1
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Lloret A, Monllor P, Fuchsberger T, Giraldo E, Perluigi M, Vina J. Increased basal antioxidant levels in RCAN1 - deficient mice lowers oxidative injury after acute paraquat insult. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:442-454. [PMID: 32686528 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1798002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RCAN1 is an inhibitor of the phosphatase calcineurin, which is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, among other important cell processes. Here we have used RCAN1 deficient mice (RCAN1-/-) to elucidate its role after an acute oxidative insult such as paraquat injection. We have observed that RCAN1-/- mice show less oxidative damage than wildtype (WT) mice after treatment. Under basal conditions, RCAN1-/- animals express more calcineurin, heme oxygenase-1, Nrf2, and catalase compared to WT mice (controls). This may explain the less severe effect of paraquat treatment on RCAN1-/- mice compared to WT. We showed that oxidative stress is involved in the early stages of apoptosis, thus we determined the apoptotic effector BAD and found that decreases in RCAN1-/- mice after treatment with paraquat compared with WT in similar experimental conditions. Our results suggest that RCAN1 may be involved in the balance between oxidant and antioxidant species production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tanja Fuchsberger
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Giraldo
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.,The Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jose Vina
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Fu Q, Wu Y. RCAN1 in the inverse association between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:54-66. [PMID: 29416595 PMCID: PMC5787488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inverse association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer has been reported in several population-based studies although both of them are age-related disorders. However, molecular mechanisms of the inverse association remain elusive. Increased expression of regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) promotes the pathogenesis of AD, while it suppresses cancer growth and progression in many types of cancer. Moreover, aberrant RCAN1 expression is detected in both AD and various types of cancer. It suggests that RCAN1 may play a key role in the inverse association between AD and cancer. In this article, we aim to review the role of RCAN1 in the inverse association and discuss underlying mechanisms, providing an insight into developing a novel approach to treat AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining, Shandong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining, Shandong, China
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3
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Lim S, Hwang S, Yu JH, Lim JW, Kim H. Lycopene inhibits regulator of calcineurin 1-mediated apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and down-regulating Nucling in neuronal cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiyoung Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project; College of Human Ecology; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sinwoo Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project; College of Human Ecology; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center; Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation; Daegu Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project; College of Human Ecology; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project; College of Human Ecology; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Regulator of Calcineurin 1-1L Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis via Mitophagy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 64:310-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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RCAN1 regulates mitochondrial function and increases susceptibility to oxidative stress in mammalian cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:520316. [PMID: 25009690 PMCID: PMC4070399 DOI: 10.1155/2014/520316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary site of cellular energy generation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Elevated ROS levels are detrimental to normal cell function and have been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Down's syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). RCAN1 is abundantly expressed in the brain and overexpressed in brain of DS and AD patients. Data from nonmammalian species indicates that increased RCAN1 expression results in altered mitochondrial function and that RCAN1 may itself regulate neuronal ROS production. In this study, we have utilized mice overexpressing RCAN1 (RCAN1ox) and demonstrate an increased susceptibility of neurons from these mice to oxidative stress. Mitochondria from these mice are more numerous and smaller, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial membrane potential is altered under conditions of oxidative stress. We also generated a PC12 cell line overexpressing RCAN1 (PC12RCAN1). Similar to RCAN1ox neurons, PC12RCAN1 cells have an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and produce more mitochondrial ROS. This study demonstrates that increasing RCAN1 expression alters mitochondrial function and increases the susceptibility of neurons to oxidative stress in mammalian cells. These findings further contribute to our understanding of RCAN1 and its potential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and DS.
