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Kendall AJ, Scaffa PMC, Logan MG, Pfeifer CS. Revisiting gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry molar response factors for quantitative analysis (FID or TIC) of glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides produced by oral bacterial biofilms. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 221:106942. [PMID: 38704038 PMCID: PMC11102815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Methylation analysis was performed on methylated alditol acetate standards and Streptococcus mutans extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced from wild-type and Gtf knockout strains (∆GtfB, ∆GtfB, and ∆GtfD). The methylated alditol acetate standards were representative of glycosidic linkages found in S. mutans EPS and were used to calibrate the GC-MS system for an FID detector and MS (TIC) and produce molar response factor, a necessary step in quantitative analysis. FID response factors were consistent with literature values (Sweet et al., 1975) and found to be the superior option for quantitative results, although the TIC response factors now give researchers without access to an FID detector a needed option for molar response factor correction. The GC-MS analysis is then used to deliver the ratio of the linkage types within a biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kendall
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Polliana M C Scaffa
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matthew G Logan
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Portland, OR, USA.
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Jeong Y, Vyas K, Irudayaraj J. Toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to microorganisms in confined hydrogel structures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131672. [PMID: 37236111 PMCID: PMC10330869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a group of environmentally persistent synthetic chemicals has been widely used in industrial and consumer products. Bioaccumulation studies have documented the adverse effects of PFAS in various living organisms. Despite the large number of studies, experimental approaches to evaluate the toxicity of PFAS on bacteria in a biofilm-like niche as structured microbial communities are sparse. This study suggests a facile approach to query the toxicity of PFOS and PFOA on bacteria (Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 strain) in a biofilm-like niche provided by hydrogel-based core-shell beads. Our study shows that E. coli MG1655 upon complete confinement in hydrogel beads exhibit altered physiological characteristics of viability, biomass, and protein expression, compared to their susceptible counterpart cultivated under planktonic conditions. We find that soft-hydrogel engineering platforms may provide a protective role for microorganisms from environmental contaminants, depending on the size or thickness of the protective/barrier layer. We expect our study to provide insights on the toxicity of environmental contaminants on organisms under encapsulated conditions that could potentially be useful for toxicity screening and in evaluating ecological risk of soil, plant, and mammalian microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Khushali Vyas
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Zhang C, Ding D, Wang B, Wang Y, Li N, Li R, Yan Y, He J. Effect of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids on Energy Metabolism of Fusarium solani. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:777. [PMID: 37504765 PMCID: PMC10381234 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium solani is one of the primary pathogens causing root rot of wolfberry. The aims of this study were to investigate the inhibitory effect of potato glycoside alkaloids (PGA) on F. solani and its energy metabolism. In this study, the effects of PGA treatment on the growth and development of F. solani were investigated and the changes in the glycolytic pathway (EMP), ATPase activity, mitochondrial complex activity, mitochondrial structure, and energy charge level were analyzed to elucidate the possible antifungal mechanism of PGA on F. solani. The results showed that PGA treatment inhibited the colony growth, biomass, and spore germination of F. solani. PGA treatment reduced the glucose content and Hexokinase (HK) activity of F. solani, but increased the activity of Fructose-6-Phosphate Kinase (PFK) and Pyruvate Kinase (PK) and promoted the accumulation of pyruvic acid. In addition, PGA treatment inhibited the activities of H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and mitochondrial complex IV, increased the mitochondrial inner membrane Ca2+ content and mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore, and decreased the contents of ATP, ADP, and AMP as well as the energy charge. These results indicate that PGA treatment inhibits the growth and development of F. solani, activates the glycolysis pathway, inhibits ATPase activity and mitochondrial complex activity, and destroys the structure and function of mitochondrial membrane, resulting in a lower energy charge level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Zhang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dedong Ding
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuke Yan
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing He
