1
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Zhang D, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Effects of Salt Stress on Salt-Repellent and Salt-Secreting Characteristics of Two Apple Rootstocks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1046. [PMID: 38611575 PMCID: PMC11013418 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The effects of NaCl-induced salinity on biomass allocation, anatomical characteristics of leaves, ion accumulation, salt repellency, and salt secretion ability were investigated in two apple rootstock cultivars (Malus halliana '9-1-6' and Malus baccata), which revealed the physiological adaptive mechanisms of M. halliana '9-1-6' in response to salt stress factors. This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a nutrient solution pot. Salt stress was simulated by treating the plants with a 100 mM NaCl solution, while 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution was used as a control (CK) instead of the NaCl solution. The results showed that the two rootstocks responded to salt environments by increasing the proportion of root biomass allocation. According to the stress susceptibility index, '9-1-6' exhibits a lower salt sensitivity index and a higher salt tolerance index. The thickness of the leaf, upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, and mesophyll tissue compactness (CTR) of the two rootstocks were significantly decreased, while the thickness of sponge tissue and mesophyll tissue looseness (SR) were significantly increased, and the range of '9-1-6' was smaller than that of M. baccata. With an extension of stress time, the accumulation of Na+ increased significantly, and the accumulation of K+ decreased gradually. The stem and leaves of '9-1-6' showed a lower accumulation of Na+ and a higher accumulation of K+, and the roots displayed a higher ability to reject Na+, as well as young and old leaves showed a stronger ability to secrete Na+. In conclusion, within a certain salt concentration range, the '9-1-6' root part can maintain lower salt sensitivity and a higher root-to-shoot ratio by increasing the proportion of root biomass allocation; the aerial part responds to salt stress through thicker leaves and a complete double-layer fence structure; the roots and stem bases can effectively reduce the transportation of Na+ to the aerial parts, as well as effectively secrete Na+ from the aerial parts through young and old leaves, thereby maintaining a higher K+/Na+ ratio in the aerial parts, showing a strong salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (D.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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2
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Atta K, Mondal S, Gorai S, Singh AP, Kumari A, Ghosh T, Roy A, Hembram S, Gaikwad DJ, Mondal S, Bhattacharya S, Jha UC, Jespersen D. Impacts of salinity stress on crop plants: improving salt tolerance through genetic and molecular dissection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1241736. [PMID: 37780527 PMCID: PMC10540871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1241736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Improper use of water resources in irrigation that contain a significant amount of salts, faulty agronomic practices such as improper fertilization, climate change etc. are gradually increasing soil salinity of arable lands across the globe. It is one of the major abiotic factors that inhibits overall plant growth through ionic imbalance, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and reduced nutrient uptake. Plants have evolved with several adaptation strategies at morphological and molecular levels to withstand salinity stress. Among various approaches, harnessing the crop genetic variability across different genepools and developing salinity tolerant crop plants offer the most sustainable way of salt stress mitigation. Some important major genetic determinants controlling salinity tolerance have been uncovered using classical genetic approaches. However, its complex inheritance pattern makes breeding for salinity tolerance challenging. Subsequently, advances in sequence based breeding approaches and functional genomics have greatly assisted in underpinning novel genetic variants controlling salinity tolerance in plants at the whole genome level. This current review aims to shed light on physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses under salt stress, defense mechanisms of plants, underlying genetics of salt tolerance through bi-parental QTL mapping and Genome Wide Association Studies, and implication of Genomic Selection to breed salt tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Atta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptarshi Mondal
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Shouvik Gorai
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Pratap Singh
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
- School of Agriculture, GIET University, Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Tuhina Ghosh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arkaprava Roy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR- National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, India
| | - Suryakant Hembram
- WBAS (Research), Government of West Bengal, Field Crop Research Station, Burdwan, India
| | | | - Subhasis Mondal
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - David Jespersen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
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3
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Mu DW, Feng NJ, Zheng DF, Zhou H, Liu L, Chen GJ, Mu B. Physiological mechanism of exogenous brassinolide alleviating salt stress injury in rice seedlings. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20439. [PMID: 36443368 PMCID: PMC9705366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinolide (BR) is a sterol compound, which can regulate plant seed germination, flowering, senescence, tropism, photosynthesis, stress resistance, and is closely related to other signaling molecules. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of soaking with BR to regulate growth quality at rice seedling stage under salt stress. Results demonstrated that salt stress increases the contents of ROS, MDA, Na+ and ABA, reduces the the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), the effective photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), reduces the biomass production and inhabits plant growth. All of these responses were effectively alleviated by BR soaking treatment. Soaking with BR could increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and the contents of ascorbic acid, glutathione as well as soluble protein and proline, while BR soaking treatment inhibited the accumulation of ROS and reduced the content of MDA. BR soaking significantly reduced the contents of Na+ and increased the contents of K+ and Ca2+, indicating that soaking with BR is beneficial to the excretion of Na+, the absorption of K+ and Ca2+ and the maintenance of ion balance in rice seedlings under salt stress. BR also maintained endogenous hormone balance by increasing the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), and decreasing the ABA content. Soaking with BR significantly increased the SPAD value, Pn and Tr and enhanced the Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of rice seedlings under NaCl stress, protected the photosythetic system of plants, and improved their biomass. It is suggested that BR was beneficial to protect membrane lipid peroxidation, the modulation of antioxidant defense systems, ion balance and endogenous hormonal balance with imposition to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-wei Mu
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjaing, 524088 Guangdong China
| | - Nai-jie Feng
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjaing, 524088 Guangdong China ,grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XShenzhen Reseach Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108 Guangdong China
| | - Dian-feng Zheng
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjaing, 524088 Guangdong China ,grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XShenzhen Reseach Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108 Guangdong China
| | - Hang Zhou
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjaing, 524088 Guangdong China
| | - Ling Liu
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjaing, 524088 Guangdong China
| | - Guan-jie Chen
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjaing, 524088 Guangdong China
| | - BaoMing Mu
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjaing, 524088 Guangdong China
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4
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Chauhan PK, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi M, Singh R, Krishna D, Singh SK, Dwivedi P. Understanding the salinity stress on plant and developing sustainable management strategies mediated salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and CRISPR/Cas9. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-37. [PMID: 36254096 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2131958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide concern that decreases plant growth performance in agricultural fields and contributes to food scarcity. Salt stressors have adverse impacts on the plant's ionic, osmotic, and oxidative balance, as well as numerous physiological functions. Plants have a variety of coping strategies to deal with salt stress, including osmosensing, osmoregulation, ion-homeostasis, increased antioxidant synthesis, and so on. Not only does salt stress cause oxidative stress but also many types of stress do as well, thus plants have an effective antioxidant system to battle the negative effects of excessive reactive oxygen species produced as a result of stress. Rising salinity in the agricultural field affects crop productivity and plant development considerably; nevertheless, plants have a well-known copying mechanism that shields them from salt stress by facilitated production of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, ionhomeostasis, ABAbiosynthesis, and so on. To address this problem, various environment-friendly solutions such as salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, eco-friendly additives, and foliar applications of osmoprotectants/antioxidants are urgently needed. CRISPR/Cas9, a new genetic scissor, has recently been discovered to be an efficient approach for reducing salt stress in plants growing in saline soil. Understanding the processes underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress might lead to more effective crop yield control measures in the future. In order to address this information, the current review discusses recent advances in plant stress mechanisms against salinity stress-mediated antioxidant systems, as well as the development of appropriate long-term strategies for plant growth mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. RamManohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Deeksha Krishna
- College of agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Fiji
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Department of Agri-Business, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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5
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Assessment of Genotype Stress Tolerance as an Effective Way to Sustain Wheat Production under Salinity Stress Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14126973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The creation of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes can provide a basis for sustainable wheat production in areas that are particularly sensitive to the impacts of climate change on soil salinity. This study aimed to select salt-tolerant wheat genotypes that could serve as a genetic resource in breeding for salinity tolerance. A two-year experiment was established with 27 wheat genotypes, grown in salinity stress and non-stress conditions. Agronomic parameters (plant height, spike weight, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, and grain yield/plant) were analyzed in the phenophase of full maturity, while biochemical parameters (DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content) were tested in four phenophases. Grain yield/plant was the most sensitive parameter to salinity, with a 31.5% reduction in value. Selection based on salt tolerance indices (STI, MP, and GMP) favored the selection of the genotypes Renesansa, Harmonija, Orašanka, Bankut 1205, KG-58, and Jugoslavija. Based on YI (1.30) and stability analysis, the genotype Harmonija stands out as the most desirable genotype for cultivation in saline conditions. The presence of positive correlations between grain yield/plant and biochemical parameters, in all phenophases, enables the selection of genotypes with high antioxidant activity and high yield potential, even in the early stages of plant development.
