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Gavage M, Delahaut P, Gillard N. Suitability of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Routine Analysis of Small Molecules in Food, Feed and Water for Safety and Authenticity Purposes: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:601. [PMID: 33809149 PMCID: PMC7998992 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, food, feed and environmental analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry became increasingly popular. Recent accessibility and technological improvements of this system make it a potential tool for routine laboratory work. However, this kind of instrument is still often considered a research tool. The wide range of potential contaminants and residues that must be monitored, including pesticides, veterinary drugs and natural toxins, is steadily increasing. Thanks to full-scan analysis and the theoretically unlimited number of compounds that can be screened in a single analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry is particularly well-suited for food, feed and water analysis. This review aims, through a series of relevant selected studies and developed methods dedicated to the different classes of contaminants and residues, to demonstrate that high-resolution mass spectrometry can reach detection levels in compliance with current legislation and is a versatile and appropriate tool for routine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Delahaut
- CER Groupe, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium; (M.G.); (N.G.)
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Blanz J, Williams G, Dayer J, Délémonté T, Gertsch W, Ramstein P, Aichholz R, Trunzer M, Pearson D. Evaluation of relative MS response factors of drug metabolites for semi-quantitative assessment of chemical liabilities in drug discovery. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:210-217. [PMID: 28152561 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug metabolism studies are performed in drug discovery to identify metabolic soft spots, detect potentially toxic or reactive metabolites and provide an early insight into potential species differences. The relative peak area approach is often used to semi-quantitatively estimate the abundance of metabolites. Differences in the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry responses result in an underestimation or overestimation of the metabolite and misinterpretation of results. The relative MS response factors (RF) of 132 structurally diverse drug candidates and their 233 corresponding metabolites were evaluated using a capillary-liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry system. All of the synthesized metabolites discussed here were previously identified as key biotransformation products in discovery investigations or predicted to be formed. The most commonly occurring biotransformation mechanisms such as oxygenation, dealkylation and amide cleavage are represented within this dataset. However, relatively few phase II metabolites were evaluated because of the limited availability of authentic standards. Approximately 85% of these metabolites had a relative RF in the range between 0.2 (fivefold under-prediction) and 2.0 (twofold over-prediction), and the median MS RF was 0.6. Exceptions to this included very small metabolites that were hardly detectable. Additional experiments performed to understand the impact of the MS platform, flow rate and concentration suggested that these parameters do not have a significant impact on the RF of the compounds tested. This indicates that the use of relative peak areas to semi-quantitatively estimate the abundance of metabolites is justified in the drug discovery setting in order to guide medicinal chemistry efforts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Blanz
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Gareth Williams
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Jerôme Dayer
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Délémonté
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Werner Gertsch
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ramstein
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Reiner Aichholz
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Markus Trunzer
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - David Pearson
- DMPK, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland
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Introduction of a routine quan/qual approach into research DMPK: experiences and evolving strategies. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:3337-48. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After graduating with an Oceanography degree from Swansea University, Lloyd has spent over 20 years in the field of bioanalysis and metabolite profiling. He started his career in large pharma at Wyeth UK, where he was involved in setting up the first GC and LC–MS/MS systems for both QC and early DMPK assays, employing EI/CI, thermospray, and the then new electrospray ionization techniques. Lloyd then joined Celltech, now UCB, where he is primarily tasked with metabolite profiling by LC–MS and NMR to support both early research projects and late-stage clinical studies. The application of liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantitative and qualitative (quan/qual) analysis has gained momentum across a range of different scientific arenas in recent years. The ability to acquire high quality quantitative data, whilst also capturing qualitative data for either parallel or retrospective analysis, is a powerful resource, especially in view of ever-reducing cycle times, laboratory space and budgets. The quan/qual approach employing a Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer has been successfully introduced into UCB's research DMPK department. This article describes our experiences in introducing quan/qual, issues that we discovered in establishing this new working paradigm, the evolution of the strategy and its future potential.
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