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Haq SM, Khoja AA, Waheed M, Pieroni A, Siddiqui MH, Bussmann RW. Plant cultural indicators of forest resources from the Himalayan high mountains: implications for improving agricultural resilience, subsistence, and forest restoration. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2024; 20:44. [PMID: 38659048 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM Biocultural legacy practices are intricately tied to forestry resources, ethnic identity, and social cohesiveness. This study aims to determine the plant cultural values of forest resources and identify plant cultural indicators in each ethnic group, which can aid in long-term natural resource management plans in the current debate on socio-environmental and ecological transitions. METHODS Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations were employed to collect data for a comprehensive and systematic ethnobotanical survey from February 2018 to October 2022. RESULTS A total of 330 informants reported 154 plant species from 65 families. Asteraceae was the most prominent botanical family, with herbaceous plant groups outnumbering trees and shrubs. The Gujjar and Pahari groups exhibited the highest level of overlap, followed by significant overlaps between the Gujjar and Kashmiri communities. The close affinity observed between the Gujjar and Pahari groups suggests the horizontal pattern of local plant knowledge between these communities, influenced by their sociocultural interactions and intermarriages. Notably, the Pahari community displayed a rich understanding of medicinal plants and shared unique uses for the reported taxa. This study affirms that both ecological factors and sociocultural influences have played significant roles in shaping local plant knowledge. A total of 31 plant species have been identified as plant cultural markers among all four ethnic groups. We observed a positive correlation between plant cultural values and plant use with the Gujjar and Kashmiri ethnic groups. Artemisia absinthium reported the highest use value of (0.57) with use reports of (189). Adonis aestivalis, Cynoglossum nervosum, Geum elatum, Geranium himalayense, Juncus inflexus, Oxalis acetosella, Polygonatum biflorum, and Salvia hians from the Himalayan region are among the plant taxa whose ethnomedicinal applications are described here for the first time. CONCLUSION Our data show that local and indigenous forest knowledge and practices could significantly contribute to forest conservation and ecological transition. This may happen if stakeholders generate clear frameworks and biocultural conservation strategies aimed at both dynamically preserve natural habitats and ways of traditional management of local natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | - Muhammad Waheed
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Piazza V. Emanuele II 9, Pollenzo, 12042, Bra, Italy
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Life Sciences, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Wang X, Liu J, Wang S, Xie Y, Liu Y, Fan J, Li Y, Lu Y, Huang L, Wang Z. Online LC-ESI-MS/MS comparative analysis of N/O-glycopatterns in human colostrum from different ethnic groups in Northwest China. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121675. [PMID: 38171687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides, including free oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, exert a key role in neonatal health and development. Changes in free oligosaccharides of milk from different ethnic groups have been documented. In this study, human milk was collected from Han, Hui, and Tibetan populations in northwest China, and differences in N/O-glycome among these three ethnic groups were systematically compared using online high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among the 63 detected N-glycans, 35 showed significant differences between the three ethnic groups (p < 0.05). Among the 70 detected O-glycans, four neutral O-glycans and six acidic O-glycans exhibited significant differences among the three ethnic groups (p < 0.05), with six acidic O-glycans reported for the first time. Overall, the extent of milk N/O-glycosylation was higher in the Han population than in the Hui or Tibetan groups. This trend was particularly pronounced for the main sialylated N/O-glycans. Except for sulfated O-glycans, which were higher in the milk from Tibetan mothers, the other types of N/O-glycans were present in similar proportions across all ethnic groups. Understanding the composition of N/O-glycans in human milk can help research on the structure-function relationship of glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shukai Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yipei Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Potiki J, Tawaroa D, Casey H, Thom K, O'Brien A, Lenagh-Glue J, Glue P. Cultural Influences on the Creation and Use of Psychiatric Advance Directives. Psychiatr Serv 2023; 74:1299-1302. [PMID: 37312506 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Little published research exists on how culture influences mental health service users when they create or use psychiatric advance directives (PADs). This column reports the results of a study (N=38 participants) of cultural factors that might encourage New Zealand Māori who engage in mental health services to make greater use of PADs in their care. The most important factor identified was the inclusion of family and friends in decision making during PAD creation and use. Discussions revealed multiple culturally important themes that were synthesized into a conceptual model, pou herenga (mooring place), which focuses on the importance of reassessing all aspects of one's life journey when creating a PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie Potiki
- Southern District Health Board (Potiki, Casey) and Te Āti Haunui-ā-Pāpārangi, Ngā Paerangi, Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Paruaharanui (Tawaroa), Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Non-Adversarial Justice, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Thom); Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand (O'Brien); Faculty of Law (Lenagh-Glue) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Glue), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Tawaroa
- Southern District Health Board (Potiki, Casey) and Te Āti Haunui-ā-Pāpārangi, Ngā Paerangi, Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Paruaharanui (Tawaroa), Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Non-Adversarial Justice, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Thom); Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand (O'Brien); Faculty of Law (Lenagh-Glue) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Glue), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Heather Casey
- Southern District Health Board (Potiki, Casey) and Te Āti Haunui-ā-Pāpārangi, Ngā Paerangi, Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Paruaharanui (Tawaroa), Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Non-Adversarial Justice, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Thom); Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand (O'Brien); Faculty of Law (Lenagh-Glue) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Glue), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katey Thom
- Southern District Health Board (Potiki, Casey) and Te Āti Haunui-ā-Pāpārangi, Ngā Paerangi, Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Paruaharanui (Tawaroa), Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Non-Adversarial Justice, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Thom); Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand (O'Brien); Faculty of Law (Lenagh-Glue) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Glue), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anthony O'Brien
- Southern District Health Board (Potiki, Casey) and Te Āti Haunui-ā-Pāpārangi, Ngā Paerangi, Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Paruaharanui (Tawaroa), Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Non-Adversarial Justice, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Thom); Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand (O'Brien); Faculty of Law (Lenagh-Glue) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Glue), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jessie Lenagh-Glue
- Southern District Health Board (Potiki, Casey) and Te Āti Haunui-ā-Pāpārangi, Ngā Paerangi, Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Paruaharanui (Tawaroa), Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Non-Adversarial Justice, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Thom); Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand (O'Brien); Faculty of Law (Lenagh-Glue) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Glue), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paul Glue
- Southern District Health Board (Potiki, Casey) and Te Āti Haunui-ā-Pāpārangi, Ngā Paerangi, Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Paruaharanui (Tawaroa), Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Non-Adversarial Justice, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Thom); Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand (O'Brien); Faculty of Law (Lenagh-Glue) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Glue), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Benites-Meza JK, Pinedo-Castillo L, Cabanillas-Lazo M, Herrera-Añazco P, Mougenot B, Benites-Zapata VA. Ethnic disparities in out-of-pocket expense on medicines in Peru: Evidence from a nationwide survey. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2023; 6:100442. [PMID: 38028258 PMCID: PMC10651671 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite improvements in health insurance coverage, out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending remains a public health issue in Peru, and OOP payment has implications for disease treatment in ethnic minorities. We aimed to analyze the ethnic disparities in the OOP payment and estimate the gaps related to observable risk factors in the OOP payment on medicines by ethnic conditions during 2014-2016 in Peru. Study design cross-sectional study. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis using the National Health User Satisfaction Survey. The outcome was the participants' OOP payment in self-reported medications. Ethnic minorities were considered participants who habitually spoke a language other than Spanish at home. Crude and adjusted linear regression models were performed, and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method was used to assess the OPP payment differential by ethnic minority condition, explained by their individual and sociodemographic characteristics. Results We analyzed 11,346 surveyed, the mean age was 40.78 years, and 57.67 % were women. There was lower OOP payment in medications among ethnic minorities in the adjusted analysis (Beta coefficient [β]: -0.11; 95 % confidence interval [95%CI]: -0.21 to -0.01; p = 0.043). In the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis, a gap of 0.19 USD in the OOP payment in medicines among ethnic minorities was found (p < 0.001), and the explained component by the variables measured in this research only represents 40.5 % of the gap (p = 0.001). Conclusion There was less OOP expenditure on medicines in ethnic minorities. However, the measured variables explain only 40.5 % of these gaps. Therefore, we recommend future research that measures other variables that explain aspects of OOP spending on medicines not identified in this research. Likewise, our findings can be used to establish policies with an intercultural approach that adapt health documents to native languages or are disseminated by trained people from their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry K. Benites-Meza
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
- Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Liseth Pinedo-Castillo
- Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
- Asociación Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Miguel Cabanillas-Lazo
- Sociedad Científica de San Fernando, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Benoit Mougenot
- Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
- Red Internacional en Salud Colectiva y Salud Intercultural, Mexico City, Mexico
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Tarabeih M, Perelmutter O, Kitay-Cohen Y, Amiel A, Na'amnih W. Associations of the COVID-19 burden and various comorbidities of different ethnic groups in Israel: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4891-4899. [PMID: 37658247 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly transmissible between human beings. We examined differences in the core families with COVID-19 severity and mortality and comorbidities between Arab and Jews and explored the factors associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality to find a genetic component. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2240 COVID-19 patients (> 18 years of age) randomly selected by online panels and questionnaires in the native language (Hebrew or Arabic) during March 2021-June 2022. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess correlations with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. Overall, 1549 (69%) were Arabs and 691 (31%) were Jews. The proportion of participants who died from COVID-19 was higher among Arabs compared with Jews (66% vs. 59%), P < 0.001. The mean number of deaths from COVID-19 and patients with severe COVID-19 was higher in ultra-Orthodox Jewish, non-academic core families and those who lived in the city residence compared with secular, academic core families and who live in the village residence, P < 0.001. A multivariable linear regression model showed a significant association between metabolic, kidney, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases with COVID-19 severity (B coefficient - 0.43, B coefficient - 0.53, B coefficient - 0.53, B coefficient - 0.42, respectively) and COVID-19 mortality (B coefficient - 0.51, B coefficient - 0.64, B coefficient - 0.67, B coefficient - 0.34, respectively), P < 0.001. COVID-19 severity and mortality were highly associated with comorbidities, ethnicity, social and environmental factors. Furthermore, we believe that genetic factors also contribute to the increase in COVID-19 severity and mortality and the differences rates of these between Arabs and Jews in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Tarabeih
- School of Nursing Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yaffa, 2 Rabenu Yerucham St., P.O.B 8401, 61083, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Yona Kitay-Cohen
- Internal Medicine C, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aliza Amiel
