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Ciaramella L, Di Serafino L, Mitrano L, De Rosa ML, Carbone C, Rea FS, Monaco S, Scalamogna M, Cirillo P, Esposito G. Invasive Assessment of Coronary Microcirculation: A State-of-the-Art Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:86. [PMID: 38201395 PMCID: PMC10795746 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia have no "significant" epicardial disease; thereby, the assessment of coronary microcirculation gained an important role in improving diagnosis and guiding therapy. In fact, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) could be found in a large proportion of these patients, supporting both symptoms and signs of myocardial ischemia. However, CMD represents a diagnostic challenge for two main reasons: (1) the small dimension of the coronary microvasculature prevents direct angiographic visualization, and (2) despite the availability of specific diagnostic tools, they remain invasive and underused in the current clinical practice. For these reasons, CMD remains underdiagnosed, and most of the patients remain with no specific treatment and quality-of-life-limiting symptoms. Of note, recent evidence suggests that a "full physiology" approach for the assessment of the whole coronary vasculature may offer a significant benefit in terms of symptom improvement among patients presenting with ischemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease. We analyze the pathophysiology of coronary microvascular dysfunction, providing the readers with a guide for the invasive assessment of coronary microcirculation, together with the available evidence supporting its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Di Serafino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (L.M.); (M.L.D.R.); (C.C.); (F.S.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (P.C.); (G.E.)
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2
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Kubota M, Oguri A. Diagnostic accuracy of diastolic pressure ratio using a pressure microcatheter for intracoronary physiological assessment. Heart Vessels 2023; 38:1395-1403. [PMID: 37626238 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) has emerged as an alternative to the fractional flow reserve (FFR) for intracoronary physiological assessment. Although all diastolic resting indices are reportedly identical to the iFR, limited data exist on diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) measured using a microcatheter (dPRmicro). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dPRmicro compared to FFR measured using a microcatheter (FFRmicro) in real-world practice for intracoronary physiological assessment. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. We identified 103 consecutive suspected angina pectoris patients (107 lesions) who underwent dPRmicro and FFRmicro measurement using the Navvus® catheter at Takasaki Heart Hospital from March 2019 to June 2019. A total of 103 lesions in 103 patients were finally included in the study. The mean FFRmicro and dPRmicro values were 0.80 and 0.88, respectively. With an FFRmicro ≤ 0.80, the dPRmicro showed a diagnostic accuracy of 79.6%, sensitivity of 74.6%, specificity of 87.5%, positive predictive value of 90.4%, and negative predictive value of 68.6%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.894 (95% confidence interval, 0.833-0.956), and the optimal cut-off value for dPRmicro derived from the ROC analysis was 0.90. dPRmicro and FFRmicro values were discordant in 21/103 cases (20.4%). As a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, the male sex (vs. female) had a statistically significant association with a dPRmicro-FFRmicro discordance (OR 4.91; 95% CI, 1.04-23.0; P = 0.044). No other factors were found to be significantly associated with the discordance. In conclusion, dPRmicro measured using a microcatheter had good diagnostic accuracy and correlation with FFRmicro, hence, it can be useful for making revascularization decisions. However, re-studies in larger populations will be needed to better understand the properties of diastolic resting index measured using a microcatheter in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kubota
- Department of Cardiology, Takasaki Heart Hospital, Gumma, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oguri
- Department of Cardiology, Takasaki Heart Hospital, Gumma, Japan.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Don-Don Mamorou Clinic, Tochigi, Japan.
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Nobre Menezes M, Silva B, Silva JL, Rodrigues T, Marques JS, Guerreiro C, Guedes JP, Oliveira-Santos M, Oliveira AL, Pinto FJ. Segmentation of X-ray coronary angiography with an artificial intelligence deep learning model: Impact in operator visual assessment of coronary stenosis severity. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 102:631-640. [PMID: 37579212 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual assessment of the percentage diameter stenosis (%DSVE ) of lesions is essential in coronary angiography (CAG) interpretation. We have previously developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model capable of accurate CAG segmentation. We aim to compare operators' %DSVE in angiography versus AI-segmented images. METHODS Quantitative coronary analysis (QCA) %DS (%DSQCA ) was previously performed in our published validation dataset. Operators were asked to estimate %DSVE of lesions in angiography versus AI-segmented images in separate sessions and differences were assessed using angiography %DSQCA as reference. RESULTS A total of 123 lesions were included. %DSVE was significantly higher in both the angiography (77% ± 20% vs. 56% ± 13%, p < 0.001) and segmentation groups (59% ± 20% vs. 56% ± 13%, p < 0.001), with a much smaller absolute %DS difference in the latter. For lesions with %DSQCA of 50%-70% (60% ± 5%), an even higher discrepancy was found (angiography: 83% ± 13% vs. 60% ± 5%, p < 0.001; segmentation: 63% ± 15% vs. 60% ± 5%, p < 0.001). Similar, less pronounced, findings were observed for %DSQCA < 50% lesions, but not %DSQCA > 70% lesions. Agreement between %DSQCA /%DSVE across %DSQCA strata (<50%, 50%-70%, >70%) was approximately twice in the segmentation group (60.4% vs. 30.1%; p < 0.001). %DSVE inter-operator differences were smaller with segmentation. CONCLUSION %DSVE was much less discrepant with segmentation versus angiography. Overestimation of %DSQCA < 70% lesions with angiography was especially common. Segmentation may reduce %DSVE overestimation and thus unwarranted revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Nobre Menezes
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Cardiovascular Center of the University of Lisbon, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Coração e Vasos, Serviço de Cardiologia, CHULN Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Cardiovascular Center of the University of Lisbon, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Coração e Vasos, Serviço de Cardiologia, CHULN Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Cardiovascular Center of the University of Lisbon, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Coração e Vasos, Serviço de Cardiologia, CHULN Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Silva Marques
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Cardiovascular Center of the University of Lisbon, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Coração e Vasos, Serviço de Cardiologia, CHULN Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Guerreiro
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Guedes
- Unidade de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia de Intervenção, Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Hospital de Faro, Faro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Oliveira-Santos
- Unidade de Intervenção Cardiovascular, Serviço de Cardiologia do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Central, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Fausto J Pinto
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Cardiovascular Center of the University of Lisbon, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Coração e Vasos, Serviço de Cardiologia, CHULN Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
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Lee OH, Roh JW, Kim Y, Heo SJ, Im E, Cho DK. Invasive physiologic assessment of coronary artery stenosis by resting full-cycle ratio and fractional flow reserve: a prospective observational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15783. [PMID: 37737284 PMCID: PMC10516888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting full-cycle ratio (RFR), an alternative to fractional flow reserve (FFR) for evaluating intermediate coronary artery stenosis, helps reduce patients' time, cost, and discomfort. However, the validation data for RFR and FFR are lacking. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of RFR and FFR and evaluate effective decision-making for revascularization using their values. Patients subjected to an invasive physiological study for intermediate coronary artery stenosis in Yongin Severance hospital between October 2020 and April 2022 were prospectively and consecutively recruited. We evaluated the correlation between RFR and FFR measurements and the diagnostic performance of RFR (≤ 0.89) versus FFR (≤ 0.80). In all, 474 intermediate coronary stenosis lesions from 400 patients were evaluated using RFR and FFR values. There was a strong linear relationship between RFR and FFR (r = 0.75, 95% CI 0.70-0.78, p < 0.01). Comparing diagnostic performance between RFR and FFR, RFR demonstrated diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 85.0%, 80.0%, 86.7%, 67.1%, and 92.7%, respectively. We analyzed the RFR value in the hyperemia zone (0.86-0.93) according to positive (RFR: 0.86-0.89) and negative (RFR: 0.90-0.93) areas. PPV in positive area is 47.8% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 33.8% to 62.0%) and NPV in negative area is 87.7% (95% CI: 80.3% to 93.1%). Excellent correlation exists between RFR and FFR and the diagnostic value of RFR without hyperemia compared with FFR in establishing the accurate functional significance of coronary artery stenosis was shown. RFR alone could evaluate the functional significance of coronary artery stenosis without unnecessary hyperemia, except in the positive area.Trial registration: URL: http://trialsearch.who.int ; Unique identifier: KCT0005255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Hyun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Ji Woong Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yongcheol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Im
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Deok-Kyu Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea.
