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Swainson NM, Pengoan T, Khonsap R, Meksangsee P, Hagn G, Gerner C, Aramrak A. In vitro inhibitory effects on free radicals, pigmentation, and skin cancer cell proliferation from Dendrobium hybrid extract: A new plant source of active compounds. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20197. [PMID: 37809523 PMCID: PMC10559953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchidaceae are diverse plants whose bioactive compounds have various biological activities. New hybrids of Dendrobium have been generated to gain characteristics shared with their ancestors. Dendrobium Pearl Vera (designated as DH) is derived from parents used for dermatological treatments and cosmetics. However, the phytoconstituents and biological properties of DH have not been reported. The current study investigated extracts from DH plants using four solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, or 2-propanol). The propanolic extract (DH-P) contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, along with a high scavenging performance for free radicals. In total, 25 tentative constituents in the DH-P matrix were identified, consisting of amino acids, nucleotides, and three types of secondary metabolites: furan, phenolics, and alkaloids. The DH-P inhibited human tyrosinase in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner of the phenolic content. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between DH-P with 10 μg/ml phenolic content and 0.75 mM kojic acid (a commercial whitening agent) on the inhibition of human tyrosinase. Incubation with DH-P containing at least 15 μg/ml phenolic content greatly inhibited the proliferation of human melanoma; however, the cell viability was not affected by the phenolic content at 5 μg/ml or less. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the phenolic content in DH-P on melanoma viability was 12.90 ± 1.04 μg/ml. Melanin production in vivo by human melanoma incubated with 5 μg/ml phenolic content in DH-P was reduced significantly, compared to 2.5 μg/ml phenolic content in DH-P, 100 μg/ml arbutin, and in control. The identified components, including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, acetophenone, cytidine, adenosine, proline, or valine, have been reported to be associated with depigmentation, antioxidant, and anticancer. This research revealed, for the first time, the tentative phytoconstituents of Dendrobium Pearl Vera and their biological activities, thus demonstrating the potential use of DH-P in dermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanyawan Pengoan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
| | - Rungpailin Khonsap
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
| | | | - Gerhard Hagn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Attawan Aramrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
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Joo IH, Choi JH, Kim DH, Chung MJ, Lim MH. Ligularia fischeri ethanol extract: An inhibitor of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:637-644. [PMID: 36030197 PMCID: PMC10087159 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligularia fischeri is a perennial herb isolated from plants of the Asteraceae family. Ligularia fischeri is distributed throughout Korea, Japan, eastern Siberia, and China. AIMS The aim of this study is to examine the intracellular inhibitory effect of Ligularia fischeri ethanol extract on melanin synthesis and expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2. In addition, we analyzed the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. METHODS To assess the inhibition of melanogenesis in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the expression of melanogenesis-related genes was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while western blotting was performed to determine protein expression levels. RESULTS We confirmed that the ethanol extract of Ligularia fischeri inhibited melanin synthesis in vitro by decreasing tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 expression. Furthermore, we revealed that tyrosinase expression was regulated by the suppression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. The ethanol extract of Ligularia fischeri inhibited melanogenesis by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and suppressing microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase expression. CONCLUSIONS Ligularia fischeri ethanol extract may be used as an effective skin whitening agent in functional cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hwan Joo
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Mi-Hye Lim
- Department of Beauty Healthcare, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Shin M, Truong VL, Lee M, Kim D, Kim MS, Cho H, Jung YH, Yang J, Jeong WS, Kim Y. Investigation of phenyllactic acid as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor produced by probiotics. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100413. [PMID: 36569188 PMCID: PMC9772785 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is responsible for skin pigmentation and the enzymatic browning of foods. Tyrosinases play a major role in melanin synthesis, and many attempts have been made to identify new natural tyrosinase inhibitors, but few have sought to do in microbes. Postbiotics are bioactive compounds produced by the metabolism of probiotics and have been reported to be safe and effective. In this study, we evaluated the tyrosinase inhibitory effects of culture supernatants of probiotics and discovered novel bacterial metabolites that can be used as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor based on metabolomics. Cultures of Bifidobacterium bifidum IDCC 4201 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IDCC 3501 showed effective anti-tyrosinase, reduced melanin synthesis, and altered protein expression associated with the melanogenesis pathway. Comparative metabolomics analyses conducted by GC-MS identified metabolites commonly produced by B. bifidum and L. plantarum. Of eight selected metabolites, phenyllactic acid exhibited significant tyrosinase-inhibitory activity. Our findings suggest that applications of probiotic culture supernatants containing high amounts of phenyllactic acid have potential use as anti-melanogenesis agents in food and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Long Truong
