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Tornaci S, Erginer M, Bulut U, Sener B, Persilioglu E, Kalaycilar İB, Celik EG, Yardibi H, Siyah P, Karakurt O, Cirpan A, Gokalsin B, Senisik AM, Barlas FB. Innovative Fluorescent Polymers in Niosomal Carriers: A Novel Approach to Enhancing Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400343. [PMID: 39221746 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is anticipated to become the pioneer reason of disease-related deaths worldwide in the next two decades, underscoring the urgent need for personalized and adaptive treatment strategies. These strategies are crucial due to the high variability in drug efficacy and the tendency of cancer cells to develop resistance. This study investigates the potential of theranostic nanotechnology using three innovative fluorescent polymers (FP-1, FP-2, and FP-3) encapsulated in niosomal carriers, combining therapy (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) with fluorescence imaging. These cargoes are assessed for their cytotoxic effects across three cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and HOb), with further analysis to determine their capacity to augment the effects of radiotherapy using a Linear Accelerator (LINAC) at specific doses. Fluorescence microscopy is utilized to verify their uptake and localization in cancerous versus healthy cell lines. The results confirmed that these niosomal cargoes not only improved the antiproliferative effects of radiotherapy but also demonstrate the practical application of fluorescent polymers in in vitro imaging. This dual function underscores the importance of dose optimization to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse effects, thereby enhancing the overall efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selay Tornaci
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Enginering, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Merve Erginer
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, Istanbul Univeristy-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Applications Center of Excellence, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Umut Bulut
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
| | - Beste Sener
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Elifsu Persilioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, 34734, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bergutay Kalaycilar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Hasret Yardibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
| | - Pinar Siyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Karakurt
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Baris Gokalsin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Murat Senisik
- Vocational School of Health Services, Altınbas University, Istanbul, 34217, Turkey
| | - Firat Baris Barlas
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, Istanbul Univeristy-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Applications Center of Excellence, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
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2
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Clements N, Esplen N, Bateman J, Robertson C, Dosanjh M, Korysko P, Farabolini W, Corsini R, Bazalova-Carter M. Mini-GRID radiotherapy on the CLEAR very-high-energy electron beamline: collimator optimization, film dosimetry, and Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055003. [PMID: 38295408 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Spatially-fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) delivered with a very-high-energy electron (VHEE) beam and a mini-GRID collimator was investigated to achieve synergistic normal tissue-sparing through spatial fractionation and the FLASH effect.Approach.A tungsten mini-GRID collimator for delivering VHEE SFRT was optimized using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs), depths of convergence (DoCs, PVDR ≤ 1.1), and peak and valley doses in a water phantom from a simulated 150 MeV VHEE source were evaluated. Collimator thickness, hole width, and septal width were varied to determine an optimal value for each parameter that maximized PVDR and DoC. The optimized collimator (20 mm thick rectangular prism with a 15 mm × 15 mm face with a 7 × 7 array of 0.5 mm holes separated by 1.1 mm septa) was 3D-printed and used for VHEE irradiations with the CERN linear electron accelerator for research beam. Open beam and mini-GRID irradiations were performed at 140, 175, and 200 MeV and dose was recorded with radiochromic films in a water tank. PVDR, central-axis (CAX) and valley dose rates and DoCs were evaluated.Main results.Films demonstrated peak and valley dose rates on the order of 100 s of MGy/s, which could promote FLASH-sparing effects. Across the three energies, PVDRs of 2-4 at 13 mm depth and DoCs between 39 and 47 mm were achieved. Open beam and mini-GRID MC simulations were run to replicate the film results at 200 MeV. For the mini-GRID irradiations, the film CAX dose was on average 15% higher, the film valley dose was 28% higher, and the film PVDR was 15% lower than calculated by MC.Significance.Ultimately, the PVDRs and DoCs were determined to be too low for a significant potential for SFRT tissue-sparing effects to be present, particularly at depth. Further beam delivery optimization and investigations of new means of spatial fractionation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Clements