- School of Nursing Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yaffa, 2 Rabenu Yerucham St., P.O.B 8401, 61083, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Wasef Na'amnih
- School of Nursing Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv-Yaffa, 2 Rabenu Yerucham St., P.O.B 8401, 61083, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Pal E, Blackwell JE, Ball HL, Collings PJ. Sociodemographic, temporal and bedtime routine correlates of sleep timing and duration in South Asian and white children: A Born in Bradford study. Sleep Med X 2023; 5:100068. [PMID: 37033692 PMCID: PMC10074244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to examine sociodemographic, temporal and bedtime routine correlates of parent-reported sleep duration and timing in a biethnic sample of 18 month and 36 month old children from a disadvantaged location. Methods Between October 2010 and September 2012, parents completed a bespoke three day sleep diary when their child was approximately 18 months (n = 276) and 36 months of age (n = 262) (45.1% South Asian; 54.9% white). Parents reported their child's overnight sleep duration (h/day), the time their child fell asleep, their wake time and their child's bedtime and napping routines. Data were available at both time points for 135 children. Results In line with previous literature, South Asian children had shorter overnight sleep duration and later sleep and wake times than white children. In both ethnic groups, children slept and woke up later on weekends, and children went to bed earlier and slept longer in winter. In white children only, napping duration was associated with overnight sleep period. No significant associations were found between napping frequency and overnight sleep duration. Based on parent-reported data, children who consistently adhered to regular bedtimes and had set times for sleeping tended to go to sleep earlier, wake earlier and have longer overnight sleep. Conclusions The data showed parent-reported variation in sleep patterns between two ethnic groups within a single geographical and deprived area. It is important that researchers, clinicians and early years workers are considerate of cultural norms in sleep practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pal
- Better Start Bradford, Bradford Trident, Mayfield Centre, Broadway Ave, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Helen L. Ball
- Durham Infancy & Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, UK
| | - Paul J. Collings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Israeli S, Gragert L, Madbouly A, Bashyal P, Schneider J, Maiers M, Louzoun Y. Combined imputation of HLA genotype and self-identified race leads to better donor-recipient matching. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:110721. [PMID: 37867095 PMCID: PMC10842039 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) is a curative therapy for hematologic disorders and often requires human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. Donor registries have recruited donors utilizing evolving technologies of HLA genotyping methods. This necessitates in-silico ambiguity resolution and statistical imputation based on haplotype frequencies estimated from donor data stratified by self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE). However, SIRE has limited genetic validity and presents a challenge for individuals with unknown or mixed SIRE. We present MR-GRIMM "Multi-Race Graph IMputation and Matching" that simultaneously imputes the race/ethnic category and HLA genotype using a SIRE based prior. Additionally, we propose a novel method to impute HLA typing inconsistent with current haplotype frequencies. The performance of MR-GRIMM was validated using a dataset of 170,000 donor-recipient pairs. MR-GRIMM has an average 20 % lower matching error (1-AUC) than single-race imputation. The recall metric (sensitivity) of the race/ethnic category imputation from HLA was measured by comparing the imputed donor race with the donor-provided SIRE. Accuracies of 0.74 and 0.55 were obtained for the prediction of 5 broad and 21 detailed US population groups respectively. The operational implementation of this algorithm in a registry search could help improve match predictions and access to HLA-matched donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Israeli
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Loren Gragert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Abeer Madbouly
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Pradeep Bashyal
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joel Schneider
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Martin Maiers
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Jones G, Perry M, Bailey R, Arumugam S, Edwards A, Lench A, Cooper A, Akbari A, Collins B, Harris C, Richardson G, Barry M, Harris P, Fry R, Lyons RA, Cottrell S. Dimensions of equality in uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales, UK: A multivariable linked data population analysis. Vaccine 2023; 41:7333-7341. [PMID: 37932133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has proven to be effective at preventing severe outcomes of COVID-19 infection, and uptake in the population has been high in Wales. However, there is a risk that high-level vaccination coverage statistics may mask hidden inequalities in under-served populations, many of whom may be at increased risk of severe outcomes of COVID-19 infection. The study population included 1,436,229 individuals aged 18 years and over, alive and residence in Wales as at 31st July 2022, and excluded immunosuppressed or care home residents. We compared people who had received one or more vaccinations to those with no vaccination using linked data from nine datasets within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. Multivariable analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of a range of sociodemographic characteristics on vaccination uptake, including ethnicity, country of birth, severe mental illness, homelessness and substance use. We found that overall uptake of first dose of COVID-19 vaccination was high in Wales (92.1 %), with the highest among those aged 80 years and over and females. Those aged under 40 years, household composition (aOR 0.38 95 %CI 0.35-0.41 for 10+ size household compared to two adult household) and being born outside the UK (aOR 0.44 95 %CI 0.43-0.46) had the strongest negative associations with vaccination uptake. This was followed by a history of substance misuse (aOR 0.45 95 %CI 0.44-0.46). Despite high-level population coverage in Wales, significant inequalities remain across several underserved groups. Factors associated with vaccination uptake should not be considered in isolation, to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions. Ensuring equitable access to vaccination is essential to protecting under-served groups from COVID-19 and further work needs to be done to address these gaps in coverage, with focus on tailored vaccination pathways and advocacy, using trusted partners and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gethin Jones
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK.
| | - Malorie Perry
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK; Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
| | - Rowena Bailey
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
| | - Sudha Arumugam
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
| | - Adrian Edwards
- Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, PRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
| | - Alex Lench
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK.
| | - Alison Cooper
- Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre, PRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, 8th Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
| | - Ashley Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
| | - Brendan Collins
- Health and Social Services Group, Health Protection, Welsh Government, Cardiff, UK; Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, UK.
| | - Caroline Harris
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK.
| | - Gill Richardson
- Policy, Research and International Development, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK.
| | - Mai Barry
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK.
| | - Phillippa Harris
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK.
| | - Richard Fry
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
| | - Simon Cottrell
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, Wales, UK.
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Han S, Lee HS, Kataoka S. "It's Taboo to Talk About It": Korean American Clergy Members' Views of Mental Health. Psychiatr Serv 2023; 74:1096-1099. [PMID: 37042111 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Korean Americans are more likely to seek guidance from church leaders than to use traditional mental health services. Through semistructured key informant interviews with 16 Christian clergy members serving later-generation Korean Americans, the authors explored clergy members' perceptions of the mental health needs of their congregants. Insights from the study suggested that communication and collaboration between mental health professionals and church leaders may be helpful in addressing the Korean American community's emotional and mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute (Han, Kataoka), and Center for Autism Research and Treatment (Lee), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Hyon Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute (Han, Kataoka), and Center for Autism Research and Treatment (Lee), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Sheryl Kataoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute (Han, Kataoka), and Center for Autism Research and Treatment (Lee), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
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Jameson C, Haq Z, Musse S, Kosar Z, Watson G, Wylde V. Inclusive approaches to involvement of community groups in health research: the co-produced CHICO guidance. Res Involv Engagem 2023; 9:76. [PMID: 37679854 PMCID: PMC10486022 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racially marginalised groups are underserved in healthcare and underrepresented in health research. Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is established as the method to ensure equity in health research. However, methods traditionally employed in PPIE can lead to the exclusion of some communities and exacerbation of existing inequalities, highlighting the need to develop inclusive processes for more inclusive community involvement in health research. We aimed to produce guidance to promote good practice for inclusive involvement of racially marginalised community groups in health research via public and community involvement and engagement. METHODS The CHecklist for Inclusive COmmunity involvement in health research (CHICO) was co-produced by researchers and three Bristol-based community organisations: Dhek Bhal, My Friday Coffee Morning-Barton Hill, and Malcolm X Elders. After initial conversations and link building with community leaders to develop relationships, researchers attended at least three meetings with each community group to discuss preferred approaches to involvement. Each community group had a different format, and discussions were open and tailored to fit the groups preferences. The meetings were held in the community groups' usual meeting venue. Notes from meetings were reviewed by researchers to identify key themes, which were used to inform the creation of a draft illustration which was then taken back to the community groups for refinement and used to inform the development of written guidance and the final illustration. RESULTS Checklist items were structured into three stages: (1) building relationships, (2) reciprocal relationships and (3) practicalities. Stage 1 highlights the importance of building trust with the community group over time through regular visits to community venues and talking to people informally to understand the history of the group, their preferences and needs, and topics that are likely to be of interest to them. Stage 2 focusses on maintaining a reciprocal relationship and understanding how to best to give back to the community. Stage 3 provides guidance on the practicalities of designing and running inclusive community-based involvement activities, including consideration of the venue, format, communication-style, language requirements, social activities, and provision of food. CONCLUSIONS Our co-produced checklist can guide researchers in how to involve people from different ethnicities in health research that is relevant to their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jameson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zehra Haq
- Dhek Bhal, Wellspring Settlement, Barton Hill, Bristol, UK
| | - Samira Musse
- My Friday Coffee Morning - Barton Hill, University of Bristol micro campus, Barton Hill, Bristol, UK
| | - Zahra Kosar
- My Friday Coffee Morning - Barton Hill, University of Bristol micro campus, Barton Hill, Bristol, UK
| | - Gloria Watson
- Malcolm X Elders, Malcolm X Community Centre, St Pauls, Bristol, UK
| | - Vikki Wylde
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Murshed M, Doherty R, Mhojatoleslami S, Tarabi SA, Rammohan A. Increasing ethnicity reporting to better understand cultural needs accessing a primary care talking therapy service. Behav Cogn Psychother 2023; 51:479-484. [PMID: 37264882 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465823000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the under-utilisation of statutory mental health care services by minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom (UK). AIM To improve ethnicity reporting to better understand the needs of patients accessing a primary care talking therapies service. METHOD We conducted a clinical audit to observe outcomes from pre-COVID (2019), first wave of COVID-19 (2020) and 2021 for three broad ethnic categories: black African/Caribbean, Asian and white British. Intervention was conducted on staff to improve data recording of ethnicity. A patient survey was sent to those identified as dropped out from treatment from May 2020 to April 2021. A total of 229 patients responded to the survey. The survey asked for reasons that impacted on not continuing with sessions. RESULTS Quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant difference on discharge outcome between white British and black African/Caribbean (p=<0.0001), with black African/Caribbean patients most likely to drop out of treatment, and in 2020 the Asian population was below the recovery target of 50%. Qualitative analysis revealed therapist factors included lack of confidence in therapist and not being listened to, patient factors included neurodiversity, being unsure whether it would be helpful and confidentiality concerns, and service factors included being notified of discharge from the service, remote delivery of therapy, treatment options, and treatment materials. DISCUSSIONS Services must work towards improving service provision by capturing hidden disparities and socialising treatment to meet the needs of minority ethnic groups in the UK. The present study recommends culturally adapted treatment and co-producing therapy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisha Murshed