- Food and Bio-industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Lee
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17957, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Myun Soo Kim
- ICBIO, Cheonan-si, Chungchengnam-do, 31027, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- ICBIO, Cheonan-si, Chungchengnam-do, 31027, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- Food and Bio-industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Yang
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17957, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Woo Sik Jeong
- Food and Bio-industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Teeravirote K, Sutthanut K, Thonsri U, Mahalapbutr P, Seubwai W, Luang S, Tippayawat P, Kanthawong S, Pipattanaboon C, Duangjinda M, Chankitisakul V, Silsirivanit A. Anserine/Carnosine-Rich Extract from Thai Native Chicken Suppresses Melanogenesis via Activation of ERK Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:7440. [PMID: 36364267 PMCID: PMC9659164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin hyperpigmentation is an aesthetic problem that leads to psychosocial issues. Thus, skin whitening agents from agro- and poultry-industrial co-products are considered high economic value ingredients of interest for sustainable application. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the cosmeceutical potential of anserine/carnosine-rich chicken extract (ACCE) from the Thai native chicken Pradu Hang Dam Mor Kor 55 (PD) meat. The chemical composition was identified and quantified using the HPLC-UV method. Then, the antioxidation potential of the extract was compared to that of L-anserine and L-carnosine, using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay and shikonin-induced production of reactive oxygen species in CCD-986Sk cell models, and the anti-melanogenesis effect in the MNT-1 melanoma cell line model was investigated. Furthermore, related mechanisms were identified using colorimetric tyrosinase assay and the Western blot technique. The ACCE was composed of L-anserine and L-carnosine as two major constituents. In a dose-dependent manner, ACCE, L-anserine, and L-carnosine manifested significant antioxidation potential and significant reduction of melanin production. Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and inhibition of tyrosinase activity of ACCE were demonstrated as the mechanisms of the anti-melanogenesis effect. In conclusion, ACCE has been revealed as a potential cosmeceutical agent due to its antioxidation and anti-melanogenic activity in association with L-anserine and L-carnosine composition and biomolecular regulating ability. Therefore, further studies and development should be considered to support the utilization of anserine/carnosine-rich chicken extract in the cosmetic industry for economic value creation and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuntarat Teeravirote
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Unchalee Thonsri
- Faculty of Medicine, Bangkokthonburi University, Bangkok 10170, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Luang
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chonlatip Pipattanaboon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Monchai Duangjinda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Lee S, Park HO, Yoo W. Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Cell-Free Supernatant from Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040788. [PMID: 35456838 PMCID: PMC9027439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the use of cell-free supernatant of probiotics culture for nutritional and functional applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of the cell-free supernatant from Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 (CFS) on anti-melanogenesis and reducing oxidative stress in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells and HaCaT human keratinocytes. Treatment with CFS significantly inhibited the production of extracellular and intracellular melanin without cytotoxicity during melanogenesis induced by the α-MSH in B16-F10 cells. The CFS dramatically reduced tyrosinase activity and the melanogenesis-related gene expression. Further, it showed antioxidative effects in a dose-dependent manner in DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assays and significantly increased the mRNA levels of HO-1 and CAT in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the CFS increased HO-1 and anti-oxidative-related gene expression during H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. Together, this study suggests that the CFS reduces hyperpigmentation and inhibits oxidative stress, and thus can be used as a potential skincare product in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Lee
- AceBiome Inc., Seoul 06164, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-O.P.)
- R&D Center, AceBiome Inc., Daejeon 34013, Korea
| | - Han-Oh Park
- AceBiome Inc., Seoul 06164, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-O.P.)
- R&D Center, AceBiome Inc., Daejeon 34013, Korea
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon 34302, Korea
- Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 34302, Korea
| | - Wonbeak Yoo
- AceBiome Inc., Seoul 06164, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-O.P.)