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Di Serafino L, Barbato E, Serino F, Svanerud J, Scalamogna M, Cirillo P, Petitto M, Esposito M, Silvestri T, Franzone A, Piccolo R, Esposito G. Myocardial mass affects diagnostic performance of non-hyperemic pressure-derived indexes in the assessment of coronary stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:84-89. [PMID: 36265648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Several non-hyperemic pressure-derived Indexes (NHPI) have been introduced for the assessment of coronary stenosis, showing a good correlation with fractional flow reserve (FFR). Notably, either the assessment of NHPI during adenosine administration (NHPIADO) or the Hybrid Approach (NHPIHA), combining NHPI with FFR, have been showed to increase the accuracy of such indexes. It remains unclear whether diagnostic performance might be affected by the extent of the subtended myocardial mass. METHODS We enrolled consecutive patients with an intermediate coronary stenosis assessed with NHPI and FFR. NHPI were also measured during adenosine (ADO) administration (NHPIADO). The amount of jeopardized myocardium was assessed using the Duke Jeopardy Score (DJS). With FFR as reference, we assessed the accuracy of NHPI, NHPIADO and NHPIHA according to the extent of the subtended myocardium. RESULTS One-hundred-seventy stenoses from 151 patients were grouped according to the DJS as follows: A) Small Extent (SE, n = 82); B) Moderate Extent (ME, n = 53); C) Large Extent (LE, n = 35). As compared with FFR, NHPI showed a significantly different accuracy, as assessed by the Youden's index, according to the extent of the jeopardized myocardium (SE: 0.39 ± 0.05, ME: 0.68 ± 0.06, LE: 0.28 ± 0.06, p < 0.001). Conversely, both the NHPIADO (SE: 0.76 ± 0.02, ME: 0.88 ± 0.02, LE: 0.82 ± 0.02, p = 0.72) and NHPIHA (SE: 0.82 ± 0.07, ME: 0.84 ± 0.02, LE: 0.88 ± 0.02, p = 0.70) allowed for a better diagnostic accuracy regardless of the amount of myocardium subtended. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic performance of NHPI might be affected by the extent of myocardial territory subtended by the coronary stenosis. A hybrid approach might be useful to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Serafino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Federica Serino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Scalamogna
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Petitto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mafalda Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Silvestri
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Franzone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piccolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Liang L, Zhu Y, Li F, Guo K, Chang S, Li Q, Zhang Y, Li D. Comparative analysis of instantaneous wave-free ratio and quantitative real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography for the assessment of myocardial perfusion. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:893647. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.893647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and hypothesisThe field of coronary artery physiology is developing rapidly and changing the practice of interventional cardiology. A new functional evaluation technique using the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) has become an alternative to fractional flow reserve. Future research studies need to determine whether physiological indicators play a role in evaluating myocardial perfusion in the catheter room.Materials and methodsThirty-eight patients scheduled for coronary angiography and iFR evaluation underwent a real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) examination at rest. The myocardial perfusion parameters (A, β, and A × β) on the myocardial perfusion curve were quantitatively analyzed using Q-Lab software. Coronary angiography and iFR assessment were completed within 1 week after the RT-MCE examination in all patients. Correlation analysis was used to identify iFR- and MCE-related indicators. The sensitivity and specificity of iFR in the quantitative detection of coronary microcirculation were obtained.ResultsThe correlation coefficients between iFR and A, β, and A × β were 0.81, 0.66, and 0.82, respectively. The cut-off value for iFR was 0.85 for microvascular ischemia detection, while the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of myocardial perfusion were 90.7 and 89.9%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area for iFR was 0.946 in the segments related to myocardial blood flow.ConclusionThe iFR is an effective tool for detecting myocardial microcirculation perfusion, with satisfactory diagnostic performance and a demonstrated role in physiological indices used for the perfusion assessment.
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Chuang MJ, Chang CC, Lee YH, Lu YW, Tsai YL, Chou RH, Wu CH, Lu TM, Huang PH. Clinical assessment of resting full-cycle ratio and fractional flow reserve for coronary artery disease in a real-world cohort. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988820. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThere are few reports published on the comparison of the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) on the assessment of the severity of coronary stenosis. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of RFR for detection of functionally significant coronary lesions.MethodsThis was an observational, retrospective, single-center study. We evaluated both RFR and FFR for 277 coronary lesions of 235 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Patients presenting with chronic coronary syndrome, unstable angina, or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction were included.ResultsThe mean FFR and RFR values were 0.84 ± 0.08 and 0.90 ± 0.08, respectively. RFR significantly correlated with FFR (r = 0.727, P < 0.001). The agreement rate between the FFR and RFR was 79.8% (221/277). The diagnostic performance of RFR vs. FFR was accuracy 79.8%, sensitivity 70.4%, specificity 83.7%, positive predictive value 64.0%, and negative predictive value 87.2%. The discriminative power of RFR to identify lesions with FFR ≤ 0.80 was acceptable when the RFR value was within the gray zone [0.86 ≤ RFR ≤ 0.93; AUC: 0.72 (95% CI:0.63–0.81)], while it was excellent when the RFR value was out of the gray zone [RFR > 0.93 or < 0.86; AUC: 0.94 (95% CI:0.88–0.99)].ConclusionRFR was significantly correlated with FFR in the assessment of intermediate coronary stenosis. An RFR-FFR hybrid approach increases the diagnostic accuracy of RFR in the detection of functionally significant lesions.