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Nolan Esplen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Bateman
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Manjit Dosanjh
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Korysko
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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Clements N, Esplen N, Bazalova-Carter M. A feasibility study of ultra-high dose rate mini-GRID therapy using very-high-energy electron beams for a simulated pediatric brain case. Phys Med 2023; 112:102637. [PMID: 37454482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high dose rate (UHDR, >40 Gy/s), spatially-fractionated minibeam GRID (mini-GRID) therapy using very-high-energy electrons (VHEE) was investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Multi-directional VHEE treatments with and without mini-GRID-fractionation were compared to a clinical 6 MV volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan for a pediatric glioblastoma patient using dose-volume histograms, volume-averaged dose rates in critical patient structures, and planning target volume D98s. Peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs) and dose rates in organs at risk (OARs) were evaluated due to their relevance for normal-tissue sparing in FLASH and spatially-fractionated techniques. Depths of convergence, defined where the PVDR is first ≤1.1, and depths at which dose rates fall below the UHDR threshold were also evaluated. In a water phantom, the VHEE mini-GRID treatments presented a surface (5 mm depth) PVDR of (51±2) and a depth of convergence of 42 mm at 150 MeV and a surface PVDR of (33±1) with a depth of convergence of 57 mm at 250 MeV. For a pediatric GBM case, VHEE treatments without mini-GRID-fractionation produced 25% and 22% lower volume-averaged doses to OARs compared to the 6 MV VMAT plan and 8/9 and 9/9 of the patient structures were exposed to volume-averaged dose rates >40 Gy/s for the 150 MeV and 250 MeV plans, respectively. The 150 MeV and 250 MeV mini-GRID treatments produced 17% and 38% higher volume-averaged doses to OARs and 3/9 patient structures had volume-averaged dose rates above 40 Gy/s. VHEE mini-GRID plans produced many comparable dose metrics to the clinical VMAT plan, encouraging further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Clements
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Nolan Esplen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Clements N, Bazalova-Carter M, Esplen N. Monte Carlo optimization of a GRID collimator for preclinical megavoltage ultra-high dose rate spatially-fractionated radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8c1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. A 2-dimensional pre-clinical SFRT (GRID) collimator was designed for use on the ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) 10 MV ARIEL beamline at TRIUMF. TOPAS Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine optimal collimator geometry with respect to various dosimetric quantities. Approach. The GRID-averaged peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) and mean dose rate of the peaks were investigated with the intent of maximizing both values in a given design. The effects of collimator thickness, focus position, septal width, and hole width on these metrics were found by testing a range of values for each parameter on a cylindrical GRID collimator. For each tested collimator geometry, photon beams with energies of 10, 5, and 1 MV were transported through the collimator and dose rates were calculated at various depths in a water phantom located 1.0 cm from the collimator exit. Main results. In our optimization, hole width proved to be the only collimator parameter which increased both PVDR and peak dose rates. From the optimization results, it was determined that our optimized design would be one which achieves the maximum dose rate for a PVDR
≥
5
at 10 MV. Ultimately, this was achieved using a collimator with a thickness of 75 mm, 0.8 mm septal and hole widths, and a focus position matched to the beam divergence. This optimized collimator maintained the PVDR of 5 in the phantom between water depths of 0–10 cm at 10 MV and had a mean peak dose rate of
3.06
±
0.02
Gy
s
−
1
at 0–1 cm depth. Significance. We have investigated the impact of various GRID-collimator design parameters on the dose rate and spatial fractionation of 10, 5, and 1 MV photon beams. The optimized collimator design for the 10 MV ultra-high dose rate photon beam could become a useful tool for radiobiology studies synergizing the effects of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) delivery and spatial fractionation.
