Hemoglobin within normal range is negatively related to hemoglobin A1c in a nondiabetic American population aged 16 years and older

Association between admission hemoglobin level and prognosis in sepsis patients based on a critical care database

This study aimed to explore the association between admission hemoglobin level and clinical outcomes in sepsis based on Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV) database. It was a retrospective study. Sepsis patients in the database were included. Data extraction from MIMIC-IV was performed by PostgreSQL 9.6 software. Three different models including crude model (adjusted for none), model I (adjusted for gender and age) and model II (adjusted for all potential cofounders) were constructed. A generalized liner model and a smooth fitting curve for indicating the relationship between hemoglobin level and 30-day mortality were performed. 6249 septic patients with a 30.18% of 30-day mortality were included. With 1 g/dl increment in hemoglobin level, the values of odds ratio (OR) in crude model, model I and model II were 0.96 (95% confidential interval (CI) 0.94-0.99, P = 0.0023), 0.96 (95%CI 0.93-0.98, P = 0.0010) and 0.87 (95%CI 0.79-0.95, P = 0.0020), respectively. The smooth fitting curve indicated a non-linear relationship and the turning point was 7.2 g/dl. Compared the hemoglobin group < 7.2 g/dl, the risk of 30-day mortality significantly decreased by 32% in the hemoglobin group ≥ 7.2 g/dl (OR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.51-0.93, P = 0.0142). The non-linear relationship between admission hemoglobin level and 30-day mortality in sepsis was found. Hemoglobin supplementation might be beneficial for septic patients with hemoglobin level < 7.2 g/dl.

Identification of DNA methylation of CAPN10 gene changes in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a predictive biomarker instead of HbA1c, random blood sugar, lipid profile, kidney function test, and some risk factors

Objective. Nowadays, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common chronic endocrine disorder, affecting an estimated 5-10% of adults worldwide and this disease rapidly increases in the Kurdistan region population. This research aims to identify DNA methylation change in the CPAN10 gene as a predictive biomarker in T2DM and the association between DNA methylation status with lipid profile and kidney function test. Methods. The participants (113) were divided into three groups: diabetes group (47), prediabetes group (36), and control group (30). The study was carried out on patients who visited the private clinical sectors between August and December 2021 in the Koya city Kurdistan region of Iraq. To determine DNA methylation status, methylation-specific PCR (MPS) with paired primer for each methylated and unmethylated region was used. The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation were performed for statistical analysis of data and a value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Results. The obtained results show that DNA hypermethylation was recorded in the promoter region in the samples of the diabetes and prediabetes groups compared to the healthy group (control). Various factors also affected the level of DNA methylation, such as HbA1c in prediabetes group and body mass index in the control group. Conclusion. These results indicate that DNA methylation changes in the CAPN10 gene promoter region may be used as a potential predictive biomarker to diagnose T2DM; however, this study requires further data to support this evidence.