- R&D Center, AceBiome Inc., Daejeon 34013, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-335-6020
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Lim D, Lee KJ, Kim Y, Kim M, Ju HM, Kim MJ, Choi DH, Choi J, Kim S, Kang D, Lee K, Hahn JH. A Basic Domain-Derived Tripeptide Inhibits MITF Activity by Reducing its Binding to the Promoter of Target Genes. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2459-2469. [PMID: 33823181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The keratinocytes in UV-irradiated skin produce and secrete α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone upregulates the expression of MITF in melanocytes through the cAMP‒protein kinase A‒CREB signaling pathway. Thereafter, MITF induces the expression of melanogenic genes, including the tyrosinase gene TYR and TYRP-1 and TYRP-2 genes, which leads to the synthesis and accumulation of melanin. In this study, we examined whether MITF basic region-derived tripeptides can bind to the DNA-binding domain of MITF and inhibit MITF-induced melanogenesis through the inhibition of MITF‒DNA binding. MITF-KGR, a representative MITF-derived tripeptide, suppressed the transcriptional activity of MITF by disrupting its binding to the promoter region of the target genes, which resulted in the inhibition of skin epidermis thickness and melanin synthesis in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that MITF-KGR exerts an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis by targeting MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoung Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Ju
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Choi
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suree Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungyul Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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The Anti-Melanogenesis Effect of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone through Downregulation of Melanosome Maturation and Transportation in B16F10 and Human Epidermal Melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062823. [PMID: 33802228 PMCID: PMC7999661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis pathway of melanin is a series of oxidative reactions that are catalyzed by melanin-related proteins, including tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). Reagents or materials with antioxidative or free radical-scavenging activities may be candidates for anti-melanogenesis. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) is a polyphenol isolated from fungi, such as Phellinus obliguus (Persoon) Pilat and P. linteus. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of DBL on antioxidation and melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs). The results indicated that DBL scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, and exhibited potent reducing power, indicating that it displays strong antioxidative activity. DBL also inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-related transcription factor (MITF) in both the cells. In addition, DBL inhibited hyperpigmentation in B16F10 and HEMs by regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. DBL not only shortened dendritic melanocytes but also inhibited premelanosome protein 17 (PMEL17) expression, slowing down the maturation of melanosome transportation. These results indicated that DBL promotes anti-melanogenesis by inhibiting the transportation of melanosomes. Therefore, DBL is a potent antioxidant and depigmenting agent that may be used in whitening cosmetics.
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Lajis AFB, Ariff AB. Discovery of new depigmenting compounds and their efficacy to treat hyperpigmentation: Evidence from in vitro study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:703-727. [PMID: 30866156 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human skin pigmentation is a result of constitutive and facultative pigmentation. Facultative pigmentation is frequently stimulated by UV radiation, pharmacologic drugs, and hormones whereby leads to the development of abnormal skin hyperpigmentation. To date, many state-of-art depigmenting compounds have been studied using in vitro model to treat hyperpigmentation problems for cosmetic dermatological applications; little attention has been made to compare the effectiveness of these depigmenting compounds and their mode of actions. In this present article, new and recent depigmenting compounds, their melanogenic pathway targets, and modes of action are reviewed. This article compares the effectiveness of these new depigmenting compounds to modulate several melanogenesis-regulatory enzymes and proteins such as tyrosinase (TYR), TYR-related protein-1 (TRP1), TYR-related protein-2 (TRP2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and N-terminal kinases (JNK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK). Other evidences from in vitro assays such as inhibition on melanosomal transfer, proteasomes, nitric oxide, and inflammation-induced melanogenesis are also highlighted. This article also reviews analytical techniques in different assays performed using in vitro model as well as their advantages and limitations. This article also provides an insight on recent finding and re-examination of some protocols as well as their effectiveness and reliability in the evaluation of depigmenting compounds. Evidence and support from related patents are also incorporated in this present article to give an overview on current patented technology, latest trends, and intellectual values of some depigmenting compounds and protocols, which are rarely highlighted in the literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firdaus B Lajis