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6
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Ullah A, Bano A, Khan N. Climate Change and Salinity Effects on Crops and Chemical Communication Between Plants and Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms Under Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.618092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades the world has experienced an abrupt change in climate. Both natural and artificial factors are climate change drivers, although the effect of natural factors are lesser than the anthropogenic drivers. These factors have changed the pattern of precipitation resulting in a rise in sea levels, changes in evapotranspiration, occurrence of flood overwintering of pathogens, increased resistance of pests and parasites, and reduced productivity of plants. Although excess CO2 promotes growth of C3 plants, high temperatures reduce the yield of important agricultural crops due to high evapotranspiration. These two factors have an impact on soil salinization and agriculture production, leading to the issue of water and food security. Farmers have adopted different strategies to cope with agriculture production in saline and saline sodic soil. Recently the inoculation of halotolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in saline fields is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to overcome salinity and promote crop growth and yield in saline and saline sodic soil. These halotolerant bacteria synthesize certain metabolites which help crops in adopting a saline condition and promote their growth without any negative effects. There is a complex interkingdom signaling between host and microbes for mutual interaction, which is also influenced by environmental factors. For mutual survival, nature induces a strong positive relationship between host and microbes in the rhizosphere. Commercialization of such PGPR in the form of biofertilizers, biostimulants, and biopower are needed to build climate resilience in agriculture. The production of phytohormones, particularly auxins, have been demonstrated by PGPR, even the pathogenic bacteria and fungi which also modulate the endogenous level of auxins in plants, subsequently enhancing plant resistance to various stresses. The present review focuses on plant-microbe communication and elaborates on their role in plant tolerance under changing climatic conditions.
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7
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Todorova D, Sergiev I, Katerova Z, Shopova E, Dimitrova L, Brankova L. Assessment of the Biochemical Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Soil Drought after Application of Selective Herbicide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:733. [PMID: 33918750 PMCID: PMC8070100 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental constrain with a deleterious effect on plant development leading to a considerable reduction of crop productivity worldwide. Wheat is a relatively drought tolerant crop during the vegetative stage. The herbicide Serrate® (Syngenta) is a preparation containing two active chemical substances with different modes of action, which inhibit the biosynthesis of fatty and amino acids. It is commonly used as a systemic and selective chemical agent to control annual grass and broadleaf weeds in cereal crops and particularly in wheat, which is tolerant to Serrate®. Seventeen-day-old wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Sadovo-1) grown as soil culture under controlled conditions were sprayed with an aqueous solution of Serrate®. Seventy-two hours later the plantlets were subjected to drought stress for seven days to reach a severe water deficit followed by four days of recovery with a normal irrigation regime. Oxidative stress markers, non-enzymatic, and enzymatic antioxidants were analyzed in the leaves of plants from the different treatment groups (herbicide-treated, droughts-stressed, and individuals which were consecutively subjected to both treatments) at 0, 96, and 168 h of drought stress, and after 96 h of recovery. Herbicide treatment did not alter substantially the phenotype and growth parameters of the above-ground plant parts. It provoked a moderate increase in phenolics, thiol-containing compounds, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and H2O2. However, significant variations of malondialdehyde, proline, and peroxidase activity caused by the sole application of the herbicide were not detected during the experimental period. Drought and herbicide + drought treatments caused significant growth inhibition, increased oxidative stress markers, and activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense reaching the highest levels at 168 h of stress. Plant growth was restored after 96 h of recovery and the levels of the monitored biochemical parameters showed a substantial decline. The herbicide provoked an extra load of oxidative stress-related biochemical components which did not aggravate the phenotypic and growth traits of plants subjected to drought, since they exhibited a good physiological status upon recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iskren Sergiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21. 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.T.); (Z.K.); (E.S.); (L.D.); (L.B.)
