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Combined LXR and RXR Agonist Therapy Increases ABCA1 Protein Expression and Enhances ApoAI-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux in Cultured Endothelial Cells. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090640. [PMID: 34564456 PMCID: PMC8466889 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial ABCA1 expression protects against atherosclerosis and this atheroprotective effect is partially attributed to enhancing apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux. ABCA1 is a target gene for LXR and RXR; therefore, treating endothelial cells with LXR and/or RXR agonists may increase ABCA1 expression. We tested whether treating cultured immortalized mouse aortic endothelial cells (iMAEC) with the endogenous LXR agonist 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, synthetic LXR agonist GW3965, endogenous RXR agonist 9-cis-retinoic acid, or synthetic RXR agonist SR11237 increases ABCA1 protein expression. We observed a significant increase in ABCA1 protein expression in iMAEC treated with either GW3965 or SR11237 alone, but no significant increase in ABCA1 protein was observed in iMAEC treated with either 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol or 9-cis-retionic acid alone. However, we observed significant increases in both ABCA1 protein expression and apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux when iMAEC were treated with a combination of either 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and 9-cis-retinoic acid or GW3965 and SR11237. Furthermore, treating iMAEC with either 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and 9-cis-retinoic acid or GW3965 and SR11237 did not trigger an inflammatory response, based on VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CCL2, and IL-6 mRNA expression. Based on our findings, delivering LXR and RXR agonists precisely to endothelial cells may be a promising atheroprotective approach.
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Conchinha NV, Sokol L, Teuwen LA, Veys K, Dumas SJ, Meta E, García-Caballero M, Geldhof V, Chen R, Treps L, Borri M, de Zeeuw P, Falkenberg KD, Dubois C, Parys M, de Rooij LPMH, Rohlenova K, Goveia J, Schoonjans L, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Li X, Kalucka J, Carmeliet P. Protocols for endothelial cell isolation from mouse tissues: brain, choroid, lung, and muscle. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100508. [PMID: 34585146 PMCID: PMC8450255 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) harbor distinct phenotypical and functional characteristics depending on their tissue localization and contribute to brain, eye, lung, and muscle diseases such as dementia, macular degeneration, pulmonary hypertension, and sarcopenia. To study their function, isolation of pure ECs in high quantities is crucial. Here, we describe protocols for rapid and reproducible blood vessel EC purification established for scRNA sequencing from murine tissues using mechanical and enzymatic digestion followed by magnetic and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. For complete details on the use and execution of these protocol, please refer to Kalucka et al. (2020), Rohlenova et al. (2020), and Goveia et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine V Conchinha
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliana Sokol
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium and Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Koen Veys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elda Meta
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mila Borri
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim D Falkenberg
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dubois
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Parys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura P M H de Rooij
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, & Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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Nguyen T, Zheng M, Knapp M, Sladojevic N, Zhang Q, Ai L, Harrison D, Chen A, Sitikov A, Shen L, Gonzalez FJ, Zhao Q, Fang Y, Liao JJK, Wu R. Endothelial Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Mediates the Angiogenic Response to Peripheral Ischemia in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691801. [PMID: 34179020 PMCID: PMC8222825 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of angiogenesis, a process that is impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT, also known as HIF1β) has been implicated in the development and progression of diabetes. Angiogenesis is driven primarily by endothelial cells (ECs), but both global and EC-specific loss of ARNT-cause are associated with embryonic lethality. Thus, we conducted experiments in a line of mice carrying an inducible, EC-specific ARNT-knockout mutation (Arnt Δ EC, ERT2) to determine whether aberrations in ARNT expression might contribute to the vascular deficiencies associated with diabetes. Mice were first fed with a high-fat diet to induce diabetes. Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 mice were then adminstrated with oral tamoxifen to disrupt Arnt and peripheral angiogenesis was evaluated by using laser-Doppler perfusion imaging to monitor blood flow after hindlimb ischemia. The Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 mice had impaired blood flow recovery under both non-diabetic and diabetic conditions, but the degree of impairment was greater in diabetic animals. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ARNT activity reduced measurements of tube formation, and cell viability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under high-glucose conditions. The Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 mutation also reduced measures of cell viability, while increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) isolated from mouse skeletal muscle, and the viability of Arnt Δ EC, ERT2 MVECs under high-glucose concentrations increased when the cells were treated with an ROS inhibitor. Collectively, these observations suggest that declines in endothelial ARNT expression contribute to the suppressed angiogenic phenotype in diabetic mice, and that the cytoprotective effect of ARNT expression in ECs is at least partially mediated by declines in ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Nguyen
