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Cho S, Namgoong H, Kim HJ, Vorn R, Yoo HY, Kim SJ. Downregulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase and Protein Kinase G With Upregulated ROCK2 in the Pulmonary Artery Leads to Thromboxane A2 Sensitization in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:624967. [PMID: 33613315 PMCID: PMC7886809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) promotes various physiological responses including pulmonary artery (PA) contraction, and pathophysiological implications have been suggested in cardiovascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension. Here, we investigated the role of TXA2 receptor (TP)-mediated signaling in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The sensitivity of PA to the contractile agonist could be set by relaxing signals such as the nitric oxide (NO), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG) pathways. Changes in the TP agonist (U46619)-induced PA contraction and its modulation by NO/cGMP signaling were analyzed in a monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model (PAH-MCT). In the myograph study, PA from PAH-MCT showed higher responsiveness to U46619, that is decreased EC50. Immunoblot analysis revealed a lower expression of eNOS, sGC, and PKG, while there was a higher expression of RhoA-dependent kinase 2 (ROCK2) in the PA from PAH-MCT than in the control. In PAH-MCT, the higher sensitivity to U46619 was reversed by 8-Br-cGMP, a membrane-permeable cGMP analog, but not by the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP 30 μM). In contrast, in the control PA, inhibition of sGC by its inhibitor (1H- [1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), 10 μM) lowered the threshold of U46619-induced contraction. In the presence of ODQ, SNP treatment had no effect whereas the addition of 8-Br-cGMP lowered the sensitivity to U46619. The inhibition of ROCK by Y-27632 attenuated the sensitivity to U46619 in both control and PAH-MCT. The study suggests that the attenuation of NO/cGMP signaling and the upregulation of ROCK2 increase the sensitivity to TXA2 in the PAH animal, which might have pathophysiological implications in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhan Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Namgoong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rany Vorn
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim HJ, Kim Y, Park SJ, Bae B, Kang HR, Cho SH, Yoo HY, Nam JH, Kim WK, Kim SJ. Airway Smooth Muscle Sensitivity to Methacholine in Precision-Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) from Ovalbumin-induced Asthmatic Mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 19:65-71. [PMID: 25605999 PMCID: PMC4297764 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and reversible airway obstruction. Methacholine (MCh) is widely used in broncho-provocation test to evaluate airway resistance. For experimental investigation, ovalbumin-induced sensitization is frequently used in rodents (Ova-asthma). However, albeit the inflammatory histology and AHR in vivo, it remains unclear whether the MCh sensitivity of airway smooth muscle isolated from Ova-asthma is persistently changed. In this study, the contractions of airways in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from control, Ova-asthma, and IL-13 overexpressed transgenic mice (IL-13TG) were compared by analyzing the airway lumen space (AW). The airway resistance in vivo was measured using plethysmograph. AHR and increased inflammatory cells in BAL fluid were confirmed in Ova-asthma and IL-13TG mice. In the PCLS from all three groups, MCh concentration-dependent narrowing of airway lumen (ΔAW) was observed. In contrast to the AHR in vivo, the EC50 of MCh for ΔAW from Ova-asthma and IL-13TG were not different from control, indicating unchanged sensitivity to MCh. Although the AW recovery upon MCh-washout showed sluggish tendency in Ova-asthma, the change was also statistically insignificant. Membrane depolarization-induced ΔAW by 60 mM K+ (60K-contraction) was larger in IL-13TG than control, whereas 60K-contraction of Ova-asthma was unaffected. Furthermore, serotonin-induced ΔAW of Ova-asthma was smaller than control and IL-13TG. Taken together, the AHR in Ova-asthma and IL-13TG are not reflected in the contractility of isolated airways from PCLS. The AHR of the model animals seems to require intrinsic agonists or inflammatory microenvironment that is washable during tissue preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Yeryung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Su Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Boram Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Chung-Ang University Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul 100-031, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- hannelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 410-773, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- hannelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 410-773, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; hannelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 410-773, Korea
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Yoo HY, Park SJ, Kim HJ, Kim WK, Kim SJ. Integrative understanding of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction using in vitro models: from ventilated/perfused lung to single arterial myocyte. Integr Med Res 2014; 3:180-188. [PMID: 28664095 PMCID: PMC5481745 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractile response of a pulmonary artery (PA) to hypoxia (hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; HPV) is a unique physiological reaction. HPV is beneficial for the optimal distribution of blood flow to differentially ventilated alveolar regions in the lung, thereby preventing systemic hypoxemia. Numerous in vitro studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying HPV. These studies indicate that PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) sense lowers the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and contract under hypoxia. As for the PO2-sensing molecules, a variety of ion channels in PASMCs had been suggested. Nonetheless, the modulator(s) of the ion channels alone cannot mimic HPV in the experiments using PA segments and/or isolated organs. We compared the hypoxic responses of PASMCs, PAs, lung slices, and total lungs using a variety of methods (e.g., patch-clamp technique, isometric contraction measurement, video analysis of precision-cut lung slices, and PA pressure measurement in ventilated/perfused lungs). In this review, the relevant results are compared to provide a comprehensive understanding of HPV. Integration of the influences from surrounding tissues including blood cells as well as the hypoxic regulation of ion channels in PASMCs are indispensable for insights into HPV and other related clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Yoo
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Channelopathy Research Institute (CRC), College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Yoo HY, Kim SJ. Disappearance of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and o2-sensitive nonselective cationic current in arterial myocytes of rats under ambient hypoxia. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:463-8. [PMID: 24227949 PMCID: PMC3823961 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute hypoxia induces contraction of pulmonary artery (PA) to protect ventilation/perfusion mismatch in lungs. As for the cellular mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), hypoxic inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) in PA smooth muscle cell (PASMC) has been suggested. In addition, our recent study showed that thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and hypoxia-activated nonselective cation channel (INSC) is also essential for HPV. However, it is not well understood whether HPV is maintained in the animals exposed to ambient hypoxia for two days (2d-H). Specifically, the associated electrophysiological changes in PASMCs have not been studied. Here we investigate the effects of 2d-H on HPV in isolated ventilated/perfused lungs (V/P lungs) from rats. HPV was almost abolished without structural remodeling of PA in 2d-H rats, and the lost HPV was not recovered by Kv inhibitor, 4-aminopyridine. Patch clamp study showed that the hypoxic inhibition of Kv current in PASMC was similar between 2d-H and control. In contrast, hypoxia and TXA2-activated INSC was not observed in PASMCs of 2d-H. From above results, it is suggested that the decreased INSC might be the primary functional cause of HPV disappearance in the relatively early period (2 d) of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Physiology and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Firth AL, Won JY, Park WS. Regulation of ca(2+) signaling in pulmonary hypertension. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:1-8. [PMID: 23439762 PMCID: PMC3579099 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains imperative if we are to successfully improve the quality of life and life span of patients with the disease. A whole plethora of mechanisms are associated with the development and progression of PH. Such complexity makes it difficult to isolate one particular pathway to target clinically. Changes in intracellular free calcium concentration, the most common intracellular second messenger, can have significant impact in defining the pathogenic mechanisms leading to its development and persistence. Signaling pathways leading to the elevation of [Ca(2+)](cyt) contribute to pulmonary vasoconstriction, excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells and ultimately pulmonary vascular remodeling. This current review serves to summarize the some of the most recent advances in the regulation of calcium during pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Firth
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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