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Eltokhi A, Lundstrom BN, Li J, Zweifel LS, Catterall WA, Gamal El-Din TM. Pathogenic gating pore current conducted by autism-related mutations in the Na V1.2 brain sodium channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317769121. [PMID: 38564633 PMCID: PMC11009634 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317769121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. The genetic heterogeneity of ASD presents a challenge to the development of an effective treatment targeting the underlying molecular defects. ASD gating charge mutations in the KCNQ/KV7 potassium channel cause gating pore currents (Igp) and impair action potential (AP) firing of dopaminergic neurons in brain slices. Here, we investigated ASD gating charge mutations of the voltage-gated SCN2A/NaV1.2 brain sodium channel, which ranked high among the ion channel genes with mutations in individuals with ASD. Our results show that ASD mutations in the gating charges R2 in Domain-II (R853Q), and R1 (R1626Q) and R2 (R1629H) in Domain-IV of NaV1.2 caused Igp in the resting state of ~0.1% of the amplitude of central pore current. The R1626Q mutant also caused significant changes in the voltage dependence of fast inactivation, and the R1629H mutant conducted proton-selective Igp. These potentially pathogenic Igp were exacerbated by the absence of the extracellular Mg2+ and Ca2+. In silico simulation of the effects of these mutations in a conductance-based single-compartment cortical neuron model suggests that the inward Igp reduces the time to peak for the first AP in a train, increases AP rates during a train of stimuli, and reduces the interstimulus interval between consecutive APs, consistent with increased neural excitability and altered input/output relationships. Understanding this common pathophysiological mechanism among different voltage-gated ion channels at the circuit level will give insights into the underlying mechanisms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Brian Nils Lundstrom
- Department of Neurology in the Division of Epilepsy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN55905
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
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Omotosho IO, Akinade AO, Lagunju IA, Yakubu MA. Oxidative stress indices in ASD children in Sub-Sahara Africa. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:50. [PMID: 34666671 PMCID: PMC8524989 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a medical challenge even in the developed world. Although genetics and epigenetic factors have been variously indicted as major causes of the disorder, development of oxidative stress especially in the formative years of children has equally gained prominence as an etiological basis of the disorder. Oxidative stress is characterized by the production of excessive amounts of free radicals, decreased levels of antioxidants with the attendant imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant ratio. This study was designed to determine the levels of essential metals [magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)] and toxic metal, lead (Pb), and generation of oxidative stress by their abnormal interaction. Method Twenty-five children clinically diagnosed for ASD according to DSM-IV-TR and 25 neuro-typical (NT) children (controls), (aged 5.96 ± 1.40 years and 6.18 ± 2.59 years respectively) were recruited for this study. Essential and toxic metals were analyzed using induction-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), total plasma peroxidase (TPP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were determined using appropriate biochemical methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results The levels of TPP and TAC were significantly reduced while MDA was higher in ASD compared to NT. Although OSI was higher in ASD, the difference was not significant. Pb (lead) concentration was significantly increased while Mg, Zn, and Cu levels were reduced significantly in ASD compared to NT. A significant negative correlation between Mg and OSI (r = − 0.438; p = 0.029) was observed in NT. Conclusion Reduction in Zn and Mg levels with a concurrent increase in Pb in children with ASD in this study may be the basis of inadequate TAC manifesting as increased MDA and reduced TPP levels. The attendant imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant ratio may result in abnormality in neuronal transduction leading to the abnormal cognitive and speech functions characteristic of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Momoh A Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, New Science Building Suite, Houston, TX, 303, USA
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Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalny AV. A Case-Control Study of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements and Minerals in Hair of 0-4-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:399-408. [PMID: 31468294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess hair essential and toxic trace elements and minerals in children with cerebral palsy in relation to age of the examinees. A total of 70 children with cerebral palsy and 70 healthy controls aged 0-4 years old were enrolled in the present study. The examined children were also divided into two age groups of those younger and older than 2 years old. Hair trace element content was assessed using ICP-MS at NexION 300D (PerkinElmer, USA). The obtained data demonstrate that hair boron was more than 2-fold lower in CP children as compared with the control group. At the same time, hair Na, Se, and V levels were 21%, 12%, and 20% lower when compared with healthy controls, respectively. It is also notable that a 9% and 28% decrease in hair Fe and Li levels respectively were nearly significant. The observed alterations were more profound in a younger group of patients. No significant group difference in hair toxic metal and metalloid levels was observed between the general cohorts of children with and without CP. In regression models, only hair Al and Ca contents were significantly associated with the presence of cerebral palsy, whereas hair Mg, Na, Ni, and Se levels were characterized as significant negative predictors. The observed alteration in trace element metabolism may also provide an additional link between cerebral palsy, psychomotor delay, and certain diseases, including diabetes, epilepsy, and osteoporosis. However, further studies using other substrates (blood, urine) or biomarkers are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146.
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 19-1, Moscow, Russia, 119146
- RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- Taipei Medical University, Wuxing St., 250, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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Skalny AV, Mazaletskaya AL, Ajsuvakova OP, Bjørklund G, Skalnaya MG, Chernova LN, Skalny AA, Tinkov AA. Magnesium Status in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2020; 31:41-45. [PMID: 32612412 PMCID: PMC7324841 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.190036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess serum, hair, and urinary magnesium (Mg) levels in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and both ASD and ADHD to reveal potential interactive effects. Methods: A total of 148 boys aged 4–9 years old were enrolled in this study, including 44 children with ADHD, 40 pediatric patients with ASD, 32 patients with both ADHD and ASD, as well as 32 healthy neurotypical children. Hair, serum, and urinary Mg levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratory quality control was performed using certified reference materials of human hair, plasma, and urine. Results: No significant group difference in serum Mg levels was observed. Mg content in hair was found to be reduced in children with ADHD and ADHD+ASD compared to that in healthy controls by 11% and 15%, respectively. Urinary Mg levels in children with ADHD+ASD exceeded the control, ADHD, and ASD values by 51, 76, and 65%, respectively. Factorial analysis revealed significant contribution of ADHD to hair and urinary Mg levels. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that hair and urinary Mg levels were considered as significant predictors of neurodevelopmental disorder complexity. Conclusion: We propose that impaired Mg status may provide a link between ADHD and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Elementology, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L Mazaletskaya
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Elementology, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Elementology, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Skalny
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.,Department of Medical Elementology, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Elementology, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
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