent, reversible effects on network activity, increasing it with low concentrations, and decreasing it at high concentrations. Individual flavonoids contained in Mp mimicked the effects of the extract, both for the facilitating and suppressing effects of the extract. Electrophysiologically, Mp caused a reduction in spontaneous activity, but did not affect membrane properties of individual patch clamped neurons, nor did it affect mEPSCs recorded from these neurons. However, a transient increase in reactivity to pulse application of GABA was evident. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a main sedative effect of Mp is on GABAergic neurotransmission in cultured hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Korkotian
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Alena Botalova
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Center for Neurobiological Research, Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Odegova
- Center for Neurobiological Research, Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia.
| | | | - Eugenia Skryabina
- Department of Botany, Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia.
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits glutamate-induced Zn2+ signaling and neuronal cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting Ca2+-induced mitochondrial depolarization and formation of reactive oxygen species. Brain Res 2015; 1606:9-20. [PMID: 25721794 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a member of the anthocyanin family, is a potent natural antioxidant. However, effects of C3G on glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i increase and neuronal cell death remain unknown. We studied the effects of C3G on glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i increase and cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons from embryonic day 17 maternal Sprague-Dawley rats using digital imaging methods for Zn(2+), Ca(2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and a MTT assay for cell survival. Treatment with glutamate (100 µM) for 7 min induces reproducible [Zn(2+)]i increase at 35 min interval in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The intracellular Zn(2+)-chelator TPEN markedly blocked glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i increase, but the extracellular Zn(2+) chelator CaEDTA did not affect glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i increase. C3G inhibited the glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i response in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 of 14.1 ± 1.1 µg/ml). C3G also significantly inhibited glutamate-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase. Two antioxidants such as Trolox and DTT significantly inhibited the glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i response, but they did not affect the [Ca(2+)]i responses. C3G blocked glutamate-induced formation of ROS. Trolox and DTT also inhibited the formation of ROS. C3G significantly inhibited glutamate-induced mitochondrial depolarization. However, TPEN, Trolox and DTT did not affect the mitochondrial depolarization. C3G, Trolox and DTT attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, respectively. Taken together, all these results suggest that cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits glutamate-induced [Zn(2+)]i increase through a release of Zn(2+) from intracellular sources in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial depolarization and formation of ROS, which is involved in neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cell death.
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Perveen S, Yang JS, Ha TJ, Yoon SH. Cyanidin-3-glucoside Inhibits ATP-induced Intracellular Free Ca(2+) Concentration, ROS Formation and Mitochondrial Depolarization in PC12 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:297-305. [PMID: 25177161 PMCID: PMC4146631 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have an ability to suppress various ion channels. We determined whether one of flavonoids, cyanidin-3-glucoside, affects adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced calcium signaling using digital imaging methods for intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells. Treatment with ATP (100µM) for 90 sec induced [Ca(2+)]i increases in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside (1µ g/ml to 100µg/ml) for 30 min inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=15.3µg/ml). Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside (15µg/ml) for 30 min significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)]i responses following removal of extracellular Ca(2+) or depletion of intracellular [Ca(2+)]i stores. Cyanidin-3-glucoside also significantly inhibited the relatively specific P2X2 receptor agonist 2-MeSATP-induced [Ca(2+)]i responses. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the thapsigargin or ATP-induced store-operated calcium entry. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)]i responses in the presence of nimodipine and ω-conotoxin. Cyanidin-3-glucoside also significantly inhibited KCl (50 mM)-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization. The intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM or the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter inhibitor RU360 blocked the ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. Cyanidin-3-glucoside blocked ATP-induced formation of ROS. BAPTA-AM further decreased the formation of ROS in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. All these results suggest that cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced calcium signaling in PC12 cells by inhibiting multiple pathways which are the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) through the nimodipine and ω-conotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways and the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. In addition, cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced formation of ROS by inhibiting Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Perveen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Tae Joung Ha
- Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 627-803, Korea
| | - Shin Hee Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