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya B Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Aramwit P, Luplertlop N, Kanjanapruthipong T, Ampawong S. Effect of urea-extracted sericin on melanogenesis: potential applications in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Biol Res 2018; 51:54. [PMID: 30497518 PMCID: PMC6262948 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperpigmentation disorders such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are major concerns not only in light-skinned people but also in Asian populations with darker skin. The anti-tyrosinase and immunomodulatory effects of sericin have been known for decades. However, the therapeutic effects of sericin on hyperpigmentation disorders have not been well documented. Methods In this study, we used an in vitro model to study the anti-tyrosinase, tolerogenic, and anti-melanogenic effects of sericin on Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PEG)-stimulated melanocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and artificial skin (MelanoDerm™). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, conventional and immunolabeled electron microscopy, and histopathological studies were performed. Results The results revealed that urea-extracted sericin has strong anti-tyrosinase properties as shown by a reduction of tyrosinase activity in melanin pigments both 48 h and 10 days after allergic induction with PEG. Anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β were upregulated upon sericin treatment (10, 20, and 50 µg/mL), whereas production of allergic chemokines, CCL8 and CCL18, by DCs was diminished 48 h after allergic induction with PEG. Moreover, sericin lowered the expression of micropthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a marker of melanogenesis regulation, in melanocytes and keratinocytes, which contributed to the reduction of melanin size and the magnitude of melanin deposition. However, sericin had no effect on melanin transport between melanocytes and keratinocytes, as demonstrated by a high retention of cytoskeletal components. Conclusion In summary, sericin suppresses melanogenesis by inhibition of tyrosinase activity, reduction of inflammation and allergy, and modulation of MITF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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11
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Safety and Efficacy of Dextran-Rosmarinic Acid Conjugates as Innovative Polymeric Antioxidants in Skin Whitening: What Is the Evidence? COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Tseng TS, Tsai KC, Chen WC, Wang YT, Lee YC, Lu CK, Don MJ, Chang CY, Lee CH, Lin HH, Hsu HJ, Hsiao NW. Discovery of Potent Cysteine-Containing Dipeptide Inhibitors against Tyrosinase: A Comprehensive Investigation of 20 × 20 Dipeptides in Inhibiting Dopachrome Formation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6181-6188. [PMID: 26083974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is an essential copper-containing enzyme required for melanin synthesis. The overproduction and abnormal accumulation of melanin cause hyperpigmentation and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, tyrosinase is promising for use in medicine and cosmetics. Our previous study identified a natural product, A5, resembling the structure of the dipeptide WY and apparently inhibiting tyrosinase. Here, we comprehensively estimated the inhibitory capability of 20 × 20 dipeptides against mushroom tyrosinase. We found that cysteine-containing dipeptides, directly blocking the active site of tyrosinase, are highly potent in inhibition; in particular, N-terminal cysteine-containing dipeptides markedly outperform the C-terminal-containing ones. The cysteine-containing dipeptides, CE, CS, CY, and CW, show comparative bioactivities, and tyrosine-containing dipeptides are substrate-like inhibitors. The dipeptide PD attenuates 16.5% melanin content without any significant cytotoxicity. This study reveals the functional role of cysteine residue positional preference and the selectivity of specific amino acids in cysteine-containing dipeptides against tyrosinase, aiding in developing skin-whitening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Sheng Tseng
- †Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- §The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- #Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- ⊥Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- ΔThe Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- ⊗Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology in Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Chang
- ΠDepartment of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- ΠDepartment of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiung Lin
- †Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Hsu
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wan Hsiao
- †Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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13
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Song YS, Balcos MC, Yun HY, Baek KJ, Kwon NS, Kim MK, Kim DS. ERK Activation by Fucoidan Leads to Inhibition of Melanogenesis in Mel-Ab Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 19:29-34. [PMID: 25605994 PMCID: PMC4297759 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed in the class Phaeophyceae, has been widely studied for its possible health benefits. However, the potential of fucoidan as a possible treatment for hyperpigmentation is not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of fucoidan on melanogenesis and related signaling pathways using Mel-Ab cells. Fucoidan significantly decreased melanin content. While fucoidan treatment decreased tyrosinase activity, it did not do so directly. Western blot analysis indicated that fucoidan downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and reduced tyrosinase protein expression. Further investigation showed that fucoidan activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, suggesting a possible mechanism for the inhibition of melanin synthesis. Treatment with PD98059, a specific ERK inhibitor, resulted in the recovery of melanin production. Taken together, these findings suggest that fucoidan inhibits melanogenesis via ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seok Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea. ; Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Marie Carmel Balcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Nyoun Soo Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Myo-Kyoung Kim
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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14
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Choi WJ, Kim M, Park JY, Park TJ, Kang HY. Pleiotrophin inhibits melanogenesisviaErk1/2-MITF signaling in normal human melanocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:51-60. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jong Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Park
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
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15