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8
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Genotypic diversity of quality traits in Chinese foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) and the establishment of a quality evaluation system. Food Chem 2021; 353:129421. [PMID: 33714791 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an important reserve cereal crop, and its nutritional and medicinal properties have seen its demand increase in recent years. Therefore, it is important to establish an evaluation system for the comprehensive assessment of its quality. We assessed 90 accessions of foxtail millet from China for 23 quality traits. The results showed that the 23 quality traits had diverse coefficients of variation, with the greatest variation in a*, phosphorus content, and potassium contents, at 37.71, 28.81, and 20.18%, respectively. Cluster analysis defined five categories that were consistent with the geographical origins of the accessions. Seven principal components were also extracted from the 23 traits using principal component analysis. A comprehensive quality evaluation system was established, and 8 high-quality accessions were identified. The findings of the present study could facilitate the breeding of high-quality foxtail millet and enhance quality evaluation activities.
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9
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Wang M, Ali F, Qi M, Peng Q, Wang M, Bañuelos GS, Miao S, Li Z, Dinh QT, Liang D. Insights into uptake, accumulation, and subcellular distribution of selenium among eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars supplied with selenite and selenate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111544. [PMID: 33254403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-enriched wheat can be improved by altering Se sources and selecting wheat cultivars. Such improvement can affect subcellular distribution and speciation of Se in wheat. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate Se uptake and distribution when Se was applied as selenite or selenate at low and high rates (1 and 10 mg kg-1, respectively). Moreover, Se's impact on the grain and biomass yield of eight wheat cultivars was also investigated. The subcellular distribution and speciation of Se were also explored to elucidate Se metabolism and micro-distribution pattern in wheat. Results showed that biomass and grain yield were decreased with the application of both selenite and selenate in almost all the cultivars, regardless of the Se rate. Application high Se rate resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in grain yield and biomass compared with low rate of Se. Compared with the low rate of selenite application, the grain and the biomass yield of ZM-9023 significantly (p < 0.05) increased by about 15% for low rate of selenate application. In addition, both selenite and selenate treatment increased the uptake of Se in each part of wheat, compared with the control. Selenium was mostly accumulated in the grain and root of wheat under selenite treatment, while more Se accumulation was found in leaves and straw for selenate application. Further investigation on the subcellular distribution of Se showed that the proportion of Se in soluble fraction was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wheat leaves than that in organelle fraction and cell walls (46%-66%). Meanwhile, Se6+ was the main species found in soluble fraction, whereas SeMet and MeSeCys were the species predominantly stored in organelle fraction. In conclusion, wheat cultivar ZM-9023 is the most Se-rich potential cultivar, and the isolation of Se in the soluble fraction plays an important role in Se tolerance and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fayaz Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingxing Qi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Shuyin Miao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801 IL, USA
| | - Quang Toan Dinh
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Center for Monitoring and Environmental Protection Thanh Hoa-Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thanh Hoa, Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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10
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Insights into the Physiological and Biochemical Impacts of Salt Stress on Plant Growth and Development. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10070938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world. The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by multiple biochemical and molecular pathways. Here we discuss physiological, biochemical, and cellular modulations in plants in response to salt stress. Knowledge of these modulations can assist in assessing salt tolerance potential and the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in plants. Salinity-induced cellular damage is highly correlated with generation of reactive oxygen species, ionic imbalance, osmotic damage, and reduced relative water content. Accelerated antioxidant activities and osmotic adjustment by the formation of organic and inorganic osmolytes are significant and effective salinity tolerance mechanisms for crop plants. In addition, polyamines improve salt tolerance by regulating various physiological mechanisms, including rhizogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, maintenance of cell pH, and ionic homeostasis. This research project focuses on three strategies to augment salinity tolerance capacity in agricultural crops: salinity-induced alterations in signaling pathways; signaling of phytohormones, ion channels, and biosensors; and expression of ion transporter genes in crop plants (especially in comparison to halophytes).