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Ruzgys P, Navickaitė D, Palepšienė R, Uždavinytė D, Barauskaitė N, Novickij V, Girkontaitė I, Šitkauskienė B, Šatkauskas S. Induction of Bystander and Abscopal Effects after Electroporation-Based Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3770. [PMID: 35954434 PMCID: PMC9367330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation-based antitumor therapies, including bleomycin electrotransfer, calcium electroporation, and irreversible electroporation, are very effective on directly treated tumors, but have no or low effect on distal nodules. In this study, we aimed to investigate the abscopal effect following calcium electroporation and bleomycin electrotransfer and to find out the effect of the increase of IL-2 serum concentration by muscle transfection. The bystander effect was analyzed in in vitro studies on 4T1tumor cells, while abscopal effect was investigated in an in vivo setting using Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors. ELISA was used to monitor IL-2 serum concentration. We showed that, similarly to cell treatment with bleomycin electrotransfer, the bystander effect occurs also following calcium electroporation and that these effects can be combined. Combination of these treatments also resulted in the enhancement of the abscopal effect in vivo. Since these treatments resulted in an increase of IL-2 serum concentration only in mice bearing one but not two tumors, we increased IL-2 serum concentration by muscle transfection. Although this did not enhance the abscopal effect of combined tumor treatment using calcium electroporation and bleomycin electrotransfer, boosting of IL-2 serum concentration had a significant inhibitory effect on directly treated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Diana Navickaitė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Rūta Palepšienė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Dovilė Uždavinytė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Neringa Barauskaitė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Brigita Šitkauskienė
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
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Jokar S, Marques IA, Khazaei S, Martins-Marques T, Girao H, Laranjo M, Botelho MF. The Footprint of Exosomes in the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060243. [PMID: 35735486 PMCID: PMC9220715 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used as the primary treatment option for several cancer types. However, radiation therapy is a nonspecific method and associated with significant challenges such as radioresistance and non-targeted effects. The radiation-induced non-targeted effects on nonirradiated cells nearby are known as bystander effects, while effects far from the ionising radiation-exposed cells are known as abscopal effects. These effects are presented as a consequence of intercellular communications. Therefore, a better understanding of the involved intercellular signals may bring promising new strategies for radiation risk assessment and potential targets for developing novel radiotherapy strategies. Recent studies indicate that radiation-derived extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a vital role in intercellular communications and may result in radioresistance and non-targeted effects. This review describes exosome biology, intercellular interactions, and response to different environmental stressors and diseases, and focuses on their role as functional mediators in inducing radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Jokar
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+927, Iran;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês A. Marques
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Saeedeh Khazaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+927, Iran;
| | - Tania Martins-Marques
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girao
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.M.); (M.L.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.M.-M.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Hansda S, Ghosh R. Bystander effect of ultraviolet A radiation protects A375 melanoma cells by induction of antioxidant defense. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 40:46-67. [PMID: 35895930 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1994820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiated cells release factors that result in varied responses by non-irradiated cells via bystander effects (BE). The UV-BE is dependent on the cell types involved and on the wavelength of the radiation. Using conditioned medium from UVA-irradiated A375 human melanoma cells (UVA-CM), UVA-bystander response was evaluated on the viability of naïve A375 cells. UVA-CM treatment itself did not alter cell viability; however, UVA-CM treated bystander cells were more resistant to the lethal action of UVA, UVB, UVC or H2O2. Effects of UVA-CM on cell proliferation, mechanism of cell death, DNA damage, malondialdehyde formation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant status were studied in A375 cells. We observed that UVA-CM triggered antioxidant defenses to elicit protective responses through elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities in cells, which persisted until 5 h after exposure to UVA-CM. This was possibly responsible for decreased generation of ROS and diminished DNA and membrane damage in cells. These bystander cells were resistant to killing when exposed to different genotoxic agents. Damaged nuclei, induction of apoptosis and autophagic death were also lowered in these cells. The influence of UVA-CM on cancer stem cells side population was assessed.Highlights:UVA radiation induced bystander effects in A375 cellsDamage by genotoxicants is suppressed due to lower ROS generation on UVA-CM treatmentUVA-CM exposure enhanced higher activities of CAT and GPxResistance to genotoxic agents in such cells was due to elevated antioxidant defenceUVA-bystander phenomenon was a protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Hansda