- Central, Northwest London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Fairfield House, Fairfields Crescent, London NW9 0PS, UK
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Myers N, Hutnyan M, Daley TC, Bello I, Chacon M, Currie A, Davis BJ, Dixon LB, George PE, Giannicchi A, Kwashie AN, McCormick KA, Meyer-Kalos P, Nagendra A, Nayar S, Sarpal DK, Sepahpour TY, Shapiro DI, Taylor-Zoghby J. Pathways Through Early Psychosis Care for U.S. Youths From Ethnically and Racially Minoritized Groups: A Systematic Review. Psychiatr Serv 2023; 74:859-868. [PMID: 36789610 PMCID: PMC10425565 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors of this systematic review examined service utilization and outcomes among youths from ethnoracially minoritized groups after the youths initiated treatment for a psychotic disorder-that is, the youths' "pathway through care." Also examined were potential moderating variables in pathways through care for these youths at the clinic, family, and cultural levels. The goal was to describe methodologies, summarize relevant findings, highlight knowledge gaps, and propose future research on pathways through care for young persons from ethnoracially minoritized groups who experience early psychosis. METHODS The PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science literature databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 1, 2010, and June 1, 2021. Included articles were from the United States and focused on young people after they initiated treatment for early psychosis. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Sixteen of the 18 studies were published in the past 5 years, and 11 had an explicit focus on race and ethnicity as defined by the studies' authors. Studies varied in terminology, outcomes measures, methodologies, and depth of analysis. Being an individual from an ethnoracially minoritized group appeared to affect care utilization and outcomes. Insufficient research was found about potential moderating variables at the clinic, family, and cultural levels. CONCLUSIONS Studies of pathways through care for persons from minoritized groups warrant further funding and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neely Myers
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Matthew Hutnyan
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Tamara C Daley
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Iruma Bello
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Marne Chacon
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Ariel Currie
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Beshaun J Davis
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Lisa B Dixon
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Preethy E George
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Anna Giannicchi
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Anita N Kwashie
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Katie A McCormick
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Piper Meyer-Kalos
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Arundati Nagendra
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Swati Nayar
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Tiana Y Sepahpour
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Daniel I Shapiro
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Jessica Taylor-Zoghby
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
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Bazargan M, Comini J, Kibe LW, Assari S, Cobb S. Association between Migraine and Quality of Life, Mental Health, Sleeping Disorders, and Health Care Utilization Among Older African American Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01629-y. [PMID: 37227684 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the associations between migraine headaches, well-being, and health care use among a sample of underserved older African American adults. Controlling for relevant variables, the association between migraine headaches and (1) health care utilization, (2) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and (3) physical and mental health outcomes was examined. METHODS Our sample included 760 older African American adults from South Los Angeles recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. In addition to demographic variables, our survey included validated instruments, such as the SF-12 QoL, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Data analysis included 12 independent multivariate models using multiple linear regression, log transferred linear regression, binary and multinomial logistic regression, and generalized linear regression with Poisson distribution. RESULTS Having migraine was associated with three categories of outcomes: (1) higher level of health care utilization measured by (i) emergency department admissions and (ii) number of medication use; (2) lower level of HRQoL and health status measured by (i) lower self-rated health (ii) physical QoL, and (iii) mental QoL; and (3) worse physical and mental health outcomes measured by (i) higher number of depressive symptoms, (ii) higher level of pain, (iii) sleep disorder, and (iv) being disabled. CONCLUSIONS Migraine headache significantly was associated with quality of life, health care utilization, and many health outcomes of underserved African American middle-aged and older adults. Diagnoses and treatments of migraine among underserved older African American adults require multi-faceted and culturally sensitive interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Urban Public Health, CDU, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Physician Assistant Program, CDU, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - J Comini
- Physician Assistant Program, CDU, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L W Kibe
- Physician Assistant Program, CDU, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Cobb
- Mervyn M. Dymally College of Nursing, CDU, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Carpena Lucas PJ, Jiménez Candel MI, Sánchez-Cubo F, Ceballos-Santamaría G, Vargas Vargas M, Mondéjar Jiménez J. Sociocultural differences in the development of obesity in adolescents in Murcia. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70:352-359. [PMID: 36446708 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity presents alarming numbers in our country, being even higher in the population of immigrant origin. The main objective was to analyse the excess weight numbers both in native adolescents and in those children of immigrants and to determine the ethnic influence on lifestyle habits that could condition these differences in weight overload. METHODS Adolescents from 1st year of Obligatory Secondary Education (E.S.O.) participated; somatometry was determined and classified according to BMI (with WHO references) and parental origin. Parents completed the survey on healthy habits (ENHASA). An analysis of variance was performed for each of the 4 dimensions of the questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 416 adolescents participated (12.8±0.62 years). Excess weight was detected in 41.2% of the participants, with significant differences between groups (p 0.018): 36.7% in Spanish, 42.9% in North Africa and 58.2% in South America. The ANOVA analysis showed differences in the section "physical activity" (p 0.003), highlighting the maximum disparity in the performance of extracurricular sports activities, with a lower score in both non-native groups. CONCLUSION We found significant differences according to ethnic origin in the number of overweight children and the amount of physical activity they do; South American adolescents are the most sedentary. We must design interventions that guarantee the access of all adolescents to sports activities to prevent the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez-Cubo
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vargas Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Jośe Mondéjar Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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15
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Haq SM, Waheed M, Khoja AA, Amjad MS, Bussmann RW, Ali K. A cross-cultural study of high-altitude botanical resources among diverse ethnic groups in Kashmir Himalaya, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2023; 19:12. [PMID: 37055855 PMCID: PMC10100632 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Himalayas, traditional knowledge and biodiversity are strongly linked due to the symbiotic interaction between plant and cultural diversity, as well as the support provided by cultural memories, ecological awareness, and social norms. Our study was focused on documenting the vanishing knowledge in the Kashmir Himalaya with the following main objectives: 1) to document the ethnomedical and cultural knowledge of the local flora, 2) to evaluate the cross-cultural use of the flora in the region, and, finally, 3) to identify the key indicator species utilized by each ethnic group using multivariate statistical analysis. METHODS We used semi-structured questionnaires to conduct interviews with people of different ethnicity, gender, age, and occupational categories. The intercultural relationships of species utilization among ethnic groups were examined using a Venn diagram. The overall trends between the indicator values and the plant species used by diverse ethnic groups were illustrated using the linear regression model. RESULTS We recorded 46 species belonging to 25 different families used by the local people of the Kashmir Valley belonging to four ethnic groups (Gujjar, Bakarwal, Pahari, and Kashmiri). The dominant families recorded were Asteraceae and Ranunculaceae followed by Caprifoliaceae. Rhizomes were the most utilized plant part, followed by leaves. A total of 33 ailments were treated with plants, and gastrointestinal disorders were treated with most species followed by musculoskeletal diseases and dermatological problems. Across cultural relationships, the Gujjar and Pahari showed greater similarity (17%). This may be due to the fact that both ethnic groups share a common geographical landscape and are exogamous to each other. We identified key indicator species used by different ethnic groups with significant (p ≤ 0.05) values. For instance, in the Gujjar ethnic group, Aconitum heterophyllum and Phytolacca acinosa had significant indicator value, which was due to the fact that these plants were easily accessible and also had a wide range of uses. In contrast, the Bakarwal ethnic group showed different indicator species, with Rheum spiciforme and Rhododendron campanulatum being highly significant (p ≤ 0.05), because this ethnic group spends the majority of their time in high-altitude pastures, using a particularly wide variety of plant species for medicine, food, and fuelwood. While indicator values and plant usage were positively correlated for the Gujjar, Kashmiri, and Pahari ethnic groups, they were negatively correlated for the Bakarwal. The positive correlation indicates cultural preferences for certain plant use and underlines the cultural significance of each species. The current study reported new uses for the following species: raw roots of Jurinea dolomiaea used for tooth cleaning, seeds of Verbascum thapsus applied for respiratory diseases, and flowers of Saussurea simpsoniana given to anyone as a good luck wish. CONCLUSION The current study highlights historical ethnic group stratifications and cultural standing while comparing reported taxa across cultures. Each ethnic group made extensive ethnomedical use of plants, and knowledge, originally transmitted verbally, is now available in writing for reference. This could pave the way for providing incentives to local communities to showcase their talents, celebrate them, and gain from potential development initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Muhammad Waheed
- Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, 56300 Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shoaib Amjad
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh, 12500 Pakistan
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Life Sciences, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kishwar Ali
- College of General Education, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Al Tarafa, Jelaiah Street, Duhail North, P.O Box 24449, Doha, Qatar
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de Ribamar Ross J, Marinelli NP, Vidal FCB, da Costa Fraga E, do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento M, Safádi MAP. Frequency of human papilomavirus and associated factors in gypsy and quilombola women : Human papillomavirus in gypsy and quilombola women. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:160. [PMID: 37016349 PMCID: PMC10072018 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the general population is widely known, however, there are still few studies related to this infection in minority groups, Thus, the objective is to analyze the frequency of human papillomavirus and associated factors in quilombola and gypsy women. METHODS Cross-sectional research with 145 quilombola and gypsy women from Caxias, Maranhão. Two Pap smear collections were performed and a questionnaire with 46 questions was applied between January, 2020 and March, 2021. Descriptive analysis and Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval were performed. The research was approved by the ethics committee. RESULTS There were 09 cases of atypia. The frequency of human papillomavirus was 41.37%, with a higher risk in quilombolas 55 (91.70%). Multiple infections were prevalent (53%) with high-risk genotypes 21 (35%). Types 16 and 18 together accounted for 42.85% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of human papillomavirus infection was higher than those recorded in the Northeast and Brazil, and therefore type 16 predominated. Due to limitations, the virus lineages and sublineages were not evaluated. Quilombola women had a higher rate of infection than gypsies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Pereira Marinelli
- Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
- Technical School of Teresina, St Dirce Oliveira, Ininga, Teresina, PI, 64048-550, Brazil.
