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de Castro Araújo-Neto F, Dosea AS, da Fonseca FL, Tavares TM, Pimentel DMM, Mesquita AR, Lyra-Jr. DPD. Formal leadership perceptions about the autonomy of Pharmacy: a SWOT analysis. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2024; 14:100443. [PMID: 38655194 PMCID: PMC11035047 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autonomy is considered a vital principle of professionalism. In recent years, despite important advances, the Pharmacy and pharmacists' autonomy has been questioned due to conflicts that jeopardize the consolidation of this profession in the division of work in health. OBJECTIVE to understand the construct of autonomy based on perceptions of formal leaders associated with professional organizations. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with key informants. The data obtained were submitted to content analysis. RESULTS Perceptions about the autonomy in pharmaceutical practice were categorized according to strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to this construct. CONCLUSION The findings allowed us to understand the autonomy of pharmaceutical practice in Brazil, generate hypotheses about the future of Pharmacy, and build strategies to maintain its occupational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Castro Araújo-Neto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aline Santana Dosea
- Health Sciences Graduate Program. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Francielly Lima da Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thaís Maria Tavares
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Rezende Mesquita
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Divaldo Pereira de Lyra-Jr.
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Fonseca FLD, Dosea AS, Araújo-Neto FDC, Gois Dos Santos L, Pimentel DMM, Lyra DPD. The academic formation challenges: what does retail expect from higher education institutions in pharmacy? BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:456. [PMID: 38664828 PMCID: PMC11046822 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The drug retail represents the main area of activity for pharmacists worldwide. In Brazil, this sector is responsible for employing around 80% of professionals. Before this reality, the academic training of pharmacists requires specialized skills and knowledge so they can fulfill their tasks. In this sector, considering the influence of managers and mentors on the model of pharmaceutical practice, their perceptions about the demands of the market can help discussions related to the training of pharmacists. AIM To analyze the academic training of pharmacists for the drug retail market from the perspective of managers and mentors. METHOD This is a qualitative study conducted with managers and mentors of the drug retail market. A semi-structured interview guide was prepared and applied to the intentionally selected participants. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 4,169,752. The interviews were conducted through videoconference by an experienced researcher. The data obtained were analyzed using Bardin's analysis technique, following the steps of categorical thematic content analysis using the ATLAS.ti software. RESULTS 19 interviews were carried out. Among the reports, the interviewees highlighted the importance of retail in the employability of pharmacists, as well as inconsistency in the academic training for this sector, originating the following categories: curriculum reform to include the market demands, follow-up and career plan, training for entrepreneurship and sales, practical application of knowledge, and encouragement of experience. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical academic training is linked to several challenges, whether organizational, structural, or budgetary. To overcome these challenges, it is necessary to unite the interested parties in the formulation and implementation of a strategy for the professionalization of pharmacists, considering their social role in patient care, aligned with the company's sustainability, so that both coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Lima da Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Aline Santana Dosea
- Health Sciences Graduate Program. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Castro Araújo-Neto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gois Dos Santos
- Undergraduate Pharmacy Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Divaldo Pereira de Lyra
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
- Health Sciences Graduate Program. Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Araújo-Neto FDC, Dosea AS, Fonseca FLD, Tavares TMA, Santos DDM, Pimentel DMM, Mesquita AR, Lyra Jr DPD. Perceptions of formal pharmacy leadership on the social role of the profession and its historical evolution: A qualitative study. