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Bunthupanich R, Karnpean R, Pinyachat A, Jiambunsri N, Prakobkaew N, Pakdee N, Fucharoen S, Fucharoen S. Micromapping of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Among Laos, Khmer, Suay and Yer Ethnic Groups Residing in Lower Northeastern Thailand. Hemoglobin 2020; 44:162-167. [PMID: 32586159 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2020.1780252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Northeastern (NE) Thailand is one of the areas with a prevalence of thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies. Data on the prevalence of the diseases in minorities in the region has been limited. This study aimed to survey the thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies that take into account ethnicity. Four ethnic groups, including Laos (n = 162), Khmer (n = 145), Suay (n = 134), and Yer (n = 101) inhabiting the lower region of NE Thailand, were selected to represent the study populations. The results demonstrated that an extremely high prevalence of Hb E (HBB: c.79G>A) (>50.0%) was observed in the Khmer, Suay and Yer ethnic groups. The highest prevalence of α+-thalassemia (α+-thal) [-α3.7 (rightward)] deletion was found in the Khmer ethnic group (48.28%). The -α4.2 (leftward) deletion (α+-thal) was restricted to the Yer ethnic group. Yer and Suay had a high incidence of Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS; HBA2: c.427T>C) as well as Hb Paksé (HBA2: c.429A>T). As the prevalence of α0-thalassemia (α0-thal) is relatively high in Suay (7.46%), couples who are members of Suay ethnic population should be urged to undergo hematological screening before planning a pregnancy to control the Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis. Micromapping of thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies herein described will be helpful in genetic counseling and public education campaigns, which should be carried out in appropriate languages, with exhibitions at the village levels. This information will be of benefit for the long-term effort to reduce the burden of severe thalassemia disease in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roongnalin Bunthupanich
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Rossarin Karnpean
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Pinyachat
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Nawinda Jiambunsri
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | | | - Naruwat Pakdee
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Supan Fucharoen
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassaemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Srithawong S, Muisuk K, Srikummool M, Mahasirikul N, Triyarach S, Sriprasert K, Kutanan W. Genetic structure of the ethnic Lao groups from mainland Southeast Asia revealed by forensic microsatellites. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 84:357-369. [PMID: 32115685 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laotians and Lao Isan are widely spread Lao groups who live in Laos and northeastern Thailand, respectively. We explored the genetic structure between them and other ethnic groups from Thailand to clarify historical patterns of admixture between Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers, and to expand the forensic reference database for the region. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We combined new genetic data for 554 individuals from 12 populations, typed for 15 autosomal short tandem repeats, with available data from 14 populations from Thailand, for a total of 1,153 raw genotypes belonging to 26 populations. We calculated forensic parameters and performed various analyses on genetic diversity, genetic structure, genetic admixture, and genetic relationships among the studied populations. RESULTS Forensic estimators suggest a good power of discrimination with the combined power of exclusion ranging from 0.993628 to 0.999991 and a combined power of discrimination value greater than 0.99999999. Generally, the two Laotian groups were genetically similar, but the central Laotians from Vientiane have a closer genetic relationship to the Lao Isan than the northern Laotians from Luang Prabang. The Lao genetic ancestry forms the majority of the Lao Isan genetic makeup, while Austroasiatic ancestry is present at ∼10%-50%. CONCLUSIONS Lao Isan populations show signs of Lao ancestry and admixture with local Austroasiatic ancestry, which reflect historical migrations from Laos to Thailand. Lao speakers are genetically more homogeneous than Austroasiatic speakers, suggesting differential historical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparat Srithawong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanha Muisuk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Saksuriya Triyarach
- Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kamnikone Sriprasert
- Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Wibhu Kutanan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Srithawong S, Srikummool M, Pittayaporn P, Ghirotto S, Chantawannakul P, Sun J, Eisenberg A, Chakraborty R, Kutanan W. Genetic and linguistic correlation of the Kra-Dai-speaking groups in Thailand. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:371-80. [PMID: 25833471 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Kra-Dai linguistic family includes Thai and Lao as well as a great number of languages spoken by ethnic minorities in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, a dozen of other Kra-Dai languages are spoken in addition to Thai, the national language. The genetic structure of the Kra-Dai-speaking populations in Thailand has been studied extensively using uniparentally inherited markers. To extend this line of genetic investigation, this study used 15 autosomal microsatellites of 500 individuals from 11 populations, belonging to nine Kra-Dai ethnicities, namely, the Kaleung, Phu Thai, Saek, Nyo, Lao Isan, Yuan, Black Tai, Phuan and Lue. These ethnolinguistic groups are dispersed in three different geographic regions of Thailand, that is, Northern, Northeastern and Central. The results show a very low average of pairwised F(st) (0.0099), as well as no population substructure based on STRUCTURE analysis, indicating genetic homogeneity within the Kra-Dai-speaking group, possibly owing to shared linguistic ancestry. The Mantel test, an analysis of molecular variance, and the approximate Bayesian computation procedure employed to evaluate potential factors for driving genetic diversity revealed that language is the predominant factor affecting genetic variations, whereas geography is not. The result of distance-based clustering analyses and spatial analysis of molecular variance revealed genetic distinctions of some populations, reflecting the effects of genetic drift and gene flow on allele frequency within populations, in concordance with the result of R-matrix regression. The genetic and linguistic affiliations of the contemporary Kra-Dai-speaking groups are consistent with each other despite certain deviation due to various evolutionary factors that may have occurred during their migrations and resettlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparat Srithawong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand [2] Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Silvia Ghirotto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Jie Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Arthur Eisenberg
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ranajit Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Wibhu Kutanan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Kutanan W, Ghirotto S, Bertorelle G, Srithawong S, Srithongdaeng K, Pontham N, Kangwanpong D. Geography has more influence than language on maternal genetic structure of various northeastern Thai ethnicities. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:512-20. [PMID: 25078355 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several literatures have shown the influence of geographic and linguistic factors in shaping genetic variation patterns, but their relative impact, if any, in the very heterogeneous northeastern region of Thailand has not yet been studied. This area, called Isan, is geographically structured in two wide basins, the Sakon Nakorn Basin and the Korat Basin, serving today as home to diverse ethnicities encompassing two different linguistic families, that is, the Austro-Asiatic; Suay (Kui), Mon, Chaobon (Nyahkur), So and Khmer, and the Tai-Kadai; Saek, Nyaw, Phu Tai, Kaleung and Lao Isan. In this study, we evaluated the relative role of geographic distance and barriers as well as linguistic differences as possible causes affecting the maternal genetic distances among northeastern Thai ethnicities. A 596-bp segment of the hypervariable region I mitochondrial DNA was utilized to elucidate the genetic structure and biological affinity from 433 individuals. Different statistical analyses agreed in suggesting that most ethnic groups in the Sakon Nakorn Basin are closely related. Mantel test revealed that genetic distances were highly associated to geographic (r = 0.445, P<0.01) but not to linguistic (r = 0.001, P>0.01) distances. Three evolutionary models were compared by Approximate Bayesian Computation. The posterior probability of the scenario, which assumed an initial population divergence possibly related to reduced gene flow among basins, was equal or higher than 0.87. All analyses exhibited concordant results supporting that geography was the most relevant factor in determining the maternal genetic structure of northeastern Thai populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibhu Kutanan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Silvia Ghirotto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bertorelle
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Suparat Srithawong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Nattapon Pontham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Daoroong Kangwanpong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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