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Oloruntoba AI, Rodrigues M. Bridging the gap in skin cancer research for Australians with skin of colour. Med J Aust 2023; 218:148-149. [PMID: 36774553 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayooluwatomiwa I Oloruntoba
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash Medical Artificial Intelligence Group, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Michelle Rodrigues
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC.,Chroma Dermatology, Pigment and Skin of Colour Centre, Melbourne, VIC
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Harwood H, Rhead R, Chui Z, Bakolis I, Connor L, Gazard B, Hall J, MacCrimmon S, Rimes KA, Woodhead C, Hatch SL. Variations by ethnicity in referral and treatment pathways for IAPT service users in South London. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1084-1095. [PMID: 34334151 PMCID: PMC9976018 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme aims to provide equitable access to therapy for common mental disorders. In the UK, inequalities by ethnicity exist in accessing and receiving mental health treatment. However, limited research examines IAPT pathways to understand whether and at which points such inequalities may arise. METHODS This study examined variation by ethnicity in (i) source of referral to IAPT services, (ii) receipt of assessment session, (iii) receipt of at least one treatment session. Routine data were collected on service user characteristics, referral source, assessment and treatment receipt from 85 800 individuals referred to South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust IAPT services between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2016. Multinomial and logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between ethnicity and referral source, assessment and treatment receipt. Missing ethnicity data (18.5%) were imputed using census data and reported alongside a complete case analysis. RESULTS Compared to the White British group, Black African, Asian and Mixed ethnic groups were less likely to self-refer to IAPT services. Black Caribbean, Black Other and White Other groups are more likely to be referred through community services. Almost all racial and minority ethnic groups were less likely to receive an assessment compared to the White British group, and of those who were assessed, all racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to be treated. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic minority service users appear to experience barriers to IAPT care at different pathway stages. Services should address potential cultural, practical and structural barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Harwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Rhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe Chui
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Health Service & Population Research Department, Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Connor
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Billy Gazard
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jheanell Hall
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shirlee MacCrimmon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine A. Rimes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Woodhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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Pagi R, Yadin O, Wesseling-Perry K, Norris K, Laster ML. Racial-ethnic diversity in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:819-827. [PMID: 35802270 PMCID: PMC9842582 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have higher rates of hypertension as compared to White adults with CKD. Little is known of how race and ethnicity associate with the prevalence of hypertension in pediatric CKD patients. The aim was to compare ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) results for patients with CKD enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study across racial-ethnic groups. METHODS Patients from the CKiD study who identified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic were included to analyze differences in ABPM results across these racial-ethnic groups. The outcomes were fitted using 3 progressively adjusted models. RESULTS This study included 501 CKiD participants with at least one successful ABPM study. Compared to White participants, Black participants had 4.2 mmHg higher mean sleep systolic blood pressure and 2.7 mmHg higher mean sleep diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Additionally, Black participants had higher odds of abnormal wake systolic load (OR 1.88, 1.21-2.91, p = 0.005), wake diastolic load (OR 1.68, 1.03-2.73, p = 0.04), sleep systolic load (OR 2.19, 1.36-3.5, p = 0.001), sleep diastolic load (OR 2.01, 1.28-3.15, p = 0.002), systolic non-dipping (OR 2.02, 1.31-3.10, p = 0.001), and diastolic non-dipping (OR 2.69, 1.60-4.51, p < 0.001). Compared to White participants, Hispanic participants demonstrated only a lower sleep diastolic load (OR 0.54, 0.31-0.95, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Black children with CKD have higher absolute nocturnal blood pressures and higher rates of abnormal dipping. Further studies are needed to determine the etiology of these differences and the clinical implications of racial-ethnic differences in ABPM outcomes within the pediatric CKD population. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Pagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752 USA
| | - Ora Yadin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752 USA
| | - Katherine Wesseling-Perry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752 USA
| | - Keith Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752 USA ,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Marciana Lee Laster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA.
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Mezdour A, Koba É. Informal caregivers for the elderly and their ethnocultural background in Quebec: the contribution of a quantitative analysis. Sante Publique 2023; 35:9-14. [PMID: 37328421 DOI: 10.3917/spub.231.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of informal caregivers is expected to increase along with global aging, particularly in countries struggling with shortages of health care professionals, such as in Quebec (Canada). In a society built on immigration, it is more than relevant to question the prevalence of the role of informal caregivers among ethnocultural communities of immigrant origin. To the best of our knowledge, no study has quantitatively studied ethnic informal caregivers for these communities in Québec. Our exploratory research aims to fill this gap. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH This research aims to explore the influence of ethnocultural affiliation in a minority and immigration context, on the probability of becoming a caregiver in Quebec in a minority and immigration context. RESULTS The chances of becoming an informal caregiver are high for those born in Canada who participate in religious activities and are female. CONCLUSIONS There is a statistically significant association between being an informal caregiver and birth location. Those born outside of Canada have fewer chances of being an informal caregiver, reflecting biases in Canadian immigration policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mezdour
- Institut Santé et Société – Faculté des sciences humaines – Université du Québec à Montréal – Montréal – Canada
| | - Éric Koba
- Institut Santé et Société – Faculté des sciences humaines – Université du Québec à Montréal – Montréal – Canada
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Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Afshari M, Besharati F. Cultural appropriateness in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at reducing pesticide exposure among farmers and farmworkers: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:27-44. [PMID: 35838774 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The widespread use of pesticides poses serious health hazards to farmers and their families. Some evidence shows that culturally sensitive interventions could be associated with improved outcomes; however, little is known about the effectiveness of cultural adaptations in interventions among farmers and farmworkers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to summarize strategies used in the cultural adaptation interventions addressing the reduction of pesticide exposure in farmers and farmworkers, as well as assessing the effects of these strategies. METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Clarivate Web of Science, Scopus, NIOSHTIC, Agricola, Agris, as well as reference lists to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English from January 2000 until March 2022. Data were extracted to examine the characteristics of interventions in terms of the cultural adaptation strategies and their effectiveness by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Eleven articles from ten trials met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in the USA (n = 7) and were ranked as poor quality (n = 5). Four of the ten studies were rated moderate, and six were rated weak. The socio-cultural and constituent-involving strategies were the most commonly reported across the included studies, followed by linguistic strategy. Six studies (seven articles) were tailored for subgroups or individuals. Overall, 8 of 10 studies reported significant changes in whole and some outcomes in the intervention groups over controls. Seven studies received moderate cultural adaptation scores which may reflect the moderate effectiveness of the interventions. CONCLUSION Our review underscored the paucity and low quality of existing studies investigating the culturally adapted interventions in reducing farmers' and farmworkers' pesticide exposure. Future high-quality culturally sensitive studies could increase our knowledge regarding the culture's role in reducing pesticide exposure in farmers and farmworkers.
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D'Adamo A, Schnake-Mahl A, Mullachery PH, Lazo M, Diez Roux AV, Bilal U. Health disparities in past influenza pandemics: A scoping review of the literature. SSM Popul Health 2022; 21:101314. [PMID: 36514788 PMCID: PMC9733119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing health disparities. To provide a historical perspective on health disparities for pandemic acute respiratory viruses, we conducted a scoping review of the public health literature of health disparities in influenza outcomes during the 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 influenza pandemics. Methods We searched for articles examining socioeconomic or racial/ethnic disparities in any population, examining any influenza-related outcome (e.g., incidence, hospitalizations, mortality), during the 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 influenza pandemics. We conducted a structured search of English-written articles in PubMed supplemented by a snowball of articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results A total of 29 articles met inclusion criteria, all but one focusing exclusively on the 1918 or 2009 pandemics. Individuals of low socioeconomic status, or living in low socioeconomic status areas, experienced higher incidence, hospitalizations, and mortality in the 1918 and 2009 pandemics. There were conflicting results regarding racial/ethnic disparities during the 1918 pandemic, with differences in magnitude and direction by outcome, potentially due to issues in data quality by race/ethnicity. Racial/ethnic minorities had generally higher incidence, mortality, and hospitalization rates in the 1957 and 2009 pandemics. Conclusion Individuals of low socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic minorities have historically experienced worse influenza outcomes during pandemics. These historical patterns can inform current research to understand disparities in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D'Adamo
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alina Schnake-Mahl
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Health Management and Policy, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pricila H. Mullachery
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, 3600 Market St. Suite 730, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zwi S, Isautier J, Webster AC, Lambert K, Shepherd HL, McCaffery KJ, Sud K, Saunders J, O'Lone E, Liu N, Kim J, Robbins A, Muscat DM. A feasibility study of a best practice health literacy app for Australian adults with chronic kidney disease. PEC Innov 2022; 1:100047. [PMID: 37213763 PMCID: PMC10194182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate feasibility of the SUCCESS app; a cross-platform e-health innovation to improve health literacy, self-management and shared decision-making among culturally-diverse Australian haemodialysis patients. Methods Multi-site, pre-post, mixed-methods study. Haemodialysis patients ≥18 years used the app for 12 weeks. Qualitative data from 18 interviews were thematically analysed to evaluate app acceptability. Quantitative analysis using paired sampled t-tests evaluated feasibility outcomes pertaining to recruitment, retention, data collection and app efficacy (including health literacy; decision self-efficacy; quality of life; behaviour; knowledge; confidence). Results We successfully recruited diverse participants (N = 116; 45% born overseas; 40% low/moderate health literacy) from four Local Health Districts in Sydney, Australia. However, only 61 participants completed follow-up questionnaires. Qualitative analyses provided insights into acceptability and user engagement. Quantitative analyses showed significant improvements on the health literacy domain 'Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers' (Mean Difference [MD] = 0.2 on a 5-point scale; CI95%: 0.0-0.4; p = 0.03) and decision self-efficacy (MD = 4.3 on a 10-point scale; CI95%: 0.6-7.9; p = 0.02) after 12 weeks app use. Conclusions The SUCCESS app was feasible and acceptable to participants. The app will be adapted to facilitate ongoing use and engagement among diverse haemodialysis patients. Innovation This is the first health literacy-informed app to promote active participation in haemodialysis self-management and decision-making, tailored toward culturally-diverse and low health literacy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zwi
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Isautier
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela C. Webster
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kirsten J. McCaffery
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Sud
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - John Saunders
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma O'Lone
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Na Liu
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinman Kim
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Telehealth and Technology Centre, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Danielle Marie Muscat
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Room 127A, Edward Ford Building (A27), The University of Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia.