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Lei Y, Zhang S, Li M, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao L, Yan W, Chen M, Su Y, Yu J, Yu N, Dong T, Cao X, Yan L. The guiding value of hybrid resting full-cycle ratio and fractional flow reserve strategy for percutaneous coronary intervention in a Chinese real-world cohort with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:991161. [PMID: 36158818 PMCID: PMC9505915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.991161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to assess the correlation and agreement between resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR), and evaluate the guiding value of a hybrid RFR-FFR strategy for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a Chinese real-world cohort with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Materials and methods A total of 109 patients with NSTE-ACS (149 diseased vessels), who underwent an invasive physiological assessment in Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to May 2022. FFR ≤ 0.80 was used as the gold standard for coronary artery functional ischemia. We utilized the Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis to assess the correlation and agreement between RFR and FFR. The diagnostic value of RFR predicting FFR ≤ 0.80 was evaluated in accordance with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The hybrid RFR-FFR strategy, which was established according to determining the “gray zone” of RFR (FFR was further assessed using vasodilators only for diseased vessels in the “gray zone”), needed to afford over 95% global agreement with the FFR-only strategy. Results Resting full-cycle ratio was significantly linearly linked with FFR (R2 = 0.636, P < 0.001). The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for RFR ≤ 0.89 predicting FFR ≤ 0.80 were 81.2, 70.8, and 86.1%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for RFR predicting FFR ≤ 0.80 was 0.881 (P < 0.001), and the cutoff value was 0.90. The “gray zone” of RFR was 0.85–0.93. The positive and negative predictive values of the hybrid RFR-FFR strategy were 0.95 and 0.93, respectively. The hybrid RFR-FFR strategy exhibited an agreement of 96.0% with FFR and obviated the need for a vasodilator by 60.4%. Conclusion Resting full-cycle ratio and FFR have high correlation and consistency. The hybrid RFR-FFR strategy highlights considerably enhanced agreement with the FFR-only strategy, whilst making the requirement of vasodilator administration less than a half.
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Fernández-Rodríguez D, Casanova-Sandoval J, Barriuso I, Rivera K, Otaegui I, del Blanco BG, Jiménez TG, López-Pérez M, Rodríguez-Esteban M, Torres-Saura F, Díaz VJ, Ocaranza-Sánchez R, Disdier VP, Elvira GS, Worner F. Ajustando a RFR por Preditores de Discordância, “A RFR Ajustada”: Uma Metodologia Alternativa para Melhorar a Capacidade Diagnóstica dos Índices Coronarianos. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:705-713. [DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Altstidl JM, Achenbach S, Marwan M, Tröbs M, Schacher N, Ferstl P, Gerlach A, Schlundt C, Gaede L. Comparison of adenosine-independent pressure indices to fractional flow reserve in stent-jailed bifurcation side branches. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 100:369-377. [PMID: 35723275 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate whether the high correlation and classification agreement of the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and the resting distal coronary to aortic pressure ratio (Pd /Pa ) with the fractional flow reserve (FFR) can be confirmed in stent-jailed side branches (J-SB). METHODS Consecutive patients (n = 49) undergoing provisional stenting were prospectively enrolled and a physiological assessment of the J-SB (n = 51) was performed. FFR, iFR, and Pd /Pa were measured and the hemodynamic relevance was determined using cutoff values of ≤0.80, ≤0.89, and ≤0.92, respectively. RESULTS Both iFR (r = 0.75) and Pd /Pa (r = 0.77) correlated closely with FFR. Classification agreement with FFR was 78% for iFR (81% sensitivity, 77% specificity) and 75% for Pd /Pa (63% sensitivity and 80% specificity). However, angiographic diameter stenosis and pressure indices correlated poorly. For a threshold of ≥70% stenosis, agreement concerning hemodynamic relevance was found in 59% for FFR, 69% for iFR, and 61% for Pd /Pa . CONCLUSION As reported for other lesion types, FFR and the adenosine-independent pressure indices iFR and Pd /Pa show close correlation and a high classification agreement of approximately 75%-80% in J-SB. Therefore, iFR can be regarded as a recommendable alternative to FFR for the guidance of provisional stenting in bifurcation lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Michael Altstidl
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Marwan
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monique Tröbs
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nora Schacher
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Ferstl
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Gerlach
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlundt
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luise Gaede
- Department of Medicine 2 - Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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LI NA, LIU JINCHENG, LI BAO, BAI LAN, FENG YILI, LIU JIAN, ZHANG LIYUAN, YANG HAISHENG, LIU YOUJUN. PERSONALIZED FLOW DIVISION METHOD BASED ON THE LEFT-RIGHT CORONARY CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA. J MECH MED BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519422500087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a personalized method to estimate blood flow distribution based on the cross-sectional area of the left-right coronary artery openings. According to the cross-sectional area of the left-right coronary artery in 30 cases, a personalized flow distribution model was derived. A 0D/3D geometric multiscale model was used for the numerical simulation of FFR. To evaluate the accuracy of the cross-sectional area method, invasive FFR was used as the standard. The diagnostic efficiency of the proposed method was verified through the simulation results of the volume and the fixed ratio methods. The flow of the left-right coronary artery was proportional to the 3/4 power of the cross-sectional area. The 95% LOA between the cross-sectional area method, volume method, fixed ratio method and FFR were [Formula: see text]0.06 ([[Formula: see text]0.22, 0.10]), [Formula: see text]0.03 ([[Formula: see text]0.35, 0.28]), and [Formula: see text]0.05 ([[Formula: see text]0.30, 0.20]), the accuracy values were 94.44%, 77.78%, and 77.78%, respectively. Flow distribution based on the cross-sectional area represents the supply and demand relationship of the myocardium. The flow of the left-right coronary arteries is proportional to the 3/4 exponent of the cross-sectional area, which affects the accuracy of FFRCT by affecting the exit boundary conditions of the 0D/3D model.