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2024; 13:100405. [PMID: 38283100 PMCID: PMC10820284 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, pharmaceutical professionalism has been questioned due to the social role of pharmacy, which is ambiguous in the literature. This raises questions about the purpose of the profession among pharmacists, despite the efforts of their professional organizations and formal leaders to consolidate the occupational status of the profession. Objective To understand the social role of pharmacy in Brazil through its historical evolution based on the perceptions of formal leaders of the profession. Methods A qualitative study was conducted between July 2020 and February 2021 with pharmacists who held leadership positions in formal and professional pharmacy organizations in Brazil. The data obtained from the interviews were submitted to content analysis. Results A total of 17 pharmacists participated in this study. The data analyzed presented perceptions about the social role of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil, which promotes access to health through different means. These include the manager pharmacist, who facilitates access to public health policies; the caring pharmacist, who promotes health education and the rational use of medicines; and the technologist pharmacist, who researches, develops, and promotes access to safe and cost-effective medicines. The interviewees also discussed the evolution of this social role based on influential factors such as legislation, clinical movement, pharmaceutical education, labor market, behaviors, and attitudes of pharmacists. Conclusion In this study, pharmaceutical professionalism was conceptualized based on its social role, which should be centered on the patient. Understanding such issues is part of the evolutionary purpose of the profession in Brazil and should be encouraged in the behaviors and attitudes of pharmacists despite the challenges faced by the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Castro Araújo-Neto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aline Santana Dosea
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Francielly Lima da Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thaís Maria Araújo Tavares
- Undergraduate Pharmacy, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Menezes Santos
- Undergraduate Pharmacy, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Rezende Mesquita
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Divaldo Pereira de Lyra Jr
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Social Pharmacy (LEPFS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Monticelli JM, Wegner D. Institutional change and stability in strategic networks in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-12-2020-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the institutional change and institutional stability undergone by strategic networks (SNs) in the pharmaceutical industry.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors performed a case study with four Brazilian SNs which followed different patterns of institutional change and institutional stability. Twenty network managers and network members from the pharmaceutical industry were interviewed, and documents were analyzed.
Findings
The results show how and why institutions changed or remained the same. More specifically, exogenous shocks can negatively impact the competitive environment influencing institutional change in SNs. Moreover, endogenous shocks may prevent institutional change and stimulate institutional stability. Continuous interaction between institutions and SNs is the key to institutional change, especially if public and private policies are considered a source of political institutions.
Originality/value
Research has highlighted the endogenous influence of SNs on firms in selecting their partners and arranging their positions in the SNs, but little attention has been paid to how SNs themselves respond to institutions or promote institutional change. This study explains how and why change fails at the network level, additionally pinpointing the main sources of the institutional change and inertia in SNs. As such, network members may use different strategies to stimulate institutional change or stability according to their interests.
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Alvim CP, Figueiredo RC, Sousa CT, Silva RADS, Ferreira SM, Guidoni CM, Obreli-Neto PR, Baldoni AO. Irrational use of alendronate sodium by the elderly. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2020. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc15(42)2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effectiveness and safety of alendronate sodium are dependent on patient adherence to very specific guidelines regarding use. This study aims to estimate the rational use of alendronate sodium in the elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a structured questionnaire containing form of use and occurrence of adverse events related to alendronate sodium. The patients were recruited in their own homes. Rational use was considered as being the participants who: a) took the tablet in the morning; b) were fasting; c) waited at least 30 minutes before eating; d) ingested with a full glass of water; e) ingested the whole tablet; f) and remained in the orthostatic position for at least 30 minutes after use. Additionally, the odds ratio (OR) was used to analyze the association between the irrational use of alendronate sodium and the independent variables. Results and Discussion: Of the 248 participants in the study, most of the participants administered the medication in the morning (95.2%), with fasting (89.1%), waited at least 30 minutes to eat the first meal of the day (87.9%), and were in the orthostatic position until the time of the first meal (78.6%), but less than half ingested the tablet with a full glass of water (43.6%). Rational use of the medication was observed in only 30.7% of the participants. Regarding possible adverse events, 13.3% of the participants reported some event. Among the most prevalent were dry cough (6.5%), stomach pain (5.2%) and some throat discomfort (4.8%). The irrational use of this medication is associated with age and education level. Conclusion: The prevalence of irrational use of alendronate sodium in the elderly is high, and this use is associated with patients’ sociodemographic factors.