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Wu Y, Ly PTT, Song W. Aberrant expression of RCAN1 in Alzheimer's pathogenesis: a new molecular mechanism and a novel drug target. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:1085-97. [PMID: 24752590 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AD, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Patients with AD are characterized by three hallmarks of neuropathology including neuritic plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and neuronal loss. Growing evidences indicate that dysregulation of regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Aberrant RCAN1 expression facilitates neuronal apoptosis and Tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangle formation. This review aims to describe the recent advances of the regulation of RCAN1 expression and its physiological functions. Moreover, the AD risk factors-induced RCAN1 dysregulation and its role in promoting neuronal loss, synaptic impairments and neurofibrillary tangle formation are summarized. Furthermore, we provide an outlook into the effects of RCAN1 dysregulation on APP processing, Aβ generation and neuritic plaque formation, and the possible underlying mechanisms, as well as the potential of targeting RCAN1 as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Wu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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Kim SS, Jang SA, Seo SR. CREB-mediated Bcl-2 expression contributes to RCAN1 protection from hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal death. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1115-23. [PMID: 23150431 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is located on the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) locus in human chromosome 21. In this study, we investigated the functional role of RCAN1 in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated neuronal death signaling. We found that RCAN1 was able to protect the cells from H(2)O(2) -induced cytotoxicity. The expression of RCAN1 caused an inhibition of the H(2)O(2) -induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AP-1. In contrast, RCAN1 significantly enhanced the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, RCAN1 induced the expression of the CREB target gene, Bcl-2. Consistently, knockdown of endogenous RCAN1 using shRNA down regulated the phosphorylation of CREB and the expression of Bcl-2, which protects the cells from H(2)O(2) -induced cytotoxicity. Our data provide a new mechanism for the cytoprotective function of RCAN1 in response to oxidant-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Sook Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-dong, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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PEG-liposomal oxaliplatin induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via Fas/FasL and caspase-8. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:289-96. [PMID: 21888623 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since cellular uptake of PEG [poly(ethylene glycol)]-liposomal L-OHP (oxaliplatin) induces bioactive changes in CRC (colorectal cancer), we have investigated its apoptotic effect and anticancer mechanism. Human CRC SW480 cells were treated with PEG-liposomal L-OHP and a caspase-8 inhibitor [Z-IETD-FMK (benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-dl-Asp-fluoromethylketone)]. Apoptosis was measured by FCM (flow cytometry) and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) assay. Expression of Fas/FasL and cytochrome c was detected using FCM and an immunofluorescence assay. Expression of caspase-8, Bid, caspase-9, caspase-7 and activated caspase-3 (P17) was examined by Western blot analyses. The results indicated that PEG-liposomal L-OHP (28 μg/ml L-OHP) induced marked apoptosis in SW480 cells compared with 28 μg/ml free L-OHP. The expression levels of Fas, FasL, cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-7 and activated caspase-3 proteins were up-regulated, with a corresponding increase in apoptosis; however, expression of caspase-8 and Bid were down-regulated as apoptosis increased. When cells were treated with Z-IETD-FMK, apoptosis was inhibited, but there was little impact on the expression of Fas, FasL, cytochrome c, Bid, caspase-9, caspase-7 and activated caspase-3. These findings indicate that PEG-liposomal L-OHP enhances the anticancer potency of the chemotherapeutic agent; moreover, Fas/FasL and caspase-8 signalling pathways play a key role in mediating PEG-liposomal L-OHP-induced apoptosis.