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24
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Chastain DB, Patel VS, Jefferson AM, Osae SP, Chastain JS, Henao-Martínez AF, Franco-Paredes C, Young HN. Distribution of age, sex, race, and ethnicity in COVID-19 clinical drug trials in the United States: A review. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 123:106997. [PMID: 36368481 PMCID: PMC9642036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 quickly overwhelmed the world, but disproportionately affects certain communities, particularly minority groups. Despite overrepresentation among COVID-19 cases and death, minority groups were underrepresented in some of the early COVID-19 clinical trials. OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the demographic characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trial participants to national COVID-19 data. METHODS PubMed was searched from December 1, 2019 to November 24, 2020, for randomized controlled trials evaluating a pharmacologic treatment for COVID-19 patients from one or more U.S. sites written in the English language following the PRISMA checklist. Descriptive statistics were calculated to characterize patient demographics enrolled in the included clinical trials, as well as for comparison with national COVID-19 data. RESULTS A total of 4472 records were identified, of which 16 studies were included. The median number of participants was higher in studies of nonhospitalized patients compared to those of hospitalized patients (n = 452 [range 20-1062] vs n = 243 [152-2795]). Ten (63%) studies reported mean or median ages of 50 years or older among all study arms. Males comprised more than half of the study cohort in ten (63%) studies. Race and ethnicity were reported separately in four (25%) studies but were combined when reported in five (31%) studies, while six (38%) reported only race or ethnicity. Proportional representation based on age, sex, race, and ethnicity was evident in some trials, but not in others, when compared to national data. CONCLUSION Overall, participants often did not reflect the actual population with COVID-19 and demographic characteristics were inconsistently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sharmon P Osae
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, GA 31701, USA.
| | | | - Andrés F Henao-Martínez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | | - Henry N Young
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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25
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Pringle W, Sachal SS, Dhutt GS, Kestler M, Dubé È, Bettinger JA. Public health community engagement with Asian populations in British Columbia during COVID-19: towards a culture-centered approach. Can J Public Health 2022; 113:14-23. [PMID: 36329357 PMCID: PMC9633035 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 has posed significant challenges to those who endeavour to provide equitable public health information and services. We examine how community leaders, advocates, and public health communication specialists have approached community engagement among Asian immigrant and diaspora communities in British Columbia throughout the pandemic. METHODS Qualitative interviews with 27 participants working with Asian communities in a healthcare, community service, or public health setting, inductively coded and analyzed following the culture-centred approach to health communication, which focuses on intersections of structure, culture, and agency. RESULTS Participants detailed outreach efforts aimed at those who might not be reached by conventional public health communication strategies. Pre-existing structural barriers such as poverty, racial disparities, and inequitable employment conditions were cited as complicating Asian diaspora communities' experience of the pandemic. Such disparities exacerbated the challenges of language barriers, information overload, and rapidly shifting recommendations. Participants suggested building capacity within existing community service and public health outreach infrastructures, which were understood to be too lean to meet community needs, particularly in a pandemic setting. CONCLUSION A greater emphasis on collaboration is key to the provision of health services and information for these demographic groups. Setting priorities according to community need, in direct collaboration with community representatives, and further integrating pre-existing bonds of trust within communities into public health communication and engagement strategies would facilitate the provision of more equitable health information and services. This mode of engagement forgoes the conventional focus on individual behaviour change, and focuses instead on fostering community connections. Such an approach harmonizes with community support work, strengthening the capacity of community members to secure health during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Pringle
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC Canada ,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Sukhmeet Singh Sachal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,Sikh Health Foundation, Surrey, BC Canada
| | - Gurvir Singh Dhutt
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC Canada ,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Mary Kestler
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Québec City, QC Canada ,CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Julie A. Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC Canada ,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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26
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Patel M, Abatcha S, Uthman O. Ethnic differences between South Asians and White Caucasians in cardiovascular disease-related mortality in developed countries: a systematic literature review. Syst Rev 2022; 11:207. [PMID: 36176009 PMCID: PMC9520891 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with significantly worse mortality-related outcomes in ethnic minorities in developed countries. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate cardiovascular disease-related mortality inequalities between South Asian and White Caucasian ethnic groups. METHODS Published studies on mortality between South Asians and Whites in developed countries were retrieved from MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and grey literature sources (inception-April 2021) and critically appraised using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses were performed for both primary and secondary outcomes. Heterogeneity was determined using the I2 statistic. RESULTS Of the 9879 studies screened originally, 41 were deemed eligible. A further 3 studies were included via the later search. Of these, 15 reported cardiovascular disease-related mortality, 23 reported all-cause mortality, and 6 reported both. The meta-analysis results showed that South Asians had a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality compared to Whites (risk ratio = 1.32; 95% credible interval = 1.14 to 1.54) and a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio = 0.95; 95% credible interval = 0.83 to 1.12). DISCUSSION South Asians had statistically significantly higher odds of cardiovascular disease-related mortality compared to Whites, but not for all-cause mortality. Risk of bias was a serious concern mainly due to a lack of confounders being reported. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42021240865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Patel
- Warwick Evidence, Warwick Medical School (WMS), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK.
| | - Salim Abatcha
- Warwick Medical School (WMS), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Olalekan Uthman
- Warwick Medical School (WMS), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
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27
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Sharma A, Nermoen I, Qvigstad E, Tran AT, Sommer C, Sattar N, Gill JMR, Gulseth HL, Sollid ST, Birkeland KI. High prevalence and significant ethnic differences in actionable HbA 1C after gestational diabetes mellitus in women living in Norway. BMC Med 2022; 20:318. [PMID: 36138475 PMCID: PMC9502889 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type 2 diabetes risk after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is twice as high in South Asian compared to European women. Current guidelines differ regarding which test to use as a screening-tool post-GDM. We aimed to identify ethnic differences in the prevalence rates and early predictors for actionable HbA1c (defined as prediabetes and diabetes) short time after GDM. METHODS This cross-sectional study, enrolling South Asian and Nordic women 1-3 years after a diagnosis of GDM, was undertaken at three hospitals in Norway. We performed a clinical and laboratory evaluation including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Medical records were used to retrieve data during pregnancy. Prediabetes was classified with HbA1c alone or combined with OGTT glucose measurements according to the WHO, WHO-IEC, and ADA criteria (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 6.1-6.9 mmol/L, FPG 6.1-6.9 mmol/L and/or HbA1c 42-47 mmol/mol (6.0-6.4%), and FPG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and/or HbA1c 39-47 mmol/mol (5.7-6.4%)). Ethnic differences in prevalence and predictors of glucose deterioration were assed by χ2 (Pearson) tests and logistic regression models. RESULTS We included 163 South Asian and 108 Nordic women. Actionable HbA1c levels were highly prevalent and more so among South Asian than Nordic women (WHO-IEC-HbA1c: 25.8% vs. 6.5% (p ≤ 0.001), ADA-HbA1c: 58.3% vs. 22.2% (p ≤ 0.001)). Although adding OGTT-data gave higher combined prevalence rates of prediabetes and diabetes (WHO: 65.6% vs. 47.2% (p ≤ 0.05), WHO-IEC: 70.6% vs. 47.2% (p ≤ 0.001), ADA: 87.8% vs. 65.7% (p ≤ 0.001)), the excess risk in the South Asian women was best captured by the HbA1c. Important predictors for glucose deterioration after GDM were: South Asian ethnicity, GDM before the index pregnancy, use of glucose-lowering drugs in pregnancy, higher age, and higher in-pregnancy fasting glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS In women with GDM 1-3 year previously, we found high prevalence and significant ethnic differences in actionable ADA-HbA1c levels, with South Asian ethnicity, GDM before the index pregnancy, and the use of glucose-lowering drugs in pregnancy as the most important risk factors. This study reinforces the importance of annual screening-preferably with HbA1c measurements-to facilitate early intervention after GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Nermoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Qvigstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anh T Tran
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Stina T Sollid
- Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Health Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Tan ML, Ng KL, Loh LWL, Haugan G, Wang W, He HG. A descriptive qualitative study exploring the postpartum confinement experiences among first-time mothers from the three major ethnic groups in Singapore. Midwifery 2022; 114:103463. [PMID: 36054950 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modern Singaporean mothers still embrace traditional confinement practices after childbirth, which often marks a significant milestone in maternal experiences. However, limited studies have explored in-depth the collective confinement experiences of mothers in Singapore. This study hence aimed to explore the postpartum confinement experiences of first-time mothers from the three major ethnic groups in Singapore, namely Chinese, Malay, and Indian. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit participants. Individual semi-structured face-to-face/telephone interviews were used to collect data, which were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Sixteen first-time mothers were recruited from two obstetric clinics in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. FINDINGS Five themes emerged: "Specific diets adopted and avoided for different purposes", "Complexity of various traditional confinement practices (TCPs) adopted", "Reasons for adopting TCPs", "Reasons for modifying TCPs", and "Postpartum challenges". KEY CONCLUSIONS Our study provided unique insights about Singapore's Chinese, Malay and Indian first-time mothers' postpartum confinement experiences. While confinement practices were still observed, many mothers no longer subscribed to guidelines followed by previous generations and were modifying or forgoing practices they deemed impractical. Mothers faced challenges adapting to new motherhood and often felt restrained or stressed by confinement practices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare professionals should take the lead to educate mothers and their families on harmful traditional confinement practices and their misconceptions. Future studies could explore alternative methods of postpartum check-up to improve first-time mothers' confinement experiences, and focus specifically on lower-income families to explore their unique confinement experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lynn Tan
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kai Lin Ng
- National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Leta Wei Ling Loh
- National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gørill Haugan
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
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29
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Moore EM, Blacklock H, Wellard C, Spearing R, Merriman L, Poplar S, George A, Baker B, Chan H, McQuilten ZK, Wood EM, Spencer A. Māori and Pacific Peoples With Multiple Myeloma in New Zealand are Younger and Have Inferior Survival Compared to Other Ethnicities: A Study From the Australian and New Zealand Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry (MRDR). Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2022; 22:e762-e769. [PMID: 35501256 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Māori and Pacific peoples (MPP) in New Zealand (NZ) have poorer health outcomes than other ethnicities. However, this has not been clinically investigated in multiple myeloma (MM). Using data from the Australian and NZ Myeloma and Related Diseases Registry for all participating centers in NZ, we compared MPP demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes to non-MPP. PATIENTS AND METHODS MPP were defined as having ≥1 grandparent of this heritage. We tested ethnicity as a predictor of overall survival (OS) with multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS Of 568 NZ patients with MM (September 2012 to April 2021) and ethnicity data, 138 were MPP. They were diagnosed younger than non-MPP (median age 63 [IQR: 57-72] vs. 70y [62-77], P < .001). Obesity (53 vs. 27%, P < .001), diabetes (24 vs. 8%, P < .001), renal insufficiency (28 vs. 17%, P = .005), pulmonary disease (10 vs. 5%, P = .02) and FISH abnormalities (54 vs. 42%, P = .04) were more common in MPP, and a lower proportion received first-line drug therapy (88 vs. 94%, P = .03) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (age <70y: 56 vs. 70%, P = .03). OS for MPP was shorter than non-MPP even after adjusting for age, comorbidities, disease stage, performance status, FISH abnormalities and treatment (HR 1.58 [1.04-2.39], P = .03). CONCLUSION MPP with MM in NZ were younger, a greater proportion had comorbidities and FISH abnormalities at diagnosis, fewer received first-line treatment and/or ASCT, and they had poorer OS than non-MPP. Investigation of modifiable factors to improve outcomes and discern why MM occurs at a younger age in MPP is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Moore
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Cameron Wellard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Anup George
- Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart Baker
- Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Henry Chan
- North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zoe K McQuilten
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erica M Wood