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Development and validation of an instrument to measure the professional's knowledge of dispensing medication (CDM-51) in community pharmacies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229855. [PMID: 32126121 PMCID: PMC7053717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication dispensing performed without the necessary information on proper use can result in harmful effects to the individual, and therefore providing this service with quality for the users is necessary to promote the rational use of medication; however, in a developing country this activity is performed largely by unqualified people and in an inappropriate way. This study aims to develop and validate a study instrument that measures the knowledge of medication dispensing for the professionals involved in this practice (pharmacist, pharmacy technician in the pharmacy, and clerk/assistant). The study has methodological design and is characterized by the development and validation of an instrument to measure the knowledge of dispensation. A questionnaire denominated CDM-51 was elaborated and divided in two parts: the first collects the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, and the second has 51 questions to assess the knowledge construct regarding dispensation. The validity of content was realized through the evaluation by seven experts regarding the relevance and clarity of the items. A pretest and main validation study with 30 and 79 pharmacy professionals respectively, from the city of Ribeirão Preto in the Brazilian state of São Paulo were carried out, and questions presented to the respondents were corrected. The analysis of the internal consistency of the KR-20 (Kuder-Richardson) was 0.837, and validity construct evidence was found (p value: 0.001) that participants with formal education have greater knowledge of medication dispensing. This work contributes to increasing the quality of services provided by dispensing pharmacies and points out the importance of training for formal education to perform this service, thus promoting the rational use of medication.
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Haack SL, Mazar I, Carter EM, Addo-Atuah J, Ryan M, Salazar Preciado LL, González Lucano LR, Barrera Ralda AL. Cultural Sensitivity and Global Pharmacy Engagement in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:7218. [PMID: 31223163 PMCID: PMC6581336 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To establish and maintain successful global pharmaceutical and health care partnerships, pharmacists, pharmacy educators, and students should first learn more about the political, cultural, economic and health care dynamics that affect all of the parties involved in these arrangements. This paper explores Latin America within the context of transnational pharmacy and health-based engagement, including pharmacy-related concepts, health care and cultural considerations, behavioral health perspectives, and common misconceptions. Expert knowledge and experience were used to support and corroborate the existing literature about cultural dynamics of health. Recommendations are provided for how schools and colleges of pharmacy can enhance engagement in culturally sensitive partnerships within Latin America. Health-based profiles of Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico are presented to serve as models for establishing, enhancing, and maintaining partnerships across Latin America.
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Toolkit for Population Health Initiatives Around the Globe Related to Collaborative Comprehensive Medication Management for Children and Youth. CHILDREN-BASEL 2019; 6:children6040057. [PMID: 30965681 PMCID: PMC6518279 DOI: 10.3390/children6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Almost 30 million babies worldwide are born prematurely or become ill annually and need specialized care to survive. Formalized collaborative practice agreements (CPA) between clinical pharmacists and physicians have been put forward as a means for improving the overall medicating experience in many patient populations, including children. This report briefly describes opportunities for collaboration using examples from countries on each continent where CPA is established in professional governance documents and standards. It also provides resources in the form of a toolkit for countries and pharmacist–physician collaborators to authorize and form CPAs to provide comprehensive medication management (CMM) for children and youth with special health care needs (CSHCN).
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Ploylearmsang C, Kanjanasilp J, Kessomboon N, Suttajit S, Suwannaprom P, Sripa S, Sittichotiwong R, Srimarueang T, Sonsri S, Kittiboonyakun P. Hospital Pharmacy Practice and the Way Forward for Pharmacy Education in Thailand. Can J Hosp Pharm 2019; 72:34-41. [PMID: 30828092 PMCID: PMC6391247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanuttha Ploylearmsang
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Juntip Kanjanasilp
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Nusaraporn Kessomboon
- , PhD, is an Associate Professor with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Siritree Suttajit
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Puckwipa Suwannaprom
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saksit Sripa
- , PhD, is an Instructor with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubonratchatani University, Ubonratchatani, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Sittichotiwong
- , PhD, is a Hospital Pharmacist with the Pharmaceutical Care group, Surin General Hospital, Surin, Thailand
| | - Thitima Srimarueang
- , MSc(Clinical Pharmacy), is a Hospital Pharmacist with the Pharmaceutical Care group, Surin General Hospital, Surin, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Sonsri
- , MSc(Clinical Pharmacy), is a Hospital Pharmacist with the Pharmaceutical Care group, Surin General Hospital, Surin, Thailand
| | - Pattarin Kittiboonyakun
- , PhD, is an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
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