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Affiliation(s)
- NA LI
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - JINCHENG LIU
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - BAO LI
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - LAN BAI
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - YILI FENG
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - JIAN LIU
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing P. R. China
| | - LIYUAN ZHANG
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - HAISHENG YANG
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - YOUJUN LIU
- College of Life Science and Chemistry Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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De Filippo O, Gallone G, D'Ascenzo F, Leone AM, Mancone M, Quadri G, Barbieri L, Bossi I, Boccuzzi G, Montone RA, Burzotta F, Iannaccone M, Montefusco A, Carugo S, Castelli C, Oreglia J, Cerrato E, Peirone A, Zaccardo G, Sardella G, Niccoli G, Omedè P, Varbella F, Rognoni A, Trani C, Conrotto F, Escaned J, De Ferrari GM. Predictors of fractional flow reserve/instantaneous wave-free ratio discordance: impact of tailored diagnostic cut-offs on clinical outcomes of deferred lesions. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:106-115. [PMID: 34958314 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-related and lesion-related factors may influence instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR)/fractional flow reserve (FFR) concordance, potentially affecting the safety of revascularization deferral. METHODS Consecutive patients with at least an intermediate coronary stenosis evaluated by both iFR and FFR were retrospectively enrolled. The agreement between iFR and FFR at their diagnostic cut-offs (FFR 0.80, iFR 0.89) was assessed. Predictors of discordance were assessed using multivariate analyses. Tailored iFR cut-offs according to predictors of discordance best matching an FFR of 0.80 were identified. The impact of reclassification according to tailored iFR cut-offs on major cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or target-lesion revascularization) among deferred lesions was investigated. RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-nine intermediate coronary stenosis [FFR 0.84 (0.78-0.89), iFR 0.91 (0.87-0.95), 202 left main/left anterior descending (LM/LAD) vessels, 67.6%] of 260 patients were studied. Discordance rate was 23.4% (n = 70, 10.7% iFR-negative discordant, 12.7% iFR-positive discordant). Predictors of discordance were LM/LAD disease, multivessel disease, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, smoking, reduced eGFR and hypertension. Lesion reclassification with tailored iFR cut-offs based on patient-level predictors carried no prognostic value among deferred lesions. Reclassification according to lesion location, which was entirely driven by LM/LAD lesions (iFR cut-offs: 0.93 for LM/LAD, 0.89 for non-LM/LAD), identified increased MACE among lesions deferred based on a negative FFR, between patients with a positive as compared with a negative iFR (19.4 vs. 6.1%, P = 0.044), whereas the same association was not observed with the conventional 0.89 iFR cut-off (15 vs. 8.6%, P = 0.303). CONCLUSION Tailored vessel-based iFR cut-offs carry prognostic value among FFR-negative lesions, suggesting that a one-size-fit-all iFR cut-off might be clinically unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Irene Bossi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | | | | | | | - Mario Iannaccone
- S.G. Bosco Hospital, Torino.,SS. Annunziata Hospital, Savigliano
| | | | | | - Chiara Castelli
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | | | - Andrea Peirone
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Omedè
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Al-Lamee R, Rajkumar CA, Ganesananthan S, Jeremias A. Optimising physiological endpoints of percutaneous coronary intervention. EUROINTERVENTION 2021; 16:e1470-e1483. [PMID: 33792544 PMCID: PMC9753914 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-20-00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive coronary physiology to select patients for coronary revascularisation has become established in contemporary guidelines for the management of stable coronary artery disease. Compared to revascularisation based on angiography alone, the use of coronary physiology has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and cost efficiency. However, recent data from randomised controlled trials have cast doubt upon the value of ischaemia testing to select patients for revascularisation. Importantly, 20-40% of patients have persistence or recurrence of angina after angiographically successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This state-of-the-art review is focused on the transitioning role of invasive coronary physiology from its use as a dichotomous test for ischaemia with fixed cut-points, towards its utility for real-time guidance of PCI to optimise physiological results. We summarise the contemporary evidence base for ischaemia testing in stable coronary artery disease, examine emerging indices which allow advanced physiological guidance of PCI, and discuss the rationale and evidence base for post-PCI physiological assessments to assess the success of revascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Lamee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 2nd Floor, B Block, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Rajkumar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allen Jeremias
- Department of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, The Heart Center, Roslyn, NY, USA
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14
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Westra J, Eftekhari A, Tu S, Campo G, Escaned J, Winther S, Matsuo H, Qu X, Koltowski L, Chang Y, Liu T, Yang J, Andersen BK, Wijns W, Böttcher M, Christiansen EH, Xu B, Holm NR. Resting distal to aortic pressure ratio and fractional flow reserve discordance affects the diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio: Results from an individual patient data meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 97:825-832. [PMID: 32478462 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) related to fractional flow reserve (FFR) and resting distal-to-aortic pressure ratio (resting Pd/Pa) concordance. BACKGROUND QFR is a method for computation of FFR based on standard coronary angiography. It is unclear how QFR is performed in patients with discordance between FFR and resting pressure ratios (distal-to-aortic pressure ratio [Pd/Pa]). MATERIALS AND METHODS The main comparison was the diagnostic performance of QFR with FFR as reference stratified by correspondence between FFR and resting Pd/Pa. Secondary outcome measures included distribution of clinical or procedural characteristics stratified by FFR and resting Pd/Pa correspondence. RESULTS Four prospective studies matched the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed on patient level data reaching a total of 759 patients and 887 vessels with paired FFR, QFR, and resting Pd/Pa. Median FFR was 0.85 (IQR: 0.77-0.90). Diagnostic accuracy of QFR with FFR as reference was higher if FFR corresponded to resting Pd/Pa: accuracy 90% (95% CI: 88-92) versus 72% (95% CI: 64-80), p < .001, and sAUC 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.96) versus 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69-0.77), p < .001. Resting Pd/Pa and FFR discordance were related to age, sex, hypertension, and lesion severity. CONCLUSION Diagnostic performance of QFR with FFR as reference is reduced for lesions with discordant FFR (≤0.80) and resting Pd/Pa (≤0.92) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer Westra
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Ashkan Eftekhari
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Shengxian Tu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Javier Escaned
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon Winther
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Hitoshi Matsuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Heart Center, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lukasz Koltowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yunxiao Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tommy Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Hagaziesskenhuis, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - William Wijns
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Curam, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Morten Böttcher
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Unit West Jutland, Herning, Denmark
| | | | - Bo Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Usefulness of the Hybrid RFR-FFR Approach: Results of a Prospective and Multicenter Analysis of Diagnostic Agreement between RFR and FFR-The RECOPA (REsting Full-Cycle Ratio Comparation versus Fractional Flow Reserve (A Prospective Validation)) Study. J Interv Cardiol 2021; 2021:5522707. [PMID: 34007248 PMCID: PMC8026323 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The resting full‐cycle ratio (RFR) is a novel resting index which in contrast to the gold standard (fractional flow reserve (FFR)) does not require maximum hyperemia induction. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agreement between RFR and FFR with the currently recommended thresholds and to design a hybrid RFR-FFR ischemia detection strategy, allowing a reduction of coronary vasodilator use. Materials and Methods Patients subjected to invasive physiological study in 9 Spanish centers were prospectively recruited between April 2019 and March 2020. Sensitivity and specificity studies were made to assess diagnostic accuracy between the recommended levels of RFR ≤0.89 and FFR ≤0.80 (primary objective) and to determine the RFR “grey zone” in order to define a hybrid strategy with FFR affording 95% global agreement compared with FFR alone (secondary objective). Results A total of 380 lesions were evaluated in 311 patients. Significant correlation was observed (R2 = 0.81; P < 0.001) between the two techniques, with 79% agreement between RFR ≤ 0.89 and FFR ≤ 0.80 (positive predictive value, 68%, and negative predictive value, 80%). The hybrid RFR-FFR strategy, administering only adenosine in the “grey zone” (RFR: 0.86 to 0.92), exhibited an agreement of over 95% with FFR, with high predictive values (positive predictive value, 91%, and negative predictive value, 92%), reducing the need for vasodilators by 58%. Conclusions Dichotomous agreement between RFR and FFR with the recommended thresholds is significant but limited. The adoption of a hybrid RFR-FFR strategy affords very high agreement, with minimization of vasodilator use.