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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Rashed ER, Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM. Roles of Simvastatin and Sildenafil in Modulation of Cranial Irradiation-Induced Bystander Multiple Organs Injury in Rats. Inflammation 2021; 44:2554-2579. [PMID: 34420155 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In radiobiology and radiation oncology fields, the observation of a phenomenon called radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has introduced the prospect of remotely located tissues' affection. This phenomenon has been broadly developed to involve the concept of RIBE, which are relevant to the radiation-induced response of a distant tissue other than the irradiated one. The current study aimed at investigating each of the RIBE of cranial irradiation on oxidative and inflammatory status in different organs such as liver, kidney, heart, lung, and spleen. Being a vital target of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response to an inflammatory stimulus, the splenic α-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7nAchR) was evaluated and the hepatic contents of thioredoxin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and paraoxinase-1 (Trx/PPAR-α/PON) were also assessed as indicators for the liver oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Being reported to act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, simvastatin (SV) and/or sildenafil (SD) were investigated for their effects against RIBE on these organs. These objectives were achieved via the biochemical assessments and the histopathological tissues examinations. Five experimental groups, one sham irradiated and four irradiated groups, were exposed to cranial irradiation at dose level of 25 Gy using an experimental irradiator with a Cobalt (Co60) source, RIBE, RIBE + SV (20 mg.(kg.bw)-1 day-1), RIBE + SD (75 mg.(kg.bw)-1 day-1), and RIBE + SV + SD. Cranial irradiation induced structural, biochemical, and functional dys-regulations in non-targeted organs. RIBE-induced organs' injuries have been significantly corrected by the administration of SV and/or SD. Our results suggest the possibility of a potentiated interaction between SV and SD in the modulation of the RIBE associated with head and neck radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Refaat Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noura Magdy Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Kadhim M, Tuncay Cagatay S, Elbakrawy EM. Non-targeted effects of radiation: a personal perspective on the role of exosomes in an evolving paradigm. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:410-420. [PMID: 34662248 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1980630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced non-targeted effects (NTE) have implications in a variety of areas relevant to radiation biology. Here we evaluate the various cargo associated with exosomal signalling and how they work synergistically to initiate and propagate the non-targeted effects including Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects. CONCLUSIONS Extra cellular vesicles, in particular exosomes, have been shown to carry bystander signals. Exosome cargo may contain nucleic acids, both DNA and RNA, as well as proteins, lipids and metabolites. These cargo molecules have all been considered as potential mediators of NTE. A review of current literature shows mounting evidence of a role for ionizing radiation in modulating both the numbers of exosomes released from affected cells as well as the content of their cargo, and that these exosomes can instigate functional changes in recipient cells. However, there are significant gaps in our understanding, particularly regarding modified exosome cargo after radiation exposure and the functional changes induced in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munira Kadhim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Tuncay Cagatay
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eman Mohammed Elbakrawy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Radiation Physics, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo 11787, Egypt
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TNF-α May Exert Different Antitumor Effects in Response to Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Papillary Thyroid Cancer with/without Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143609. [PMID: 34298820 PMCID: PMC8303598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent evidence shows that autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) may impair the uptake of radioiodine (131I), altering the success of attempted remnant ablation in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but the cause is not clear. Finding the mechanisms that govern immune cells during the 131I therapy of PTC with concomitant AIT (PTC + AIT) could provide a rationale for these reports. Our study was conducted on female patients admitted for 131I therapy. In the PTC group, 131I therapy modulates the production of cytokines in situ, increasing the antitumor immune response accordingly. On the contrary, in the presence of chronic inflammation due to AIT, 131I therapy amplifies innate immunity, leading to a weaker development of adaptive, specific immunity. Abstract Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) may impair radioiodine (131I) uptake in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Finding the mechanisms that govern immune cells during 131I therapy of PTC with concomitant AIT (PTC + AIT) could provide a rationale. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of 131I on anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor TIMP-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, in PTC and PTC + AIT patients. Peripheral blood was collected from 56 female patients with PTC and 32 with PTC + AIT before and 4 days after 131I (3.7 GBq). The serum levels of TgAb, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TNF-α, TNFR1 and TNFR2 were measured by ELISA. The mean radioactivity of blood samples collected after 131I intake was higher in the PTC + AIT group than in PTC (p < 0.001). In the PTC + AIT group, TNF-α/TNFR1 and TNF-α/TNFR2 ratios decreased by 0.38-fold and 0.32-fold after 131I and were positively correlated with the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (r = 0.48, p = 0.005, and r = 0.46, p = 0.007). In the PTC group, TNF-α/TNFR1 and TNF-α/TNFR2 ratios increased by 3.17-fold and 3.33-fold and were negatively correlated with the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (r = −0.62, p < 0.001 and r = −0.58, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that TNF-α may exert different antitumor effects in response to 131I therapy depending on the patient’s immune profile.
