1
|
Rabezanahary ANA, Kestemont P, Cornet V, Benali S, Laby P, Randrianarivo RH, Mong YJM, Raquez JM, Missawi O. Unseen riverine risk: Spatio-temporal shifts of microplastic pollution and its bioavailability in freshwater fish within the Ikopa River urban system. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:837. [PMID: 39180639 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Growing concern over microplastic pollution, driven by their widespread accumulation in the environment, stresses the need for comprehensive assessments. This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in the Ikopa River (Antananarivo - Madagascar), which flows through a densely populated area, and examines their correlation with contamination levels in local fish species. By analyzing upstream and downstream stations across wet and dry seasons, only a notable increase in microplastic concentration downstream during the wet season was observed, ranging from 138.6 ± 9.0 to 222.0 ± 24.5 particles m-3, with polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate being the predominant polymer at 62.3 ± 5.13% of the total sampled polymers. This distribution underlines the impact of urban activities on pollution levels. Fish species, gambusia and Nile tilapia, were assessed for microplastic occurrence in gills and gastrointestinal tracts. Higher contamination rates were found in gambusia, enlightening the influence of feeding behaviour and fish habitat on microplastics contamination. Ingestion of microplastics directly from the water column was evident in both species, with the detection of high-density plastics such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinyl chloride suggesting likely sediment contamination. This research highlights the widespread contamination of aquatic environments and its direct impact on local wildlife, pointing to a clear requirement for effective pollution management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andry Ny Aina Rabezanahary
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
- Centre National de Recherches Sur L'Environnement (CNRE), Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Samira Benali
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Laby
- University of Antananarivo, ESSA-Forêts, Higher School of Agronomic Sciences, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Ranjàna Hanitra Randrianarivo
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Omayma Missawi
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schofield A, Newall M, Inwood D, Downes S, Corde S. Commissioning of Aktina SRS cones and dosimetric validation of the RayStation photon Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:1503-1518. [PMID: 37603132 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical implementation of SRS cones demands particular experimental care and dosimetric considerations in order to deliver precise and safe radiotherapy to patients. The purpose of this work was to present the commissioning data of recent Aktina cones combined with a 6MV flattened beam produced by an Elekta VersaHD linear accelerator. Additionally, the modelling process, and an assessment of dosimetric accuracy of the RayStation Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for cone based SRS was performed. There are currently no studies presenting beam data for this equipment and none that outlines the modelling parameters and validation of dose calculation using RayStation's photon Monte Carlo dose engine with cones. Beam data was measured using an SFD and a microDiamond and benchmarked against EBT3 film for cones of diameter 5-39 mm. Modelling was completed and validated within homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. End-to-end image-guided validation was performed using a StereoPHAN™ housing, an SRS MapCHECK and EBT3 film, and calculation time was investigated as a function of statistical uncertainty and field diameter. The TPS calculations agreed with measured data within their estimated uncertainties and clinical treatment plans could be calculated in under a minute. The data presented serves as a reference for others commissioning Aktina stereotactic cones and the modelling parameters serve similarly, while providing a starting point for those commissioning the same TPS algorithm for use with cones. It has been shown in this work that RayStation's Monte Carlo photon dose algorithm performs satisfactorily in the presence of SRS cones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Schofield
- Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Matthew Newall
- Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Dean Inwood
- Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Simon Downes
- Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Corde
- Radiation Oncology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawara Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong Y, Bao Q, Gao M, Qiu W, Song Z. A novel mechanism study of microplastic and As co-contamination on indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126694. [PMID: 34332483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the compound pollution of microplastics and arsenic (As) in paddy soil can affect the growth and quality of rice, relevant research on this phenomenon was limited. Therefore, we combined a pot experiment with computational chemistry to explore the effects and mechanism of polystyrene (PSMP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microplastics on As bioavailability. PSMP and PTFE interacted with rice root exudates through van der Waals forces, approached the rice root system, inhibited root activity, reduced the relative abundance of Geobacteria and Anaeromyxobacter, and consequently reduced the iron plaques on the root surfaces. Consequently, As uptake by the rice was inhibited. PSMP and PTFE reduced the hemoglobin content by directly destroying its tertiary structure, thereby retarding rice growth. In contrast, As increased the hemoglobin content by inducing reactive oxygen species in rice. Under the influence of PSMP, PTFE, and As, the activities of soluble starch synthase and pyrophosphorylase in rice grains were inhibited, and starch accumulation decreased. Thus, PSMP, PTFE, and As reduced rice biomass and yield owing to their physiological toxicity and adverse impacts on root activity. Grain yields in soil with an As content of 86.3 mg·kg-1, 0.5% small particle-sized PSMP, and 0.5% small particle-sized PTFE decreased by 30.7%, 20.6%, and 19.4%, respectively, compared to the control. This study determined the comprehensive mechanism through which PSMP and PTFE affect As bioavailability, which is critical for managing rice biomass and low yields in As and microplastic co-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youming Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qiongli Bao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dong Y, Gao M, Qiu W, Song Z. Effect of microplastics and arsenic on nutrients and microorganisms in rice rhizosphere soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111899. [PMID: 33453641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics and arsenic in soil can endanger crop growth; therefore, their effects on the properties of rhizosphere soil should be evaluated. Large (10-100 µm) and small (0.1-1 µm) polystyrene (PSMP) and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) particles were added to soil with different arsenic concentrations (1.4, 24.7, and 86.3 mg kg-1) to investigate the combined effect of microplastics and arsenic pollution on rice rhizosphere soil. After the addition of PSMP and PTFE, pH, arsenic (V) and arsenic (III) in the soil were observed to decrease. The interaction of arsenic with PSMP and PTFE resulted in this phenomenon, leading to a decrease of arsenic bioavailability in the soil. PSMP, PTFE, and arsenic reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria, increased the abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, and inhibited soil urease, acid phosphatase, protease, dehydrogenase, and peroxidase activity via affecting the tertiary structure of the enzyme. PSMP, PTFE, and arsenic also reduced the available nitrogen and phosphorus content in the soil. Arsenic increased the soil organic matter content, whereas PSMP and PTFE reduced the organic matter content. Furthermore, microplastics inhibited the effects of arsenic on the microbial and chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil. This study revealed the effects of microplastic and arsenic pollution on rice rhizosphere microorganisms and nutrients, and elucidated the mechanism by which these pollutants retard crop growth in the designed growth medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youming Dong
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The peripheral dose outside the applicator in electron beams of an Elekta linear accelerator. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2018; 41:647-655. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-018-0660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
6
|
Dosimetric evaluation of small IMRT beamlets in the presence of bone inhomogeneity using NIPAM polymer gel and Monte Carlo simulation. RADIAT MEAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|