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16
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Gong Y, Feng Y, Yi T, Yang F, Li Y, Zhang L, Zheng B, Hong T, Liu Z, Huo Y, Li J, Huo Y. Coronary Angiography-Derived Diastolic Pressure Ratio. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:596401. [PMID: 33195166 PMCID: PMC7641609 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.596401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Based on the aortic pressure waveform, a specially designed computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method was proposed to determine coronary angiography-derived diastolic pressure ratio (caDPR) without using invasive pressure wire. The aim of the study is to retrospectively assess diagnostic performance of the caDPR in the catheterization laboratory, based on a previous multicenter trial for online assessment of coronary angiography-derived FFR (caFFR). Methods and Results Patients with diagnosis of stable or unstable angina pectoris were enrolled in six centers. Wire-derived FFR was measured in coronary arteries with 30–90% diameter stenosis. Offline caDPR was assessed in blinded fashion against wire-derived FFR at an independent core laboratory. A total of 330 patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled from June 26 to December 18, 2018. Offline computed caDPR and wire-derived FFR were compared in 328 interrogated vessels. The caDPR with a cutoff value of 0.89 shows diagnostic accuracy of 87.7%, sensitivity of 89.5%, specificity of 86.8%, and AUC of 0.940 against the wire-derived FFR with a cutoff value of 0.80. Conclusions Using wired-based FFR as the standard reference, there is good diagnostic performance of the novel-CFD-design caDPR. Hence, caDPR could enhance the hemodynamic assessment of coronary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundi Feng
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tieci Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Johnson NP, Li W, Chen X, Hennigan B, Watkins S, Berry C, Fearon WF, Oldroyd KG. Diastolic pressure ratio: new approach and validation vs. the instantaneous wave-free ratio. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:2585-2594. [PMID: 31329863 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and whole-cycle Pd/Pa investigate coronary physiology during non-hyperaemic conditions. To test for unique physiologic properties of the wave-free period when making resting coronary pressure measurements, we compared post hoc a diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) and Pd/Pa against iFR for numerical similarity and test/retest repeatability. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight hundred and ninety-three lesions from 833 subjects were included from the VERIFY 2 and CONTRAST studies. Diastolic pressure ratio and a linear transform of Pd/Pa were compared against iFR for diagnostic performance. Mean difference between dPR and iFR [Δ = -0.006 ± 0.011, r2 = 0.993, area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) = 0.997] mirrored the difference of two iFR measurements repeated immediately (Δ = <0.001 ± 0.004, r2 = 0.998, AUC = 1.00). Minor variations in the definition of dPR changed its value by <1-2% over a broad range of the cardiac cycle. A linear transform of Pd/Pa showed very good diagnostic performance (Δ = -0.012 ± 0.031, r2 = 0.927, AUC = 0.979). Post hoc iFR values were validated against real-time iFR values and matched almost exactly (average Δ = <0.001 ± 0.004, 99.6% within ±0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our dPR offers numerical equivalency to iFR. Despite different technical approaches for identifying the relevant period of diastole, the agreement between dPR and iFR and the insensitivity of dPR to minor variations in its definition further confirm numerical equivalency among resting metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils P Johnson
- Weatherhead PET Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth and Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Boston Scientific Corporation, CA, USA
| | - Barry Hennigan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Agamemnon Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart Watkins
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Agamemnon Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Agamemnon Street, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Keith G Oldroyd
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Agamemnon Street, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Tajeddini F, Nikmaneshi MR, Firoozabadi B, Pakravan HA, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Afshin H. High precision invasive FFR, low-cost invasive iFR, or non-invasive CFR?: optimum assessment of coronary artery stenosis based on the patient-specific computational models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3382. [PMID: 32621661 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to apply computational fluid dynamic (CFD) as a complementary tool for clinical tests to not only predict the present and future status of left coronary artery stenosis but also to evaluate some clinical hypotheses. In order to assess the present status of the coronary artery stenosis severity, and thereby selecting the most appropriate type of treatment for each patient, fractional flow reserve (FFR), instantaneous wave free-ratio (iFR), and coronary flow reserve (CFR) are calculated. To examine FFR, iFR, and CFR results, the effect of geometric features of stenoses, including diameter reduction (%), lesion length (LL), and minimum lumen diameter (MLD), is studied on them. It is observed that FFR is a more conservative index than iFR and CFR to assess the severity of coronary stenosis. In addition, it is seen that FFR, iFR, and CFR decrease by increasing LL and decreasing MLD. Therefore, the morphological indices, LL/MLD and LL/MLD̂4, with the calculated conservative cut-off values equal to 5.5 and 3.6, are considered. Next, some controversial clinical hypotheses about the assessment of the severity of coronary stenosis are evaluated numerically. These include the examination of FFR, iFR, and CFR accuracies, investigating the effect of coronary hyperemia on iFR, as well as the reliability of the hybrid iFR-FFR decision-making strategy. The presented numerical model can also be used as a predictive tool to identify the atherosuseptible sites of arteries by calculating the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Tajeddini
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikmaneshi
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bahar Firoozabadi
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Afshin
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Onishi K, Watanabe H, Kakehi K, Ikeda T, Takase T, Yamaji K, Ueno M, Kobuke K, Nakazawa G, Miyazaki S, Iwanaga Y. Determinants and prognostic implications of instantaneous wave-free ratio in patients with mild to intermediate coronary stenosis: Comparison with those of fractional flow reserve. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237275. [PMID: 32760123 PMCID: PMC7410195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is used for assessing the hemodynamic severity of a lesion, as an alternative to the fractional flow reserve (FFR). We evaluated the relationship between iFR and FFR in detail and the clinical significance of iFR in patients with mild to intermediate coronary artery stenosis. We recruited consecutive 323 patients (421 lesions) with lesions exhibiting 30% to 80% diameter stenosis on angiography in whom FFR and iFR were measured. In the total lesions, mean diameter stenosis was 48.6% ± 9.0%, and physiological significance, defined by FFR of 0.80 or less or by iFR of 0.92 or less, was observed in 32.5% or 33.5%, respectively. Mismatch between iFR and FFR was observed in 18.1% of the lesions. Clinical factors did not predict FFR value; however, gender, diabetes mellitus, aortic stenosis, anemia, high-sensitivity CRP value, and renal function predicted iFR value. In multivariate logistic analysis after adjustment for FFR value, gender (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.005), aortic stenosis (p = 0.016), high-sensitivity CRP (p < 0.001), and renal function (p = 0.003) were all independent predictors of iFR value. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the baseline iFR predicted the subsequent major cardiovascular events (MACE) (hazard ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.16–4.93; p = 0.018) and the results of the iFR-guided strategy for predicting rates of MACE and myocardial infarction/revascularization were superior to those of the FFR-guided strategy. In conclusion, significant clinical factors predicted iFR value, which affected the prognostic capacity. The iFR-guided strategy may be superior in patients with mild to intermediate stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Onishi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Heitaro Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kakehi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ikeda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Toru Takase