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Li J, Bi Y, Zheng Y, Cao C, Yu L, Yang Z, Chai W, Yan J, Lai J, Liang X. Development of high-throughput UPLC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring for quantitation of complex human milk oligosaccharides and application to large population survey of secretor status and Lewis blood group. Food Chem 2022; 397:133750. [PMID: 35882165 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have attracted increasing attention due to the emerging evidence of their positive roles for infant's health. A high-throughput method for absolute quantitation of the complex HMOs including multiple isomeric structures is important but very challenging, due to the highly divers nature and wide variation in content of HMOs from different individuals. Here we used UPLC-MS-MRM in the negative-ion mode for accurate quantitation of 23 complex HMOs in just 15 min. The selected oligosaccharides are in their native forms and include neutral and sialylated, fucosylated and non-fucosylated, linear and branched, and secretor and Lewis phenotype indicators. The well validated method with good sensitivity, recovery and reproducibility was then applied to a large population quantitative survey of 251 Chinese mothers from five different ethnic groups (Han, Zhuang, Hui, Mongolian and Tibetan) living in different geographical regions for their secretor's status and Lewis phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Bi
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cuiyan Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Long Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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31
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Huwe T, Kibria MG, Johora FT, Phru CS, Jahan N, Hossain MS, Khan WA, Price RN, Ley B, Alam MS, Koepfli C. Heterogeneity in prevalence of subclinical Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections but no parasite genomic clustering in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Malar J 2022; 21:218. [PMID: 35836171 PMCID: PMC9281141 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains endemic in Bangladesh, with the majority of cases occurring in forested, mountainous region in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). This area is home to Bengali and diverse groups of indigenous people (Pahari) residing largely in mono-ethnic villages. METHODS 1002 individuals of the 9 most prominent Pahari and the Bengali population were randomly selected and screened by RDT and qPCR. Parasites were genotyped by msp2 and deep sequencing of 5 amplicons (ama1-D3, cpmp, cpp, csp, and msp7) for Plasmodium falciparum (n = 20), and by microsatellite (MS) typing of ten loci and amplicon sequencing of msp1 for Plasmodium vivax (n = 21). Population structure was analysed using STRUCTURE software. Identity-by-state (IBS) was calculated as a measure of parasite relatedness and used to generate relatedness networks. RESULTS The prevalence of P. falciparum and P. vivax infection was 0.7% by RDT (P. falciparum 6/1002; P. vivax 0/1002, mixed: 1/1002) and 4% by qPCR (P. falciparum 21/1002; P. vivax 16/1002, mixed: 5/1002). Infections were highly clustered, with 64% (27/42) of infections occurring in only two Pahari groups, the Khumi and Mro. Diversity was high; expected heterozygosity was 0.93 for P. falciparum and 0.81 for P. vivax. 85.7% (18/21) of P. vivax and 25% (5/20) of P. falciparum infections were polyclonal. No population structure was evident for either species, suggesting high transmission and gene flow among Pahari groups. CONCLUSIONS High subclinical infection prevalence and genetic diversity mirror ongoing transmission. Control activities should be specifically directed to Pahari groups at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Huwe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Mohammad Golam Kibria
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuj Johora
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ching Swe Phru
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sharif Hossain
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wasif Ali Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Cristian Koepfli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA.
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Aggarwal D, Roy-Chowdhury M, Xiang N, Peacock SJ. Equity in recruitment to Combined Infection Training, 2021: Diversity & Inclusion considerations. J Infect 2022; 85:436-480. [PMID: 35803385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Saffron Walden CB10 1RQ, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Nicola Xiang
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed St, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Flisco VDC, O'Shea C, Ing CT, Boushey CJ, Pokhrel P. Ethnic differences in fast-food advertising exposure and body mass index among Asian American/Pacific Islander and White young adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:295-300. [PMID: 35970742 PMCID: PMC9936603 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast-food advertising (FFA) is a potential contributor to obesity. Few studies have examined the relationship between FFA exposure and body mass index (BMI) among young adults. Furthermore, these studies have rarely examined ethnic differences in the relationship between FFA exposure and BMI, specifically across Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) subgroups. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate ethnic differences in the association between FFA exposure and BMI in a sample of predominantly AAPI young adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected in 2018 from 2622 young adult college students (ages 18-25 years; 54% women) on O'ahu, Hawai'i. FFA exposure was assessed using a cued-recall measure. Multiple regression and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. RESULTS A significant association was found between higher FFA exposure and higher BMI (p < 0.05; 2-tailed) in the entire sample, adjusting for ethnicity, other demographic variables, and levels of physical activity. However, when examined by ethnic group, the association between FFA exposure and BMI was not statistically significant. A statistically significant main effect of ethnicity on BMI was found. Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) reported the highest mean BMI [27.07 (SD ± 7.74) kg/m2] compared with the other four ethnic groups (p < 0.001). The effect of ethnicity on FFA exposure was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION FFA exposure appears to adversely influence BMI in a population of predominantly AAPI young adults. Although we did not find ethnic differences in FFA exposure or in the association between FFA exposure and BMI, the current data make a case for similar future investigation with larger subgroup sample sizes. Regulations that curtail FFA exposure among young adults may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Diana Cruz Flisco
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, Honolulu, HI, United States; University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Honolulu, HI, United States.
| | - Ciara O'Shea
- Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland; University of Dublin, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Townsend Ing
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Native Hawaiian Health, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Carol J Boushey
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Faraj BM, Abdulrahman MS, Faris TM. Visual inspection of root patterns and radiographic estimation of its canal configurations by confirmation using sectioning method. An ex vivo study on maxillary first premolar teeth. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:166. [PMID: 35524244 PMCID: PMC9074240 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A thorough understanding of the original root and canal anatomy is a critical technical prerequisite for performing cleaning and shaping treatments. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize maxillary first premolar teeth' root morphology and canal architecture. Methods One hundred forty-two extracted human adult maxillary first premolar teeth have been retrieved. The extracted teeth were thoroughly cleaned and irrigated to eliminate any remaining debris or blood. They were then preserved in formalin solution until they were eligible for screening. To begin, a visual examination was employed to ascertain the number of roots and their geometry in each sample. Then, utilizing digital radiography in two plains, mesiodistal and distomesial, to further determine those parameters. Finally, a sectioning technique had been used to have the samples cut mesiodistally into slices to validate the internal root canal architecture and identify the number of root canals and their varieties in accordance with Vertucci's categorization system. The canal layout, the pulp chamber, and the root canals were all highlighted (marked) using a fine tip marker in a permanent orange hue to make the canal features more accessible and accurate to visualize. All of the processes were conducted by two highly qualified dentists. The sample size was estimated statistically using the Sealed Envelope program, and the percentage of each configuration was derived in proportion to the overall sample size in order to establish the percentage of each type in each configuration. Results From the 142 teeth examined, 42 (29.57%) had one root, 97 (68.31%) had two roots, and only three premolars (2.12%) had three roots. Concerning canal configurations, 100 teeth (70.43%) had type (IV) canal configuration, followed by 37 teeth (26.05%) had types (V), three teeth (2.12%) had type (VIII), and one tooth (0.70%) for each of type (I) and type (II). Conclusions The anatomical pattern of inspected maxillary first premolars are mainly two rooted and predominantly have a type (IV) canal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bestoon Mohammed Faraj
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madame Mitterand Street 30, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq.
| | - Mewan Salahaldeen Abdulrahman
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madame Mitterand Street 30, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq
| | - Tavga Mustafa Faris
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madame Mitterand Street 30, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq
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Dixon LB, Lewis-Fernández R, Isom J, Bellamy C, Gaba A, Rossom RC, Adams L, Legha RK, Carlo AD, Sokol Y, Norquist GS, Roy M, Jackson D. Reporting on and Reviewing for Race/Racialization, Ethnicity, and Culture. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:482-483. [PMID: 35392661 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Dixon
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Roberto Lewis-Fernández
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Jessica Isom
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Chyrell Bellamy
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Ayorkor Gaba
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Rebecca C Rossom
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Leah Adams
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Rupinder K Legha
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Andrew D Carlo
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Yosef Sokol
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Grayson S Norquist
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Michael Roy
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
| | - Demarie Jackson
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Dixon); James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Sokol); Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York City (Lewis-Fernández); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Isom); Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Bellamy), Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Gaba); HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis (Rossom); Department of Psychology and Women & Gender Studies Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Adams); Rupinder K. Legha MD PC, Los Angeles (Legha); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (Carlo); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University, Atlanta (Norquist); American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Washington, D.C. (Roy, Jackson)
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Kurasz AM, Smith GE, Curiel RE, Barker WW, Behar RC, Ramirez A, Armstrong MJ. Patient values in healthcare decision making among diverse older adults. Patient Educ Couns 2022; 105:1115-1122. [PMID: 34509339 PMCID: PMC8980797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide high-quality healthcare, it is essential to understand values that guide the healthcare decisions of older adults. We investigated the types of values that culturally diverse older adults incorporate in medical decision making. METHODS Focus groups were held with older adults who varied in cognitive status (mildly impaired versus those with normal cognition) and ethnicity (Hispanic and non-Hispanic). Investigators used a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze transcripts and identify themes. RESULTS Forty-nine individuals (49% with cognitive impairment; 51% Hispanic) participated. Participants expressed a wide range of values relating to individual factors, familial/cultural beliefs and expectations, balancing risks and benefits, receiving decisional support, and considering values other than their own. Participants emphasized that values are individual-specific, influenced by aging, and change throughout life course. Participants described barriers and facilitators that interfere with or promote value solicitation and incorporation during medical encounters. CONCLUSION Study findings highlight that in older adults with various health experiences, cognitive and physical health status, and sociocultural backgrounds, medical decisions are influenced by a variety of values. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians should take time to elicit, understand, and reassess the different types of values of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Kurasz
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Glenn E Smith
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rosie E Curiel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Warren W Barker
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL USA
| | - Raquel C Behar
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL USA
| | - Alexandra Ramirez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Melissa J Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Bosma C, Smits C. Behavioral changes in migrants with dementia : Experiences of professional caregivers. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 55:281-286. [PMID: 35394191 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-022-02057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional caregivers take care of an increasing number of migrants with dementia who may show behavioral changes. OBJECTIVE Insight into the experiences of professional caregivers concerning the care for people with a migration background who suffer from dementia and behavioral changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 20 professional caregivers providing community and residential care. RESULTS The caregivers' experiences focus on behavioral changes itself and on their efforts to offer person-centered care. Caregivers are aware of the mismatch between the cultural background of the client and their relatives and the professional care context. The different care perspectives of relatives and professionals sometimes result in conflict and poor collaboration. Over time, the reflections on experiences result in an awareness that more expertise and support is needed. CONCLUSION Professional caregivers deserve support in their aim to provide high quality care for migrants with dementia and behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Bosma
- Carintreggeland, Hengelo, The Netherlands, Postbus 506, 7550 AM.