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mei Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maura Knapp
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nikola Sladojevic
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qin Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lizhuo Ai
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Devin Harrison
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anna Chen
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Albert Sitikov
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Le Shen
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Annandale, VA, United States
| | - Yun Fang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James J. K. Liao
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Biological Sciences Division – Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Internalization and Transportation of Endothelial Cell Surface K Ca2.3 and K Ca3.1 in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5820839. [PMID: 31871552 PMCID: PMC6906835 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5820839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered redox state modulates the expression levels of endothelial KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 (KCas) in normal pregnancy (NP) and preeclampsia (PE), thereby regulating vascular contractility. The mechanisms underlying KCas endocytosis and transportation remain unknown. We investigated the regulation of KCas expression in plasma membrane (PM) during NP and PE. Cultured human uterine artery endothelial cells were incubated in serum from normal nonpregnant women and women with NP or PE, or in oxidized LDL-, or lysophosphatidylcholine- (LPC-) containing a medium for 24 hours. NP serum elevated PM levels of KCas and reduced caveolin-1 and clathrin levels. PE serum, oxidized LDL, or LPC reduced PM levels of KCas and elevated caveolin-1, clathrin, Rab5c, and early endosome antigen-1 (EEA1) levels. Reduced KCas levels by PE serum or LPC were reversed by inhibition of caveolin-1, clathrin, or EEA1. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) knockdown elevated PM-localized KCas levels and reduced caveolin-1 and clathrin levels. Elevated KCa2.3 levels upon catalase and GPX1 knockdown were reversed by PEG-catalase treatment. An H2O2 donor reduced clathrin and Rab5c. In contrast, elevated clathrin, caveolin-1, or colocalization of caveolin-1 with KCa3.1 by PE serum or LPC was reversed by NADPH oxidase inhibitors or antioxidants. A superoxide donor xanthine+xanthine oxidase elevated caveolin-1 or Rab5c levels. We concluded that KCas are endocytosed in a caveola- or a clathrin-dependent manner and transported in a Rab5c- and EEA1-dependent manner during pregnancy. The endocytosis and transportation processes may slow down via H2O2-mediated pathways in NP and may be accelerated via superoxide-mediated pathways in PE.
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Wang J, Niu N, Xu S, Jin ZG. A simple protocol for isolating mouse lung endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1458. [PMID: 30728372 PMCID: PMC6365507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is the common molecular basis of multiple human diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and acute lung injury. Therefore, primary isolation of high-purity endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial to study the mechanisms of endothelial function and disease pathogenesis. Mouse lung ECs (MLECs) are widely used in vascular biology and lung cell biology studies such as pulmonary inflammation, angiogenesis, vessel permeability, leukocyte/EC interaction, nitric oxide production, and mechanotransduction. Thus, in this paper, we describe a simple, and reproducible protocol for the isolation and culture of MLECs from adult mice using collagenase I-based enzymatic digestion, followed by sequential sorting with PECAM1 (also known as CD31)- and ICAM2 (also known as CD102)-coated microbeads. The morphology of isolated MLECs were observed with phase contrast microscope. MLECs were authenticated by CD31 immunoblotting, and immunofluorescent staining of established EC markers VE-cadherin and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Cultured MLECs also showed functional characteristics of ECs, evidenced by DiI-oxLDL uptake assay and THP-1 monocyte adhesion assay. Finally, we used MLECs from endothelium-specific enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) knockout mice to show the general applicability of our protocol. To conclude, we describe here a simple and reproducible protocol to isolate highly pure and functional ECs from adult mouse lungs. Isolation of ECs from genetically engineered mice is important for downstream phenotypic, genetic, or proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