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamaji
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobuke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Gaku Nakazawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Iwanaga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Vieira HCA, Ferreira MCM, Nunes LC, Cardoso CJF, Nascimento EMD, Oliveira GMMD. Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia with iFR (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio in the Catheterization Laboratory: A Pilot Study. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:256-264. [PMID: 32215494 PMCID: PMC7077572 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20180298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio (iFR) is an invasive functional evaluation method that does not require vasoactive drugs to induce maximum hyperemia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of the iFR to the therapeutic decision-making of coronary lesions in the absence of non-invasive diagnostic methods for ischemia, or in case of discordance between these methods and coronary angiography. METHOD We studied patients older than 18 years, of both sexes, consecutively referred for percutaneous treatment between May 2014 and March 2018. Coronary stenotic lesions were classified by visual estimation of the stenosis diameter into moderate (41-70% stenosis) or severe (71%-90%). An iFR ≤ 0.89 was considered positive for ischemia. Logistic regression was performed using the elastic net, with placement of stents as outcome variable, and age, sex, arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, family history, obesity and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as independent variables. Classification trees, ROC curves, and Box Plot graphs were constructed using the R software. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty-two patients with 96 stenotic lesions (56 moderate, 40 severe) were evaluated. The iFR cut-off point of 0.87 showed a sensitivity of 0.57 and 1-specificity of 0.88, demonstrating high accuracy in reclassifying the lesions. Diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and presence of moderate lesions with an iFR < 0.87 were predictors of stent implantation. Stents were used in 32% of lesions in patients with stable coronary artery disease and AMI with or without ST elevation (non-culprit lesions). CONCLUSION The iFR has an additional value to the therapeutic decision making in moderate and severe coronary stenotic lesions, by contributing to the reclassification of lesions and decreasing the need for stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emilia Matos do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil.,Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste - UEZO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
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21
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Instantaneous wave-free ratio cutoff values for nonculprit stenosis classification in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (an iSTEMI substudy). Coron Artery Dis 2020; 31:411-416. [PMID: 32168054 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The instantaneous wave-free ratio cutoff value of <0.90 for hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses has been validated in stable patients. We examined different cutoff values in the evaluation of nonculprit stenoses in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. METHODS We measured instantaneous wave-free ratio across nonculprit stenoses in the acute setting and at follow-up in 120 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 157 nonculprit stenoses, of which, 113 patients with 147 nonculprit stenoses completed follow-up. METHODS The prevalence of nonculprit stenosis hemodynamic significance was 52% in the acute setting and 41% at follow-up. With follow-up, instantaneous wave-free ratio as reference, acute instantaneous wave-free ratio >0.90 had a negative predictive value of 89%. Acute instantaneous wave-free ratio <0.90 had a positive predictive value of 68%. Acute instantaneous wave-free ratio >0.93 had a negative predictive value of 100%. Acute instantaneous wave-free ratio <0.86 and <0.83 had positive predictive values of 71 and 77%. Using acute instantaneous wave-free ratio <0.90 as cutoff for hemodynamic significance yielded the highest degree of classification agreement between acute and follow-up instantaneous wave-free ratio. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, acute instantaneous wave-free ratio with the cutoff values <0.90 for hemodynamic significance appears optimal in the evaluation of nonculprit stenoses and has a high negative predictive value and a moderate positive predictive value.
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Fukuoka S, Kurita T, Takasaki A, Nakata T, Fujimoto N, Masuda J, Hoshino K, Tanigawa T, Koyabu S, Ito M, Dohi K. Clinical usefulness of instantaneous wave-free ratio for the evaluation of coronary artery lesion with prior myocardial infarction: A multi-center study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 26:100431. [PMID: 31890864 PMCID: PMC6931066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is useful for assessing the functional significance of coronary artery stenosis, even in lesions with prior myocardial infarction (pMI). Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a vasodilator-free alternative for the physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis. In addition, iFR shows good diagnostic agreement with FFR and an iFR-guided revascularization strategy was non-inferior to an FFR-guided revascularization strategy. However, the clinical usefulness of iFR for the evaluation of a coronary artery lesions with pMI has not been evaluated. Methods and Results A total of 200 lesions from 200 patients (44 pMI territories lesions and 156 non-pMI coronary artery lesions) were analyzed retrospectively. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, unstable angina pectoris, fatal arrhythmia and heart failure during 12 months follow-up after the physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis. iFR was closely correlated with FFR in pMI and non-pMI lesions (r = 0.81 and 0.72; P < 0.001, respectively). In pMI lesions, an iFR cut-off of 0.89 was optimal against a clinical FFR cut-off of 0.80 according to receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, whereas in non-pMI lesions, the iFR cut-off value was 0.92 without statistical significance. In addition, the event rate of MACE was similar between pMI and non-pMI patients during follow-up even in the presence or absence of an PCI procedure. Conclusions iFR may be a useful alternative method compared with FFR for clinical decision-making even in pMI patients.