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Zeni O, Romeo S, Sannino A, Palumbo R, Scarfì MR. Evidence of bystander effect induced by radiofrequency radiation in a human neuroblastoma cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110935. [PMID: 33647301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we demonstrated that radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) is able to reduce DNA damage induced by a subsequent treatment with genotoxic agents, resembling the adaptive response, a phenomenon well known in radiobiology. In this study we report on the capability of the culture medium from SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to 1950 MHz to elicit, in recipient non-exposed cells, a reduction of menadione-induced DNA damage (P < 0.05; comet assay), indicating the capability of non-ionizing radiation to elicit a bystander effect. A comparable reduction was also detected in cultures directly exposed to the same EMF conditions (P < 0.05), confirming the adaptive response. In the same exposure conditions, we also evidenced an increase of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in culture medium of cells exposed to RF with respect to sham exposed ones (P < 0.05; western blot analysis), while no differences were detected in the intracellular content of hsp70. On the whole, our results evidence a protective effect of RF against menadione-induced DNA damage in directly and non-directly exposed cells, and suggest hsp70 pathway to be investigated as one of the potential candidate underpinning the interaction between RF exposure and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zeni
- CNR-Institute for the Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Romeo
- CNR-Institute for the Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Sannino
- CNR-Institute for the Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Palumbo
- CNR-Institute for Biostructures and Bioimaging, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- CNR-Institute for the Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Naples, Italy.
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Marques IA, Abrantes AM, Pires AS, Neves AR, Caramelo FJ, Rodrigues T, Matafome P, Tavares-da-Silva E, Gonçalves AC, Pereira CC, Teixeira JP, Seiça R, Costa G, Figueiredo A, Botelho MF. Kinetics of radium-223 and its effects on survival, proliferation and DNA damage in lymph-node and bone metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:714-726. [PMID: 33764249 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1906462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with a very unfavorable prognosis. At this advanced stage of the disease, there are several therapeutic strategies approved in recent times, being one of them Radium-223 dichloride (Radium-223). However, its mechanisms of action and the process that conducts to cell death are not fully understood. Given this, our main goal is to characterize the radiobiological effects induced by Radium-223 and to evaluate its kinetics on metastatic Prostate Cancer (mPCa) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro studies were conducted using two mPCa cell lines, the LNCaP and PC3, the first being derived from lymph node metastasis and the second from bone metastasis. Kinetic studies were conducted to access the capacity of these cell lines to uptake, retain and internalize the Radium-223. For the assessment of radiobiological effects, cells were first exposed to different doses of Radium-223 and the clonogenic assay was done to evaluate cell survival and to determine lethal doses (LD50). Then, the effects were also evaluated in terms of proliferation, oxidative stress, morphological changes and cell damage. RESULTS Radium-223 is uptaken by mPCa cells and reaches the nucleus, where it is retained over time. Irradiation decreases cell survival and proliferation, with LNCaP cells (LD50 = 1.73mGy) being more radiosensitive than PC3 cells (LD50 = 4.20mGy). Irradiated cells showed morphological changes usually associated with apoptosis and a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage. Moreover, activation of cell cycle checkpoints occurs through ATM/CHK2 pathway, which is involved in cell cycle arrest and cell death. CONCLUSIONS The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on both cell lines showed that Radium-223 can decrease the aggressiveness of tumor cells by decreasing the cell survival and proliferation and, also, by increasing the DNA damage. The similar results observed in both cell lines indicated that Radium-223 may have the potential to be used as a therapeutic option also for mCRPC patients with lymph node metastasis. The activation of DNA Damage Response pathways allows the possibility to understand the importance of these checkpoints as targets for new combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Marques
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S Pires
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Neves
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Project Development Office, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Caramelo
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Physiology of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Physiology of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edgar Tavares-da-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Gonçalves
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiana C Pereira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João P Teixeira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Physiology of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Grancinda Costa