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Min YS, Yoon HJ, Je HD, Lee JH, Yoo SS, Shim HS, Lee HY, La HO, Sohn UD. Endothelium Independent Effect of Pelargonidin on Vasoconstriction in Rat Aorta. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:374-379. [PMID: 29390250 PMCID: PMC6029677 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of pelargonidin, an anthocyanidin found in many fruits and vegetables, on endothelium-independent vascular contractility to determine the underlying mechanism of relaxation. Isometric contractions of denuded aortic muscles from male rats were recorded, and the data were combined with those obtained in western blot analysis. Pelargonidin significantly inhibited fluoride-, thromboxane A2-, and phorbol ester-induced vascular contractions, regardless of the presence or absence of endothelium, suggesting a direct effect of the compound on vascular smooth muscles via a different pathway. Pelargonidin significantly inhibited the fluoride-dependent increase in the level of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation at Thr-855 and the phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-dependent increase in the level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation at Thr202/Tyr204, suggesting the inhibition of Rho-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activities and subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 and ERK1/2. These results suggest that the relaxation effect of pelargonidin on agonist-dependent vascular contractions includes inhibition of Rho-kinase and MEK activities, independent of the endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sil Min
- Department of Medical Plant Science, College of Scienceand Engineering, Jung Won University, Goesan 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Dong Je
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen-Oh La
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Levina A, Crans DC, Lay PA. Speciation of metal drugs, supplements and toxins in media and bodily fluids controls in vitro activities. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Abstract
The cerebral arterial circle (circulus arteriosus cerebri) or circle of Willis (CoW) is a circulatory anastomosis surrounding the optic chiasma and hypothalamus that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures. It has been implicated in several cerebrovascular disorders, including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-associated vasculopathies, intracranial atherosclerosis and intracranial aneurysms. Studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases for the identification of novel drug targets for their prevention require animal models. Some of these models may be transgenic, whereas others will involve isolation of the cerebro-vasculature, including the CoW.The method described here is suitable for CoW isolation in any mouse lineage and has considerable potential for screening (expression of genes, protein production, posttranslational protein modifications, secretome analysis, etc.) studies on the large vessels of the mouse cerebro-vasculature. It can also be used for ex vivo studies, by adapting the organ bath system developed for isolated mouse olfactory arteries.
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Choi S, Kim JA, Li H, Shin K, Oh GT, Lee Y, Oh S, Pewzner‐Jung Y, Futerman AH, Suh SH. KCa 3.1 upregulation preserves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation during aging and oxidative stress. Aging Cell 2016; 15:801-10. [PMID: 27363720 PMCID: PMC5013018 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial oxidative stress develops with aging and reactive oxygen species impair endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) by decreasing nitric oxide (NO) availability. Endothelial KCa 3.1, which contributes to EDR, is upregulated by H2 O2 . We investigated whether KCa 3.1 upregulation compensates for diminished EDR to NO during aging-related oxidative stress. Previous studies identified that the levels of ceramide synthase 5 (CerS5), sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate were increased in aged wild-type and CerS2 mice. In primary mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) from aged wild-type and CerS2 null mice, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was upregulated, and catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) were downregulated, when compared to MAECs from young and age-matched wild-type mice. Increased H2 O2 levels induced Fyn and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) phosphorylation and KCa 3.1 upregulation. Catalase/GPX1 double knockout (catalase(-/-) /GPX1(-/-) ) upregulated KCa 3.1 in MAECs. NO production was decreased in aged wild-type, CerS2 null, and catalase(-/-) /GPX1(-/-) MAECs. However, KCa 3.1 activation-induced, N(G) -nitro-l-arginine-, and indomethacin-resistant EDR was increased without a change in acetylcholine-induced EDR in aortic rings from aged wild-type, CerS2 null, and catalase(-/-) /GPX1(-/-) mice. CerS5 transfection or exogenous application of sphingosine or sphingosine 1-phosphate induced similar changes in levels of the antioxidant enzymes and upregulated KCa 3.1. Our findings suggest that, during aging-related oxidative stress, SOD upregulation and downregulation of catalase and GPX1, which occur upon altering the sphingolipid composition or acyl chain length, generate H2 O2 and thereby upregulate KCa 3.1 expression and function via a H2 O2 /Fyn-mediated pathway. Altogether, enhanced KCa 3.1 activity may compensate for decreased NO signaling during vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkyu Choi
- Department of Physiology Medical School Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Ji Aee Kim
- Department of Physiology Medical School Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hai‐yan Li
- Department of Physiology Medical School Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kyong‐Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy and MRC Chungbuk National University Chongju South Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yong‐Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and MRC Chungbuk National University Chongju South Korea
| | - Seikwan Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine Medical School Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yael Pewzner‐Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Suk Hyo Suh
- Department of Physiology Medical School Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
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