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BU HEQI, LUO JIANG, CHEN HUI, ZHANG JIANHONG, LI HONGHAI, GUO HONGCHUN, WANG ZHAOHONG, LIN SHENGZHANG. Oridonin enhances antitumor activity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer through MAPK-p38 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:949-58. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Jang C, Lim JH, Park CW, Cho YJ. Regulator of Calcineurin 1 Isoform 4 (RCAN1.4) Is Overexpressed in the Glomeruli of Diabetic Mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:299-305. [PMID: 22128263 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.5.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is activated in diabetes and plays a role in glomerular hypertrophy and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Here, kidneys from diabetic model mice were investigated for the expression of the regulator of CaN 1 (RCAN1) isoform 4 (RCAN1.4) which had been shown to be transcriptionally upregulated by CaN activation. We found the increased immunoreactivity for RCAN1 in the glomerular cells of db/db mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. In concordance, the expression of RCAN1 protein and RCAN1.4 mRNA were elevated in the whole kidney sample from db/db mice. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and glycated albumin (AGE-BSA) were identified as inducers of RCAN1.4 in mesangial cells. Pretreatment of cyclosporine A blocked the increases of RCAN1.4 stimulated by IL-1β or AGE-BSA, suggesting that activation of CaN is required for the RCAN1.4 induction. Stable transfection of RCAN1.4 in Mes-13 mesangial cells upregulated several factors relevant to ECM production and degradation. These results suggested that RCAN1.4 might act as a link between CaN activation and ECM turnover in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorong Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Facchin F, Vitale L, Bianconi E, Piva F, Frabetti F, Strippoli P, Casadei R, Pelleri MC, Piovesan A, Canaider S. Complexity of bidirectional transcription and alternative splicing at human RCAN3 locus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24508. [PMID: 21961037 PMCID: PMC3178534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human RCAN3 (regulator of calcineurin 3) belongs to the human RCAN gene family. In this study we provide, with in silico and in vitro analyses, the first detailed description of the human multi-transcript RCAN3 locus. Its analysis revealed that it is composed of a multigene system that includes at least 21 RCAN3 alternative spliced isoforms (16 of them identified here for the first time) and a new RCAN3 antisense gene (RCAN3AS). In particular, we cloned RCAN3-1,3,4,5 (lacking exon 2), RCAN3-1a,2,3,4,5, RCAN3-1a,3,4,5, RCAN3-1b,2,3,4,5, RCAN3-1c,2,3,4,5, RCAN3-1c,2,4,5 and RCAN3-1c,3,4,5, isoforms that present a different 5′ untranslated region when compared to RCAN3. Moreover, in order to verify the possible 5′ incompleteness of previously identified cDNA isoforms with the reference exon 1, ten more alternative isoforms were retrieved. Bioinformatic searches allowed us to identify RCAN3AS, which overlaps in part with exon 1a, on the opposite strand, for which four different RCAN3AS isoforms were cloned. In order to analyze the different expression patterns of RCAN3 alternative first exons and of RCAN3AS mRNA isoforms, RT-PCR was performed in 17 human tissues. Finally, analyses of RCAN3 and RCAN3AS genomic sequences were performed to identify possible promoter regions, to examine donor and acceptor splice sequences and to compare evolutionary conservation, in particular of alternative exon 1 or 1c - exon 2 junctions in different species. The description of its number of transcripts, of their expression patterns and of their regulatory regions can be important to clarify the functions of RCAN3 gene in different pathways and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Facchin
- Center for Research in Molecular Genetics (Fondazione CARISBO), Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Kim CH, Yoo YM. Melatonin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via p53 in LNCaP Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 14:365-9. [PMID: 21311676 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.6.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether melatonin promotes apoptotic cell death via p53 in prostate LNCaP cells. Melatonin treatment significantly curtailed the growth of LNCaP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Melatonin treatment (0 to 3 mM) induced the fragmentation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Moreover, melatonin markedly activated Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in dose increments. To investigate p53 and p21 expression, LNCaP cells were treated with 0 to 3 mM melatonin. Melatonin increased the expressions of p53, p21, and p27. Treatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and SB202190 (p38 inhibitor), confirmed that the melatonin-induced apoptosis was p21-dependent, but ERK-independent. With the co-treatment of PD98059 and melatonin, the expression of p-p53, p21, and MDM2 did not decrease. These effects were opposite to the expression of p-p53, p21, and MDM2 observed with SP600125 and SB202190 treatments. Together, these results suggest that p53-dependent induction of JNK/p38 MAPK directly participates in apoptosis induced by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
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