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arnaldo Figueiredo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria F Botelho
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Zemskova OV, Kurinnyi DA, Rushkovsky SR, Demchenko OM, Romanenko MG, Glavatsky OY, Klymenko SV. Development of Tumor-Induced Bystander Effect and Radiosensitivity in the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Glioblastoma Patients with Different MGMT Gene Methylation Statuses in Tumor Cells. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mukherjee S, Dutta A, Chakraborty A. External modulators and redox homeostasis: Scenario in radiation-induced bystander cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108368. [PMID: 34083032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is imperative to maintain normal physiologic and metabolic functions. Radiotherapy disturbs this balance and induces genomic instability in diseased cells. However, radiation-induced effects propagate beyond the targeted cells, affecting the adjacent non-targeted cells (bystander effects). The cellular impact of radiation, thus, encompasses both targeted and non-targeted effects. Use of external modulators along with radiation can increase radio-therapeutic efficiency. The modulators' classification as protectors or sensitizers depends on interactions with damaged DNA molecules. Thus, it is necessary to realize the functions of various radio-sensitizers or radio-protectors in both irradiated and bystander cells. This review focuses on some modulators of radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) and their action mechanisms. Knowledge about the underlying signaling cross-talk may promote selective sensitization of radiation-targeted cells and protection of bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Dutta
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India.
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Radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects: important lessons from preclinical models. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:339-348. [PMID: 32581341 PMCID: PMC7403362 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a pivotal component in the curative treatment of patients with localised cancer and isolated metastasis, as well as being used as a palliative strategy for patients with disseminated disease. The clinical efficacy of radiotherapy has traditionally been attributed to the local effects of ionising radiation, which induces cell death by directly and indirectly inducing DNA damage, but substantial work has uncovered an unexpected and dual relationship between tumour irradiation and the host immune system. In clinical practice, it is, therefore, tempting to tailor immunotherapies with radiotherapy in order to synergise innate and adaptive immunity against cancer cells, as well as to bypass immune tolerance and exhaustion, with the aim of facilitating tumour regression. However, our understanding of how radiation impacts on immune system activation is still in its early stages, and concerns and challenges regarding therapeutic applications still need to be overcome. With the increasing use of immunotherapy and its common combination with ionising radiation, this review briefly delineates current knowledge about the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy, and aims to provide insights, at the preclinical level, into the mechanisms that are involved with the potential to yield clinically relevant combinatorial approaches of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Shemetun OV, Pilinska MA. RADIATION-INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECT - MODELING, MANIFESTATION, MECHANISMS, PERSISTENCE, CANCER RISKS (literature review). PROBLEMY RADIAT︠S︡IĬNOÏ MEDYT︠S︡YNY TA RADIOBIOLOHIÏ 2020; 24:65-92. [PMID: 31841459 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2019-24-65-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes and analyzes the data of world scientific literature and the results of the own research con- cerning one of the main non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation - the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) - the ability of irradiated target cells to induce secondary biological changes in non-irradiated receptor cells. The his- tory of studies of this phenomenon is presented - it described under various names since 1905, began to study from the end of the twentieth century when named as RIBE and caused particular interest in the scientific community during recent decades. It is shown that the development of biological science and the improvement of research methods allowed to get new in-depth data on the development of RIBE not only at the level of the whole organism, but even at the genome level. The review highlights the key points of numerous RIBE investigations including mod- eling; methodological approaches to studying; classification; features of interaction between irradiated and intact cells; the role of the immune system, oxidative stress, cytogenetic disorders, changes in gene expression in the mechanism of development of RIBE; rescue effect, abscopal effect, persistence, modification, medical effects. It is emphasized that despite the considerable amount of research concerning the bystander response as the universal phenomenon and RIBE as one of its manifestations, there are still enough «white spots» in determining the mech- anisms of the RIBE formation and assessing the possible consequences of its development for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Shemetun