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11
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Wang M, Ali F, Wang M, Dinh QT, Zhou F, Bañuelos GS, Liang D. Understanding boosting selenium accumulation in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following foliar selenium application at different stages, forms, and doses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:717-728. [PMID: 31808088 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There are a lack of systematic studies comparing the effects of foliar-applied selenium (Se) with different Se sources at different growth stages in wheat. Herein, we biofortified wheat via the foliar application of selenite and selenate at different rates and different stages under field conditions. Results showed that foliar-applied selenate and selenite had no significant effect either on wheat biomass or grain yield (p < 0.05). Selenium distribution in different parts of wheat plant ranked decrease as leaf > root > grain > glume > stem with selenite treatment, and it appeared in the decline order as leaf > grain > glume > stem > root with selenate treatment. These results suggested that biofortification with selenate caused, relatively to selenite, a higher accumulation of Se in grains. Foliar application of Se of either selenate or selenite at pre-filling stage was superior in improving the Se concentration of wheat grains than application at pre-flowering stage. Meanwhile, organic Se comprised about 72-93% of total Se in wheat grains, which was reduced by 5.8% at high Se rate (100 g ha-1), irrespective of the forms of Se or stages applied. The organic Se proportion in wheat grains was 9% higher with the selenate treatment than with the selenite treatment. Selenomethionine (SeMet) was the main organic species (67-86%) in wheat grains, followed by selenocysteine (SeCys2). In summary, our results indicate that Se biofortification of wheat is most effective with 20 g ha-1 selenate foliar-applied at pre-filling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fayaz Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quang Toan Dinh
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, 93648-9757, USA
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Mbarki S, Sytar O, Zivcak M, Abdelly C, Cerda A, Brestic M. Anthocyanins of Coloured Wheat Genotypes in Specific Response to SalStress. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071518. [PMID: 29937495 PMCID: PMC6100425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of salt stress on the development of adaptive responses and growth parameters of different coloured wheat genotypes. The different coloured wheat genotypes have revealed variation in the anthocyanin content, which may affect the development of adaptive responses under increasing salinity stress. In the early stage of treatment with salt at a lower NaCl concentration (100 mM), anthocyanins and proline accumulate, which shows rapid development of the stress reaction. A dose-dependent increase in flavonol content was observed for wheat genotypes with more intense purple-blue pigmentation after treatment with 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl. The content of Na+ and K+ obtained at different levels of salinity based on dry weight (DW) was more than 3 times greater than the control, with a significant increase of both ions under salt stress. Overall, our results demonstrated that coloured wheat genotypes with high anthocyanin content are able to maintain significantly higher dry matter production after salt stress treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mbarki
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), BP 10, Aryanah 2080, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Plant Extremophiles, Biotechnology Center at the Technopark of Borj-Cedria Tunisia, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia.
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Kiev National University of Taras Shevchenko, Volodymyrska St, 64, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Plant Extremophiles, Biotechnology Center at the Technopark of Borj-Cedria Tunisia, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia.
| | - Artemio Cerda
- Departament of Geografy, University of València, Blasco Ibàñez, 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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