- Catholic Agro-Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Sama DM, Norris CM. Calcium dysregulation and neuroinflammation: discrete and integrated mechanisms for age-related synaptic dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:982-95. [PMID: 23751484 PMCID: PMC3834216 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some of the best biomarkers of age-related cognitive decline are closely linked to synaptic function and plasticity. This review highlights several age-related synaptic alterations as they relate to Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis, through elevation of intracellular Ca(2+), and neuroinflammation, through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Though distinct in many ways, Ca(2+) and neuroinflammatory signaling mechanisms exhibit extensive cross-talk and bidirectional interactions. For instance, cytokine production in glial cells is strongly dependent on the Ca(2+) dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, which shows elevated activity in animal models of aging and disease. In turn, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, can augment the expression/activity of L-type voltage sensitive Ca(2+) channels in neurons, leading to Ca(2+) dysregulation, hyperactive calcineurin activity, and synaptic depression. Thus, in addition to discussing unique contributions of Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis and neuroinflammation, this review emphasizes how these processes interact to hasten age-related synaptic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Sama
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Ahn SH, Kim HJ, Jeong I, Hong YJ, Kim MJ, Rhie DJ, Jo YH, Hahn SJ, Yoon SH. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits glutamate-induced cell death through inhibition of calcium signals and nitric oxide formation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:78. [PMID: 21810275 PMCID: PMC3160962 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proanthocyanidin is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid with known antioxidant activity. Some flavonoids have a modulatory effect on [Ca2+]i. Although proanthocyanidin extract from blueberries reportedly affects Ca2+ buffering capacity, there are no reports on the effects of proanthocyanidin on glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i or cell death. In the present study, the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity was investigated through calcium signals and nitric oxide (NO) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Results Pretreatment with GSPE (0.3-10 μg/ml) for 5 min inhibited the [Ca2+]i increase normally induced by treatment with glutamate (100 μM) for 1 min, in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min significantly decreased the [Ca2+]i increase normally induced by two ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). GSPE further decreased AMPA-induced response in the presence of 1 μM nimodipine. However, GSPE did not affect the 50 mM K+-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. GSPE significantly decreased the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (RS)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, but it did not affect caffeine-induced response. GSPE (0.3-6 μg/ml) significantly inhibited synaptically induced [Ca2+]i spikes by 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o. In addition, pretreatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) for 5 min inhibited 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o- and glutamate-induced formation of NO. Treatment with GSPE (6 μg/ml) significantly inhibited 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o- and oxygen glucose deprivation-induced neuronal cell death. Conclusions All these data suggest that GSPE inhibits 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o- and oxygen glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity through inhibition of calcium signals and NO formation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hee Ahn
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Guo Y, Hong YJ, Jang HJ, Kim MJ, Rhie DJ, Jo YH, Hahn SJ, Yoon SH. Octyl Gallate Inhibits ATP-induced Intracellular Calcium Increase in PC12 Cells by Inhibiting Multiple Pathways. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 14:21-8. [PMID: 20221276 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds affect intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) signaling. The study examined whether the simple phenolic compound octyl gallate affects ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling in PC12 cells using fura-2-based digital Ca(2+) imaging and whole-cell patch clamping. Treatment with ATP (100 microM) for 90 s induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i) in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with octyl gallate (100 nM to 20 microM) for 10 min inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) response in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50)=2.84 microM). Treatment with octyl gallate (3 microM) for 10 min significantly inhibited the ATP-induced response following the removal of extracellular Ca(2+) with nominally Ca(2+)-free HEPES HBSS or depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores with thapsigargin (1 microM). Treatment for 10 min with the L-type Ca(2+) channel antagonist nimodipine (1 microM) significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase, and treatment with octyl gallate further inhibited the ATP-induced response. Treatment with octyl gallate significantly inhibited the [Ca(2+)](i) increase induced by 50 mM KCl. Pretreatment with protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporin (100 nM) and GF109203X (300 nM), or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (50 microM) did not significantly affect the inhibitory effects of octyl gallate on the ATP-induced response. Treatment with octyl gallate markedly inhibited the ATP-induced currents. Therefore, we conclude that octyl gallate inhibits ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase in PC12 cells by inhibiting both non-selective P2X receptor-mediated influx of Ca(2+) from extracellular space and P2Y receptor-induced release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in protein kinase-independent manner. In addition, octyl gallate inhibits the ATP-induced Ca(2+) responses by inhibiting the secondary activation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Guo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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