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - M A Pilinska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Kurinnyi DA, Rushkovsky SR, Demchenko OM, Sholoiko VV, Pilinska MA. Evaluation of the Interaction between Malignant and Normal Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Under Cocultivation and Separate Cultivation. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Mukherjee S, Chakraborty A. Radiation-induced bystander phenomenon: insight and implications in radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:243-263. [PMID: 30496010 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- Stress biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Stress biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Krzywon A, Widel M. Bystander Me45 Melanoma Cells Increase Damaging Effect in UVC-irradiated Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1019-1028. [PMID: 30613987 DOI: 10.1111/php.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of the bystander effect induced by UVC light in malignant melanoma Me45 cells that were co-incubated with irradiated cells of the same line. We have found that the UVC band effectively generated apoptosis, premature senescence, single and double DNA strand breaks and reduced clonogenic survival of bystander cells. However, in the feedback response, the bystander cells intensified damage in directly irradiated cells, especially seen at the level of apoptosis and survival of clonogenic cells. Pretreatment of bystander cells with inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase blocks this signaling. It seems that the mediators of this phenomenon produced and secreted by neighboring cells are superoxide, nitric oxide and TGF-β. The reverse deleterious effect caused by cells not exposed to UVC in directly exposed cells is opposed to the protective/rescue effect exerted by the bystander cells in the case of ionizing radiation known in the literature. Whether this opposite adverse effect is a feature of only Me45 melanoma cells or whether it is a general phenomenon occurring between cells of other types exposed to ultraviolet radiation requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Krzywon
- Biosystems Group, Faculty of Automatics, Electronics and Informatics, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Widel
- Biosystems Group, Faculty of Automatics, Electronics and Informatics, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Yahyapour R, Salajegheh A, Safari A, Amini P, Rezaeyan A, Amraee A, Najafi M. Radiation-induced Non-targeted Effect and Carcinogenesis; Implications in Clinical Radiotherapy. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:435-446. [PMID: 30568933 PMCID: PMC6280111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bystander or non-targeted effect is known to be an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology. The genetic consequences of bystander effect on non-irradiated cells have shown that this phenomenon can be considered as one of the most important factors involved in secondary cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation. Every year, millions of people around the world undergo radiotherapy in order to cure different types of cancers. The most crucial aim of radiotherapy is to improve treatment efficiency by reducing early and late effects of exposure to clinical doses of radiation. Secondary cancer induction resulted from exposure to high doses of radiation during treatment can reduce the effectiveness of this modality for cancer treatment. The perception of carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects and factors involved in this phenomenon might help reduce secondary cancer incidence years after radiotherapy. Different modalities such as radiation LET, dose and dose rate, fractionation, types of tissue, gender of patients, etc. may be involved in carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects. Therefore, selecting an appropriate treatment modality may improve cost-effectiveness of radiation therapy as well as the quality of life in survived patients. In this review, we first focus on the carcinogenesis evidence of non-targeted effects in radiotherapy and then review physical and biological factors that may influence the risk of secondary cancer induced by this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Yahyapour
- School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - A. Salajegheh
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Safari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - P. Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Rezaeyan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Amraee
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kirolikar S, Prasannan P, Raghuram GV, Pancholi N, Saha T, Tidke P, Chaudhari P, Shaikh A, Rane B, Pandey R, Wani H, Khare NK, Siddiqui S, D'souza J, Prasad R, Shinde S, Parab S, Nair NK, Pal K, Mittra I. Prevention of radiation-induced bystander effects by agents that inactivate cell-free chromatin released from irradiated dying cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1142. [PMID: 30442925 PMCID: PMC6238009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is a poorly understood phenomenon wherein non-targeted cells exhibit effects of radiation. We have reported that cell-free chromatin (cfCh) particles that are released from dying cells can integrate into genomes of surrounding healthy cells to induce DNA damage and inflammation. This raised the possibility that RIBE might be induced by cfCh released from irradiated dying