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Diagnostic performance of a vessel-length-based method to compute the instantaneous wave-free ratio in coronary arteries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1132. [PMID: 31980645 PMCID: PMC6981213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a recently introduced vasodilator-free index to assess the functional severity of coronary stenosis in the resting state, while fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard index in hyperemia. The computed instantaneous wave-free ratio (CT-iFR) is a noninvasive method to estimate iFR using computer simulations. Here, we developed a vessel-length-based CT-iFR method in patient-specific models of coronary arteries. This method was implemented by coupling a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with a lumped parameter model (LPM) of coronary circulation in a non-hyperemic resting state. A time-varying resistance in the LPM was used for the iFR simulation. In total, 50 coronary vessels of 32 patients were computed, and their CT-iFR values were compared with clinically measured iFRs to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the present CT-iFR method. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of CT-iFR validation was 0.93. In diagnostic performances of CT-iFR, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 86%, 83.3%, and 86.8%, respectively. These results indicate that this CT-iFR method can be used as a pre-operative aid to establish a percutaneous coronary intervention strategy as a noninvasive alternative to iFR.
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Hadži-Tanović L, Bošković N, Dedić S, Beleslin B. The prognostic significance of coronary flow reserve in the risk stratification of patients with chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery and the intermediary stenosis of the left coronary artery. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/mp71-22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR) is a clinically useful, non-invasive diagnostic method for assessing the functional ability of coronary arteries and it is important for their long-term follow-up in patients. However, CFR has not always been sufficiently investigated in previous studies. Objective: To examine the prognostic significance of CFR in the risk stratification of patients with chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) and the intermediary stenosis of the left coronary artery (LAD). Material and Methods: Number of 71 patients, mean age 64 ± 7 years, (84%) patients male, having LAD stenosis, diameter 50-70%, and CTO of RCA, were referred for noninvasive estimation of functional significance of LAD stenosis. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography was used to obtain coronary flow velocities in the distal segment of LAD. Patients were followed for the mean period of 18.3 ± 7.1 months for the occurrence of composite end point including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery and PCI. Results: During the follow-up period, there were a total of 23 adverse events (4 deaths, 2 myocardial infarction, 7 bypass surgeries and 10 PCI). Patients with CFR < 2 had significantly more adverse events (n = 9; 56.3% vs. n = 14; 25.5%; p = 0.021), they were significantly older (68 ± 9 vs. 62 ± 6; p = 0.011), with a higher incidence of a positive family history (14; 87.5% vs. 26; 47.3%; p = 0.039), as well as a significantly higher frequency of three-dose coronary disease (14; 87.5% vs. 30; 54.5%; p = 0.017). Using Kaplan-Meier estimator, we obtained that patients with CFR < 2 have a significantly shorter average period without unwanted event (15.4 ± 2.8 months vs 23.5 ± 1.1 months, Log Rank 7.407; p = 0.008). Conclusion: CFR plays an important role in stratifying the risk of patients with CTO of RCA and the intermediary stenosis of LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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26
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Hampe N, Wolterink JM, van Velzen SGM, Leiner T, Išgum I. Machine Learning for Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease in Cardiac CT: A Survey. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:172. [PMID: 32039237 PMCID: PMC6988816 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) allows rapid visualization of the heart and coronary arteries with high spatial resolution. However, analysis of cardiac CT scans for manifestation of coronary artery disease is time-consuming and challenging. Machine learning (ML) approaches have the potential to address these challenges with high accuracy and consistent performance. In this mini review, we present a survey of the literature on ML-based analysis of coronary artery disease in cardiac CT. We summarize ML methods for detection and characterization of atherosclerotic plaque as well as anatomically and functionally significant coronary artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hampe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jelmer M Wolterink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sanne G M van Velzen
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ivana Išgum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tsao AL, Faxon DP. Fractional Flow Reserve: Does Sex Matter? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:2047-2049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nakao F, Ikeda Y, Oda T, Ueda T, Ueyama T, Fujii T. Relationship between coronary diastolic pressure indexes during the wave-free period and a novel pressure-derived index: Diastolic pressure ratio at the optimal point. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 94:348-355. [PMID: 30478978 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the diastolic pressure ratio at the optimal point (DROP) using a simple measurement algorithm and to compare DROP with distal coronary-to-aortic pressure ratios during the wave-free period (PRWFP ) and at the mid-diastolic point (PRMD ). METHODS Distal coronary and aortic pressures were measured from color pressure images of 440 beats in 48 patients with coronary stenoses. The DROP measurement point was 67% for one beat between the two rising points on the aortic pressure curve according to the distribution of the wave-free period and the mid-diastolic point. RESULTS DROP correlated closely with PRWFP (r = 0.993, P < 0.0001) and PRMD (r = 0.997, P < 0.0001). The diagnostic efficiency was excellent (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.997) for both PRWFP ≤ 0.89 (specificity, 0.99; sensitivity, 0.96) and PRMD ≤ 0.89 (specificity, 0.95; sensitivity, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS A simple pressure-derived physiological marker of coronary stenosis, DROP, might represent other diastolic pressure indexes with a numerical equivalency to the instantaneous wave-free ratio. DROP can be measured automatically assuming that the rising points on the aortic pressure curve are detectable. However, further large-scale clinical investigations are needed to determine whether DROP could contribute to the further generalization of physiology-guided percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Nakao
- Department of Cardiology, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Cardiology, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takamasa Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tooru Ueda
- Department of Cardiology, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueyama
- Department of Cardiology, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center, Hofu, Yamaguchi, Japan
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De Rosa S, Polimeni A, Petraco R, Davies JE, Indolfi C. Diagnostic Performance of the Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio: Comparison With Fractional Flow Reserve. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 11:e004613. [PMID: 29326150 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.116.004613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of all available studies comparing the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) with fractional flow reserve (FFR). METHODS AND RESULTS Published trials comparing the iFR with FFR were searched for in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus electronic databases. A total of 23 studies were available for the analysis, including 6381 stenoses. First, a meta-analysis of all studies was performed exploring the correlation between FFR and iFR. Interestingly, we found good correlation (0.798 [0.78-0.82]) between the 2 indices (P<0.001). In addition, to evaluate the diagnostic performance of iFR to identify FFR-positive coronary stenoses, we performed an additional meta-analysis, summarizing the results of receiver operating characteristics analyses from individual studies reporting the area under the curve. Summing the results of these studies, we found that iFR has a good diagnostic performance for the identification of FFR-positive stenoses (area under the curve=0.88 [0.86-0.90]; P<0.001). Furthermore, our search results included 5 studies that compared iFR and FFR to a third independent reference standard. Interestingly, no significant differences between iFR and FFR were reported in those studies. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis shows that iFR significantly correlates with standard FFR and shows a good diagnostic performance in identifying FFR-positive coronary stenoses. Finally, iFR and FFR have similar diagnostic efficiency for detection of ischemia-inducing stenoses when tested against a third comparator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore De Rosa
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (S.D.R., A.P., C.I.) and URT-CNR of IFC (C.I.), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., J.E.D.)