| | - Carolien Smits
- Programme Older adults and Health, Pharos, Dutch Centre of Expertise on Health Disparities, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rios-Quituizaca P, Gatica-Domínguez G, Nambiar D, Santos JL, Barros AJD. Ethnic inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions in Ecuador: A study of the 2004 and 2012 national surveys. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 45:101322. [PMID: 35284805 PMCID: PMC8904232 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of health inequalities by ethnicity is critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In Ecuador, similar to other Latin American countries, indigenous and afro-descendant populations have long been subject to racism, discrimination, and inequitable treatment. Although in recent years, Ecuador has made progress in health indicators, particularly those related to the coverage of Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (RMNCH) interventions, little is known as to whether inequalities by ethnicity persist. METHODS Analysis was based on two nationally representative health surveys (2004 and 2012). Ethnicity was self-reported and classified into three categories (Indigenous/Afro-Ecuadorian/Mixed ancestry). Coverage data for six RMNCH health interventions were stratified for each ethnic group by level of education, area of residence and wealth quintiles. Absolute inequality measures were computed and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression was undertaken. FINDINGS In 2012, 74.4% of women self-identifying as indigenous did not achieve the secondary level of education and 50.7% were in the poorest quintile (Q1); this profile was relatively unchanged since 2004. From 2004 to 2012, the coverage of RMNCH interventions increased for all ethnic groups, and absolute inequality decreased. However, in 2012, regardless of education level, area of residence and wealth quintiles, ethnic inequalities remained for almost all RMNCH interventions. Indigenous women had 24% lower prevalence of modern contraceptive use (Prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.76; 95% IC: 0.7-0.8); 28% lower prevalence of antenatal care (PR = 0.72; 95% IC: 0.6-0.8); and 35% lower prevalence of skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery (PR = 0.65; 95% IC: 0.6-0.7 and PR = 0.65; 95% IC: 0.6-0.7 respectively), compared with the majority ethnic group in the country. INTERPRETATION While the gaps have narrowed, indigenous people in Ecuador continue in a situation of structural racism and are left behind in terms of access to RMNCH interventions. Strategies to reduce ethnic inequalities in the coverage services need to be collaboratively redesigned/co-designed. FUNDING This paper was made possible with funds from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [Grant Number: INV-007,594/OPP1148933].
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Key Words
- CI, confidence interval
- CVD, national survey of living conditions
- ECLAC, economic commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
- ENSANUT, national survey of health and nutrition (encuesta nacional de salud y nutrición)
- Ethnic groups
- Health care surveys
- Healthcare disparities
- ICEH, international center for equity in health
- INEC, national institute of statistics and censuses (instituto nacional de estadísticas y censos)
- LA, Latin America
- Maternal-child health services continuity of patient care
- PR, prevalence ratio
- RHS, reproductive health survey
- RMNCH, reproductive, maternal, neonatal and children
- UBN, unsatisfied basic needs or NBI, (acronym in Spanish) a multidimensional poverty measure
- WRA, women in reproductive age
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Rios-Quituizaca
- Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Facultad de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidad de São Paulo. La Armenia, Quito, Ecuador
- Corresponding author.
| | | | | | | | - Aluisio J D Barros
- International Center for Equity in Health, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the proportion of U.S. mental health facilities that provide non-English language services. METHODS Using data from the 2018 National Mental Health Services Survey, the authors examined differences between mental health facilities that provided non-English language services and those that did not across 23 organizational characteristics. Further analyses compared facilities by their method of language service provision. RESULTS Of 7,503 facilities, 5,186 (69.1%) provided non-English language services. These facilities were more likely than others to have high patient volume, be publicly owned, and be located in the 10 states with the highest percentage of residents with limited English proficiency. Among facilities with language services, 592 (11.4%) relied on multilingual staff, 2,532 (48.8%) relied on external on-call interpreters, and 2,062 (39.8%) relied on both. CONCLUSIONS Most mental health facilities provide non-English language services, and those that do tend to be large public organizations located in areas of greatest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronimus Loho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (all authors); New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut (Rosenheck)
| | - Robert A Rosenheck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (all authors); New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut (Rosenheck)
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Kairys A, Daugherty A, Kavcic V, Shair S, Persad C, Heidebrink J, Bhaumik A, Giordani B. Laptop-Administered NIH Toolbox and Cogstate Brief Battery in Community-Dwelling Black Adults: Unexpected Pattern of Cognitive Performance between MCI and Healthy Controls. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:239-48. [PMID: 33752763 DOI: 10.1017/S135561772100028X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black adults are approximately twice as likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) than non-Hispanic Whites and access diagnostic services later in their illness. This dictates the need to develop assessments that are cost-effective, easily administered, and sensitive to preclinical stages of AD, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Two computerized cognitive batteries, NIH Toolbox-Cognition and Cogstate Brief Battery, have been developed. However, utility of these measures for clinical characterization remains only partially determined. We sought to determine the convergent validity of these computerized measures in relation to consensus diagnosis in a sample of MCI and healthy controls (HC). METHOD Participants were community-dwelling Black adults who completed the neuropsychological battery and other Uniform Data Set (UDS) forms from the AD centers program for consensus diagnosis (HC = 61; MCI = 43) and the NIH Toolbox-Cognition and Cogstate batteries. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine which cognitive tests best differentiated the groups. RESULTS NIH Toolbox crystallized measures, Oral Reading and Picture Vocabulary, were the most sensitive in identifying MCI apart from HC. Secondarily, deficits in memory and executive subtests were also predictive. UDS neuropsychological test analyses showed the expected pattern of memory and executive functioning tests differentiating MCI from HC. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectation, NIH Toolbox crystallized abilities appeared preferentially sensitive to diagnostic group differences. This study highlights the importance of further research into the validity and clinical utility of computerized neuropsychological tests within ethnic minority populations.
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Douglass CH, Lim MSC, Block K, Onsando G, Hellard M, Higgs P, Livingstone C, Horyniak D. Exploring stigma associated with mental health conditions and alcohol and other drug use among people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds: a protocol for a systematic review of qualitative studies. Syst Rev 2022; 11:12. [PMID: 35042545 PMCID: PMC8767730 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is a social process that impedes access to support for mental health conditions and alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, particularly for people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds. There is limited understanding, however, of people's experiences of stigma, the underlying drivers, intersections with ethnicity, gender, and citizenship status, and how powerful discourses and social institutions create and perpetuate systems of stigma. This review aims to synthesise and critically analyse qualitative evidence to understand how stigma associated with mental health conditions and AOD use operates among people from migrant and ethnic minority groups. METHODS Qualitative evidence will be identified using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Sociological Abstracts. Two reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full-text articles. Eligible studies will include original, empirical, peer-reviewed qualitative evidence, published in English since 1990. Studies must examine stigma in relation to mental health conditions, illicit drug use or alcohol consumption among participants who are from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds. Studies will be critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for qualitative studies and the level of confidence in the findings will be assessed using Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research. Data will be analysed using the 'best fit' framework synthesis approach, drawing on the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework. DISCUSSION This review will provide an in-depth understanding of the stigma associated with mental health conditions and AOD use among people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds. The findings will inform culturally responsive interventions that aim to reduce the negative impact of stigma on individuals, families and communities. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021204057.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin H Douglass
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Megan S C Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Block
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald Onsando
- Melbourne School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Higgs
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Public Health Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Livingstone
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Horyniak
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Petersen CCM, Bilbo REQ, Damsted Rasmussen T, Ekstrøm CT, Villadsen SF. Knowledge About How to Manage Warning Signs of Pregnancy Complications Among Immigrants and Their Descendants Compared to Women of Danish Origin. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:1367-1374. [PMID: 35000071 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ethnic differences in perinatal morbidity and mortality are starting points for social inequality in health. Increased incidence and severity of some pregnancy complications are found among immigrant women compared to ethnic majority women in high-income settings. However, little is known about immigrant women's assessment and management of warning signs. We aimed to assess women's knowledge about how to manage warning signs of pregnancy complications among immigrants and their descendants compared to women of Danish origin. METHODS A cross-sectional study including phone-based interviews with 1899 women. Women were interviewed during gestational week 30-37 in one of six languages. Maternal ethnicity was categorized as; immigrants, their descendants and ethnic Danes. The outcomes were yes or no to; do you know what to do if you experience 1) sudden swelling, redness, and heat in one leg 2) severe headache and 3) vaginal bleeding. RESULTS Immigrant women had lower levels of knowledge about how to manage all three types of warning signs of pregnancy complications compared to women of Danish origin. Adjusted OR for vaginal bleeding for women of European (4.33, 95% CI: 2.24-8.37), Asian (9.26, 95% CI: 5.10-16.83) and African (8.66, 95% CI: 3.26-23.05) origin. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Immigrant women had lower levels of knowledge about how to manage warning signs of pregnancy complications compared to women of Danish origin. Improved needs-based health education in pregnancy complications and body symptoms during antenatal care is needed to address delays in the management of complications and could potentially improve the health of women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Christine Mosborg Petersen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Post box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Elisabeth Qwist Bilbo
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Post box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Trine Damsted Rasmussen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Post box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Claus Thorn Ekstrøm
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Post box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Sarah Fredsted Villadsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Post box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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43
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Kragelund K, Ekholm O, Larsen CVL, Christensen AI. Prevalence and Trends in Problem Gambling in Denmark with Special Focus on Country of Origin: Results from the Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys. J Gambl Stud 2022; 38:1157-1171. [PMID: 34988759 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Belonging to an ethnic minority has been described as a possible risk factor for problem gambling, but the literature is inconclusive whether this association is true or just a proxy for other underlying risk factors. Hence, the aims were to investigate: (1) past year prevalence of problem gambling in the adult Danish population and trends since 2005, (2) past year prevalence of problem gambling in 2017 and trends since 2010 by country of origin, and (3) whether a marginalisation by country of origin or problem gambling, respectively, is seen in various health-related indicators. Data were derived from the Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys in 2005, 2010, 2013, and 2017. The Lie/Bet Questionnaire was used to define problem gamblers. The overall prevalence of past year problem gambling has increased slightly from 2005 (1.0%) to 2017 (1.5%), but a more alarming increase was observed among men with non-western origin (3.1% in 2010 and 7.0% in 2017). A lower prevalence of good self-rated health and a higher prevalence of poor mental health was observed among individuals with a non-western origin compared to those with a Danish origin, although the differences became smaller between 2010 and 2017. The findings indicate a slightly increase in the prevalence of past year problem gambling and that particular attention should be paid to individuals with a non-western origin. The study also highlights the need for better differentiation of risk factors that may variously predispose different ethnic groups to develop gambling problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Kragelund
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ola Ekholm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Christina V L Larsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Anne I Christensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Vitman-Schorr A, Khalaila R. Utilization of ADCCs and quality of life among older adults: ethno-regional disparities in Israel. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 34979954 PMCID: PMC8722010 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult day care centers (ADCCs) are a common service provided for frail older adults in the community. We examined the influence of older adults’ utilization of ADCC’s on their quality of life (QoL), and whether ethno-regional disparities are factors in the gaps found concerning QoL in different regions and between different ethnic groups. Methods Cross sectional data were collected through structured interviews with 360 older adults attending ADCCs. Participants represented three ethnic groups and three regions in Israel. QoL was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire. Results The results revealed a positive correlation between weekly hours at the ADCC, satisfaction with attending ADCC, and QoL. Older adults living in the central region had higher QoL than those living in the southern and northern regions. Veteran Israeli Jews reported higher QoL than FSU immigrants Israeli Arabs in all regions. Connection to one’s residential area was also correlated with QoL. A significant moderating effect of the interaction (ethnicity*area of residence) on QoL was also revealed. Conclusions Attending ADCC is a vital community services to promote QoL in later life. Gaps in ADCC utilization between ethnic groups and residential region may cause disparities in QoL, specifically, in minority groups and those living in peripheral regions. Service providers should minimize the disparities by improving accessibility and availability for each person regardless of ethnicity and region of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Vitman-Schorr
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Israel, 1290000, Kazrin, Israel.