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Wolfberry Harmless Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Scaffa PMC, Kendall A, Icimoto MY, Fugolin APP, Logan MG, DeVito-Moraes AG, Lewis SH, Zhang H, Wu H, Pfeifer CS. The potential use of glycosyl-transferase inhibitors for targeted reduction of S. mutans biofilms in dental materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11889. [PMID: 37482546 PMCID: PMC10363545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the primary oral caries-forming bacteria, adept at producing "sticky" biofilms via the synthesis of insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), catalyzed by glucosyltransferases (GTFs). To circumvent the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to combat these bacteria, this study sought to modify existing EPS-targeting small molecules with the ultimate goal of producing anti-biofilm polymer surfaces specifically targeting S. mutans. To achieve this, a known GTF inhibitor (G43) was modified with methoxy or tetraethyleneglycol substitutions in different positions (nine derivatives, tested at 50-µM) to pinpoint potential sites for future methacrylate functionalization, and then assessed against single-species S. mutans biofilms. As expected, the compounds did not diminish the bacterial viability. In general, the compounds with methoxy substitution were not effective in reducing EPS formation, whereas the tetraethyleneglycol substitution (G43-C3-TEG) led to a decrease in the concentration of insoluble EPS, although the effect is less pronounced than for the parent G43. This aligns with the reduced GTF-C activity observed at different concentrations of G43-C3-TEG, as well as the consequent decrease in EPS formation, and notable structural changes. In summary, this study determined that G43-C3-TEG is non-bactericidal and can selectively reduce the biofilm formation, by decreasing the production of EPS. This molecule will serve to functionalize surfaces of materials to be tested in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polliana Mendes Candia Scaffa
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Alexander Kendall
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Marcelo Yudi Icimoto
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP-EPM, R. Sena Madureira, 1500, Sao Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Piovezan Fugolin
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Matthew G Logan
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Andre G DeVito-Moraes
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Steven H Lewis
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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Tong S, Zhao L, Zhu D, Chen W, Chen L, Li D. From formic acid to single-cell protein: genome-scale revealing the metabolic network of Paracoccus communis MA5. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:55. [PMID: 38647589 PMCID: PMC10992362 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in population growth and environmental pollution, the daily protein supply is facing great challenges. Single-cell protein (SCP) produced by microorganism fermentation is a good alternative for substituting plant- and animal-derived proteins. In this study, Paracoccus communis MA5 isolated from soil previously demonstrated an excellent ability to synthesize SCP directly from sodium formate. To investigate the central metabolic network of formic acid assimilation and protein synthesis, genome-scale analyses were performed. Genomic analysis showed that complete tetrahydrofolate cycle-, serine cycle-, glycolytic pathway-, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle- and nitrogen metabolism-relevant genes were annotated in the genome. These pathways play key roles in the conversion of formic acid into proteins. Transcriptional analysis showed that sodium formate stress could stimulate the metabolic pathway in response to environmental stress, but weaken the sulfur metabolic pathway to inhibit amino acid synthesis, resulting in a decrease in protein content (30% vs 44%). However, under culture conditions with ammonium sulfate, metabolic pathways associated with protein synthesis were accelerated, causing an increase in protein content (53% vs 44%); while the tetrahydrofolate cycle associated with formic acid assimilation was inhibited, causing a 62.5% decrease in growth rate (OD600: 0.21 vs 0.56). These results provide evidence of protein synthesis from sodium formate in strain MA5 at the gene level and lay a theoretical foundation for the optimization of fermentation systems using formic acid as a carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lizhi Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-Utilization, Tianjin University of Sciences and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-Utilization, Tianjin University of Sciences and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wuxi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Demao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Gamma irradiation effectuality on the antibacterial and bioactivity behavior of multicomponent borate glasses against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:155-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Choudhury P, Dutta KN, Singh A, Malakar D, Pillai M, Talukdar NC, Samanta SK, Devi R. Assessment of nutritional value and quantitative analysis of bioactive phytochemicals through targeted LC-MS/MS method in selected scented and pigmented rice varietals. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1781-1792. [PMID: 32468588 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scented (joha) and black rice indigenous to northeast region (NER) of India are the two among 40,000 varieties of species Oryza sativa, prevalent for its great aroma, medicinal property, and/or equally noteworthy taste. Biochemical and target-based liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis was performed to identify and quantify the different phytonutrients from the selected rice grains of those two varieties. Biochemical assay revealed that the selected black rice (Chakhao Amubi) contains ∼1.8-fold higher amount of total phenolic and ∼2.3-fold higher amount of total flavonoid than the scented rice grain (Kon joha). The total starch content was significantly lower in scented rice in comparison to black rice grain. The health beneficial ratio of ω-6/ω-3 essential unsaturated fatty acid is notably better in scented rice grain than black rice grain. The targeted LC-MS/MS analysis confirms the presence of oryzanol and ferulic acid in both the samples. The presence of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, apigenin, tricin, avenasterol, coumarin, coumaric acid, phenyl alanine, caffeic acid, and α-tocophenol were confirmed in the scented rice, whereas the black rice confirms the presence of protocatechuic acid and dehydroxy myricetin. Further the quantitative analysis showed that the lipids lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) 16:0, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE) 14:0, lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) 18:2, LPE 18:2, phosphatidyl etanolamine (PE), along with oryzanol, hydroxy docosanoic acid are at least threefold higher in scented rice varietal; whereas, in Chakhao Amubi, the content of petunidin galactoside, LMMPE18:2, PC14:0 are higher than the scented rice grain. In conclusion, different phytonutrients including phenol, polyphenol, and flavonoid have been identified as bioactive phytochemicals in selected rice varietals. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work will provide the information about the nutritional benefit of studied rice varietals. The used targeted LC-MS/MS analysis will provide the one-step information about the bioactive phytochemicals. Overall, this study will help to commercialize those varieties with proper scientific evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Choudhury
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Krishna N Dutta
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | | | | | | | - Narayan C Talukdar
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Suman Kumar Samanta
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
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Garbuzenko OB, Kbah N, Kuzmov A, Pogrebnyak N, Pozharov V, Minko T. Inhalation treatment of cystic fibrosis with lumacaftor and ivacaftor co-delivered by nanostructured lipid carriers. J Control Release 2019; 296:225-231. [PMID: 30677435 PMCID: PMC6461390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a most deadly genetic disorder, is caused by mutations of CF transmembrane receptor (CFTR) - a chloride channel present at the surface of epithelial cells. In general, two steps have to be involved in treatment of the disease: correction of cellular defects and potentiation to further increase channel opening. Consequently, a combinatorial simultaneous treatment with two drugs with different mechanisms of action, lumacaftor and ivacaftor, has been recently proposed. While lumacaftor is used to correct p.Phe508del mutation (the loss of phenylalanine at position 508) and increase the amount of cell surface-localized CFTR protein, ivacaftor serves as a CFTR potentiator that increases the open probability of CFTR channels. Since the main organ that is affected by cystic fibrosis is the lung, the delivery of drugs directly to the lungs by inhalation has a potential to enhance the efficacy of the treatment of CF and limit adverse side effects upon healthy tissues and organs. Based on our extensive experience in inhalation delivering of drugs by different nanocarriers, we selected nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery both drugs directly to the lungs by inhalation and tested NLC loaded with drugs in vitro (normal and CF human bronchial epithelial cells) and in vivo (homozygote/homozygote bi-transgenic mice with CF). The results show that the designed NLCs demonstrated a high drug loading efficiency and were internalized in the cytoplasm of CF cells. It was found that NLC-loaded drugs were able to restore the expression and function of CFTR protein. As a result, the combination of lumacaftor and ivacaftor delivered by lipid nanoparticles directly into the lungs was highly effective in treating lung manifestations of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - N Kbah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - A Kuzmov
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - N Pogrebnyak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - V Pozharov
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - T Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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