cells. When conditioned media from BrdU-labeled irradiated cells were passed through filters of pore size 0.22 µm and incubated with unexposed cells, BrdU-labeled cfCh particles could be seen to readily enter their nuclei to activate H2AX, active Caspase-3, NFκB, and IL-6. A direct relationship was observed with respect to activation of RIBE biomarkers and radiation dose in the range of 0.1-0 Gy. We confirmed by FISH and cytogenetic analysis that cfCh had stably integrated into chromosomes of bystander cells and had led to extensive chromosomal instability. The above RIBE effects could be abrogated when conditioned media were pre-treated with agents that inactivate cfCh, namely, anti-histone antibody complexed nanoparticles (CNPs), DNase I and a novel DNA degrading agent Resveratrol-copper (R-Cu). Lower hemi-body irradiation with γ-rays (0.1-50 Gy) led to activation of H2AX, active Caspase-3, NFκB, and IL-6 in brain cells in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of these RIBE biomarkers could be abrogated by concurrent treatment with CNPs, DNase I and R-Cu indicating that activation of RIBE was not due to radiation scatter to the brain. RIBE activation was seen even when mini-beam radiation was delivered to the umbilical region of mice wherein radiation scatter to brain was negligible and could be abrogated by cfCh inactivating agents. These results indicate that cfCh released from radiation-induced dying cells are activators of RIBE and that it can be prevented by treatment with appropriate cfCh inactivating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kirolikar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Preeti Prasannan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Gorantla V Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Namrata Pancholi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Tannishtha Saha
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pritishkumar Tidke
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Comparative Oncology Program and Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Alfina Shaikh
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Bhagyeshri Rane
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Richa Pandey
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Harshada Wani
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen K Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sophiya Siddiqui
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Jenevieve D'souza
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Ratnam Prasad
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sailee Parab
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen K Nair
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India.
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22
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Lee SB, Han SH, Kim MJ, Shim S, Shin HY, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Jang WS, Seo S, Jang S, Lee Y, Park S. Post-irradiation promotes susceptibility to reprogramming to pluripotent state in human fibroblasts. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2119-2127. [PMID: 28902577 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1371887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes not only targeted effects in cells that have been directly irradiated but also non-targeted effects in several cell generations after initial exposure. Recent studies suggest that radiation can enrich for a population of stem cells, derived from differentiated cells, through cellular reprogramming. Here, we elucidate the effect of irradiation on reprogramming, subjected to two different responses, using an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model. iPSCs were generated from non-irradiated cells, directly-irradiated cells, or cells subsequently generated after initial radiation exposure. We found that direct irradiation negatively affected iPSC induction in a dose-dependent manner. However, in the post-irradiated group, after five subsequent generations, cells became increasingly sensitive to the induction of reprogramming compared to that in non-irradiated cells as observed by an increased number of Tra1-81-stained colonies as well as enhanced alkaline phosphatase and Oct4 promoter activity. Comparative analysis, based on reducing the number of defined factors utilized for reprogramming, also revealed enhanced efficiency of iPSC generation in post-irradiated cells. Furthermore, the phenotypic acquisition of characteristics of pluripotent stem cells was observed in all resulting iPSC lines, as shown by morphology, the expression of pluripotent markers, DNA methylation patterns of pluripotency genes, a normal diploid karyotype, and teratoma formation. Overall, these results suggested that reprogramming capability might be differentially modulated by altered radiation-induced responses. Our findings provide that susceptibility to reprogramming in somatic cells might be improved by the delayed effects of non-targeted response, and contribute to a better understanding of the biological effects of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bum Lee
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Han
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Shin
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Songwon Seo
- b Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Jang
- c Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yanghee Lee
- c Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- a Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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