| | - Rabia Khalaila
- Zefat Academic College, 11 Jerusalem St., P.O.B. 160, 13206, Zefat, Israel
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45
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Ouni I, Jebali R, Amar S, Mansour L. Correlation between facial measurements and vertical dimension of occlusion among Tunisian populations: An anthropometric study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2022; 16:87-90. [PMID: 36561378 PMCID: PMC9763665 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Establishing an accurate occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is a crucial clinical step during full-mouth rehabilitation. Various techniques have been suggested to evaluate OVD, but none of them is practically reliable, and each one has its shortcomings. The correlation between facial proportions and the lower third of the face is a reliable method but needs to be verified in many ethnic groups. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between OVD and various facial measurements in a Tunisian ethnic group. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 to January 2021. The participants were randomly selected from dental students, dental surgeons, and the patients referring to the University Dental Clinic for dental treatments. Seven facial measurements were clinically recorded using a digital caliper. The correlation between OVD and facial measurements was analyzed using Spearman's coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results. A total of 201 dentate participants (134 females and 67 males) were included in the study. The mean OVD in male subjects was higher (67.60±4.49) compared to female subjects (60.72±3.84). The total facial height was positively correlated with OVD in both genders. OVD was statistically correlated with the height of the upper lip. This correlation was highly significant in males while it was weak in the female group. Conclusion. Facial proportions and linear equations are non-invasive, simple, and reliable methods to predict OVD, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Ouni
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia,Corresponding author: Imed Ouni,
| | | | - Sinda Amar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Mansour
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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Riandini T, Pang D, Toh MPHS, Tan CS, Choong AMTL, Lo ZJ, Chandrasekar S, Tai ES, Tan KB, Venkataraman K. National Rates of Lower Extremity Amputation in People With and Without Diabetes in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population: a Ten Year Study in Singapore. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 63:147-155. [PMID: 34916107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Population level data from Asia on amputation rates in people with and without diabetes are extremely limited. Hence it is unclear how the rising diabetes prevalence in Asia has affected the amputation burden. The present study examined national amputation rates in people with and without diabetes in Singapore from 2008 to 2017 in the context of increasing diabetes prevalence and health system changes. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study using national population data for ages 16 - 100 years obtained from the Ministry of Health Singapore administrative datasets. Age sex standardised major and toe/ray amputation rates per 100 000 people with diabetes and per 100 000 people without diabetes were calculated. Rates were calculated overall and in each ethnic group (Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others), with trends over time calculated using joinpoint trend analysis. In addition, age specific rates, relative risk (RR) of amputation in diabetics compared with non-diabetics and proportion of amputations in the population attributable to diabetes were also calculated. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2017, the database included 3.6 million unique individuals, of whom 75% were Chinese, 8.6% Malay, 7.9% Indian, and 8.4% Others. Of those, 413 486 (11%) had diabetes. Major amputation rates in people with diabetes remained stable (2008: 99.5/100 000; 2017: 95.0/100 000 people with diabetes, p = .91) as did toe/ray amputation rates. Rates in people without diabetes were substantially lower, with major amputation rates decreasing significantly (2008: 3.0/100 000; 2017: 2.1/100 000 people without diabetes, 3% annual reduction, p = .048). Diabetes related amputation rates were highest in Malays and lowest in Chinese. Diabetes related major amputation rates declined significantly among Chinese (3.1% annual reduction, p < .038). While the RR for amputations in diabetes remained stable, the proportion of major amputations attributable to diabetes increased from 63.6% in 2008 to 81.7% in 2017 (3% annual increase, p = .003). CONCLUSION Diabetes related major and toe/ray amputation rates have remained stable but relatively high in Singapore compared with other countries, and the proportion of amputations attributable to diabetes has increased over time. More research is needed to understand the aetiopathological, sociocultural, and health system factors that may underlie the continued high rates of diabetes related amputations in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Riandini
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Deanette Pang
- Policy Research & Evaluation Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Matthias P H S Toh
- National Public Health and Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chuen S Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Andrew M T L Choong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhiwen J Lo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sadhana Chandrasekar
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kelvin B Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Policy Research & Evaluation Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kavita Venkataraman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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O'Connor M, Lee A. The health impacts of dowry abuse on South Asian communities in Australia. Med J Aust 2021; 216:11-13. [PMID: 34854086 PMCID: PMC9299937 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjula O'Connor
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
| | - Amanda Lee
- Harmony Alliance, Migration Council Australia, Canberra, ACT
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Zein S, Al-Awaida WJ, Yuldasheva OM, Khakimov AS, Chibisov SM, Gushchina Y, Al Bawareed OA, Torshin VI, Yakunin ЕВ, Al-Ameer HJ, Podoprigora IV. Influence of geographic conditions on body length of male newborns in Kyrgyzstan. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:2053-2057. [PMID: 34228209 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Newborn length has been reported by many researchers to be reduced at high altitudes. However, many of these studies lacked adequate control of the ethnic group which may be confounding the altitude differences. In addition, few studies have examined the sources of variation in birth weight at high altitudes that may be related to ethnic group adaptation to the stresses of this hypoxic environment. In our study, we tested the hypotheses that the effect of altitude differences in newborn length depends on ethnic variation. Samples of 3359 healthy male newborns from different areas in Kyrgyzstan between the years 2003 and 2011 were analyzed for altitude and ethnic variation on male newborn length. Our results indicate significant decrease in male newborn length as a latitude increase. It is concluded that ethnic group difference in pregnancy outcome reflects a better state of adaptation to high altitude in this healthy indigenous population and that long-term genetic selection may be the most plausible explanation for these ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Zein
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan.
| | - Wajdy J Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan
| | - Olga M Yuldasheva
- Department of Zoology and Ecology at Osh State University, Osh Interregional Children's Hospital, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrey S Khakimov
- Department of Zoology and Ecology at Osh State University, Osh Interregional Children's Hospital, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Sergey M Chibisov
- Department of Pathology Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Gushchina
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Omar A Al Bawareed
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Torshin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Еlena В Yakunin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan
| | - Irina V Podoprigora
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
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Matti B, Xia W, van der Werf B, Zargar-Shoshtari K. Age-Adjusted Reference Values for Prostate Specific Antigen - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021:S1558-7673(21)00230-5. [PMID: 34969631 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically evaluates the evidence on ethnic differences in age-adjusted reference values of PSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS In concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement, a review of English articles using Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, from inception to December 2019 was conducted. Studies that reported the PSA upper reference value as 95th percentile of the cohort distribution, in healthy men aged 40 to 79, were included. Methodological quality was assessed with a modified version of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS Forty-three studies examining 325,514 participants were included in the analysis. These were published between 1993 and 2018. Majority were prospective observational studies and reported the reference values in ten-year age intervals. Only five reports directly compared ethnic differences in PSA values. Due to missing data, six studies were not considered in the quantitative synthesis. For the remainder (37/43), heterogeneity in PSA reference values was considerable (Higgin's index = 99.2%), with age and ethnicity being the sole identified significant contributors. Accordingly, the pooled upper limits for PSA reference values were 2.1, 3.2, 4.9 and 6.5 ng/ml for men in their 40 s, 50 s, 60 s, and 70 s, respectively. CONCLUSION Moderate quality evidence suggest that upper PSA reference limits increased with age and significant ethnic differences were present.
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Schilling S, Mebane A, Perreira KM. Cultural Adaptation of Group Parenting Programs: Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Best Practices. Fam Process 2021; 60:1134-1151. [PMID: 33908027 PMCID: PMC8551301 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Group parenting programs based on cognitive-behavioral and social learning principles are effective in improving child behavior problems and positive parenting. However, most programs target non-Hispanic, White, English-speaking families and are largely inaccessible to a growing Hispanic and non-White population in the United States. We sought to examine the extent to which researchers have culturally adapted group parenting programs by conducting a systematic review of the literature. We identified 41 articles on 23 distinct culturally adapted programs. Most cultural adaptations focused on language translation and staffing, with less focus on modification of concepts and methods, and on optimizing the fit between the target cultural group and the program goals. Only one of the adapted programs engaged a framework to systematically record and publish the adaptation process. Fewer than half of the culturally adapted programs were rigorously evaluated. Additional investment in cultural adaptation and subsequent evaluation of parenting programs is critical to meet the needs of all US families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schilling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; USA
| | - Alexander Mebane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; USA
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; USA
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