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Watanabe H, Wang TY, Ando H, Mizushina H, Morita T, Emoto M, Hatada T, Bando T, Ujike H. Visually induced symptoms questionnaire (VISQ): A subjective evaluation method for biomedical effects induced by stereoscopic 3D video. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 117:104238. [PMID: 38316071 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to establish an easy-to-use questionnaire for subjective evaluations of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) and visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic 3D (s3D) images. We reviewed previously used questionnaires and extracted 51 important subjective evaluation items from them. We then recruited 251 participants to observe 3D images designed to easily induce sickness or visual fatigue, and we asked them to respond to the 51 items. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted according to their factor loadings, and the number of items was reduced to 21. Further processing by confirmatory factor analysis led to the selection of 15 items. Comparing mean ratings for each factor before and after item reduction indicated that item reduction did not significantly affect the participant responses. Therefore, the 15-item Visually Induced Symptoms Questionnaire (VISQ), can be used to evaluate VIMS and s3D visual fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Tzu-Yang Wang
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan; Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 3-5 Hikaridai, Seika-cho Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0289, Japan
| | - Haruki Mizushina
- Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima City, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiya Morita
- NHK Engineering System, 1-10-11 Kinuta, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Emoto
- Okayama University of Science, 1-1, Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Hatada
- Tokyo Polytechnic University, 5-45-1 Iiyamaminami, Atsugi City, Kanagawa, 243-0297, Japan
| | - Takehiko Bando
- Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ujike
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan; Tokyo Information Design University, 2-7-1 Komatsugawa, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0034, Japan
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Low Cost MR Compatible Haptic Stimulation with Application to fMRI Neurofeedback. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110790. [PMID: 33126691 PMCID: PMC7692267 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common feedback displays in the fMRI environment are visual, e.g., in which participants try to increase or decrease the level of a thermometer. However, haptic feedback is increasingly valued in computer interaction tasks, particularly for real-time fMRI feedback. fMRI-neurofeedback is a clinical intervention that has not yet taken advantage of this trend. Here we describe a low-cost, user-friendly, MR-compatible system that can provide graded haptic vibrotactile stimulation in an initial application to fMRI neurofeedback. We also present a feasibility demonstration showing that we could successfully set up the system and obtain data in the context of a neurofeedback paradigm. We conclude that vibrotactile stimulation using this low-cost system is a viable method of feedback presentation, and encourage neurofeedback researchers to incorporate this type of feedback into their studies.
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