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Ahn MJ, Hur SJ, Kim EH, Lee SH, Shin JS, Kim MK, Uchizono JA, Whang WK, Kim DS. Scopoletin from Cirsium setidens Increases Melanin Synthesis via CREB Phosphorylation in B16F10 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:307-11. [PMID: 25177162 PMCID: PMC4146632 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated scopoletin from Cirsium setidens Nakai (Compositae) and tested its effects on melanogenesis. Scopoletin was not toxic to cells at concentrations less than 50 µM and increased melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. As melanin synthesis increased, scopoletin stimulated the total tyrosinase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of melanogenesis. In a cell-free system, however, scopoletin did not increase tyrosinase activity, indicating that scopoletin is not a direct activator of tyrosinase. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that scopoletin stimulated the production of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, preclinical and clinical studies are needed to assess the use of scopoletin for the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ja Ahn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chung-Ang University College of Pharmacy, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Sun-Jung Hur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chung-Ang University College of Pharmacy, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Eun-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jun Seob Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Myo-Kyoung Kim
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, CA 95211, USA
| | - James A Uchizono
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, CA 95211, USA
| | - Wan-Kyunn Whang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Chung-Ang University College of Pharmacy, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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16
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Kinetics of mushroom tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibition by N-acetyl-pentapeptides. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:409783. [PMID: 25136665 PMCID: PMC4130364 DOI: 10.1155/2014/409783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the kinetics of 4N-acetyl-pentapeptides, Ac-P1, Ac-P2, Ac-P3, and Ac-P4, regarding inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity. The peptides sequences of Ac-P1, Ac-P2, Ac-P3, and Ac-P4 were Ac-RSRFK, Ac-KSRFR, Ac-KSSFR, and Ac-RSRFS, respectively. The 4N-acetyl-pentapeptides were able to reduce the oxidation of l-DOPA by tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. Of the 4N-acetyl-pentapeptides, only Ac-P4 exhibited lag time (80 s) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Ac-P4 (IC50 0.29 mg/mL) were more effective than those of Ac-P1, Ac-P2, and Ac-P3, in which IC50s were 0.75 mg/mL, 0.78 mg/mL, and 0.81 mg/mL, respectively. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that all 4N-acetyl-pentapeptides were mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitors. Furthermore, 0.1 mg/mL of Ac-P4 exhibited significant melanogenesis inhibition on B16F10 melanoma cells and was more effective than kojic acid. The melanogenesis inhibition of Ac-P4 was dose-dependent and did not induce any cytotoxicity on B16F10 melanoma cells.
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17
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Li H, Kim J, Hahn HG, Yun J, Jeong HS, Yun HY, Baek KJ, Kwon NS, Min YS, Park KC, Kim DS. KHG26792 Inhibits Melanin Synthesis in Mel-Ab Cells and a Skin Equivalent Model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:249-54. [PMID: 24976765 PMCID: PMC4071178 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of KHG26792 (3-(naphthalen-2-yl(propoxy) methyl)azetidine hydrochloride), a potential skin whitening agent, on melanin synthesis and identify the underlying mechanism of action. Our data showed that KHG26792 significantly reduced melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, KHG26792 downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis, although tyrosinase was not inhibited directly. KHG26792 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas an ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, rescued KHG26792-induced hypopigmentation. These results suggest that KHG26792 decreases melanin production via ERK activation. Moreover, the hypopigmentary effects of KHG26792 were confirmed in a pigmented skin equivalent model using Cervi cornus Colla (deer antler glue), in which the color of the pigmented artificial skin became lighter after treatment with KHG26792. In summary, our findings suggest that KHG26792 is a novel skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jandi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hoh-Gyu Hahn
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Jun Yun
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Nyoun Soo Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Young Sil Min
- Department of Herb Industry, Jungwon University, Goesan 367-805, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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18
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Geranylgeranylacetone inhibits melanin synthesis via ERK activation in Mel-Ab cells. Life Sci 2013; 93:226-32. [PMID: 23792203 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) has shown cytoprotective activity through induction of a 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70). Although HSP70 is reported to regulate melanogenesis, the effects of GGA on melanin synthesis in melanocytes have not been previously studied. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of GGA on melanogenesis and the related signaling pathways. MAIN METHODS Melanin content and tyrosinase activities were measured in Mel-Ab cells. GGA-induced signal transduction pathways were investigated by western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that GGA significantly decreased melanin content in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, GGA reduced tyrosinase activity dose-dependently, but it did not directly inhibit tyrosinase. Western blot analysis indicated that GGA downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase protein expression, whereas it increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Furthermore, a specific ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, blocked GGA-induced melanin reduction and then prevented downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase by GGA. However, a specific mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, only slightly restored inhibition of melanin production by GGA, indicating that mTOR signaling is not a key mechanism regulating the inhibition of melanin production. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that activation of ERK by GGA reduces melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab cells through downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase expression.
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