| | - Alberto Polimeni
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (S.D.R., A.P., C.I.) and URT-CNR of IFC (C.I.), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., J.E.D.)
| | - Ricardo Petraco
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (S.D.R., A.P., C.I.) and URT-CNR of IFC (C.I.), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., J.E.D.)
| | - Justin E Davies
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (S.D.R., A.P., C.I.) and URT-CNR of IFC (C.I.), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., J.E.D.)
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (S.D.R., A.P., C.I.) and URT-CNR of IFC (C.I.), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., J.E.D.).
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Arashi H, Yamaguchi J, Ri T, Tanaka K, Otsuki H, Nakao M, Kamishima K, Jujo K, Minami Y, Ogawa H, Hagiwara N. Evaluation of the cut-off value for the instantaneous wave-free ratio of patients with aortic valve stenosis. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2018; 34:269-274. [PMID: 30460666 DOI: 10.1007/s12928-018-0556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the clinical value of iFR for AS patients. Functional evaluation of coronary stenosis in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) is challenging because the stress-induced test is often thought to be a contraindication. AS patients have a unique coronary flow pattern dependent on the diastolic phase. The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a vasodilator-free, invasive pressure wire index of the functional severity of coronary stenosis and is calculated under resting conditions. And iFR calculated during a specific period of diastole may have the potential benefit to assess the functional severity of coronary stenosis in AS patients. We examined 158 consecutive patients (217 stenoses) whose iFR and fractional flow reserve (FFR) were measured simultaneously. Among the 158 patients, AS was observed in 13 (8.2%). The iFR showed good correlation with FFR in AS patients. The best cut-off value of iFR for the receiver-operator curve analysis to predict FFR of 0.8 was 0.9 for non-AS patients. However, it was 0.73 for AS patients. The present study demonstrated good correlation between iFR and FFR for AS patients. Vasodilator-free assessment using iFR may provide potential benefits when evaluating coronary stenosis in patients with AS. In AS patients, the best cut-off of iFR value predicting FFR value of 0.8 was lower than 0.9 that is the standard predictive value of iFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arashi
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Tonre Ri
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hisao Otsuki
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakao
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuho Kamishima
- Department of Cardiology, Rissho Kosei-kai Kosei General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jujo
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Minami
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hagiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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Fujimoto S, Kawasaki T, Kumamaru KK, Kawaguchi Y, Dohi T, Okonogi T, Ri K, Yamada S, Takamura K, Kato E, Kato Y, Hiki M, Okazaki S, Aoki S, Mitsouras D, Rybicki FJ, Daida H. Diagnostic performance of on-site computed CT-fractional flow reserve based on fluid structure interactions: comparison with invasive fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave-free ratio. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 20:343-352. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kanako K Kumamaru
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kawaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Okonogi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Keiken Ri
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sou Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuro Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dimitris Mitsouras
- Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank J Rybicki
- Department of Radiology, The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Westra J, Andersen BK, Campo G, Matsuo H, Koltowski L, Eftekhari A, Liu T, Di Serafino L, Di Girolamo D, Escaned J, Nef H, Naber C, Barbierato M, Tu S, Neghabat O, Madsen M, Tebaldi M, Tanigaki T, Kochman J, Somi S, Esposito G, Mercone G, Mejia-Renteria H, Ronco F, Bøtker HE, Wijns W, Christiansen EH, Holm NR. Diagnostic Performance of In-Procedure Angiography-Derived Quantitative Flow Reserve Compared to Pressure-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve: The FAVOR II Europe-Japan Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.009603. [PMID: 29980523 PMCID: PMC6064860 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a novel modality for physiological lesion assessment based on 3‐dimensional vessel reconstructions and contrast flow velocity estimates. We evaluated the value of online QFR during routine invasive coronary angiography for procedural feasibility, diagnostic performance, and agreement with pressure‐wire–derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) as a gold standard in an international multicenter study. Methods and Results FAVOR II E‐J (Functional Assessment by Various Flow Reconstructions II Europe‐Japan) was a prospective, observational, investigator‐initiated study. Patients with stable angina pectoris were enrolled in 11 international centers. FFR and online QFR computation were performed in all eligible lesions. An independent core lab performed 2‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (2D‐QCA) analysis of all lesions assessed with QFR and FFR. The primary comparison was sensitivity and specificity of QFR compared with 2D‐QCA using FFR as a reference standard. A total of 329 patients were enrolled. Paired assessment of FFR, QFR, and 2D‐QCA was available for 317 lesions. Mean FFR, QFR, and percent diameter stenosis were 0.83±0.09, 0.82±10, and 45±10%, respectively. FFR was ≤0.80 in 104 (33%) lesions. Sensitivity and specificity by QFR was significantly higher than by 2D‐QCA (sensitivity, 86.5% (78.4–92.4) versus 44.2% (34.5–54.3); P<0.001; specificity, 86.9% (81.6–91.1) versus 76.5% (70.3–82.0); P=0.002). Area under the receiver curve was significantly higher for QFR compared with 2D‐QCA (area under the receiver curve, 0.92 [0.89–0.96] versus 0.64 [0.57–0.70]; P<0.001). Median time to QFR was significantly lower than median time to FFR (time to QFR, 5.0 minutes [interquartile range, –6.1] versus time to FFR, 7.0 minutes [interquartile range, 5.0–10.0]; P<0.001). Conclusions Online computation of QFR in the catheterization laboratory is clinically feasible and is superior to angiographic assessment for evaluation of intermediary coronary artery stenosis using FFR as a reference standard. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02959814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer Westra
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | | | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (RA), Italy
| | - Hitoshi Matsuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Heart Center, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Lukasz Koltowski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ashkan Eftekhari
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Tommy Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Hagaziekenhuis, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Di Serafino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Barbierato
- Emodinamica Aziendale AULSS 3 Serenissima, Ospedale Dell'Angelo, Mestre, Italy
| | - Shengxian Tu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Omeed Neghabat
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Morten Madsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Matteo Tebaldi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Toru Tanigaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Heart Center, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Janusz Kochman
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Samer Somi
- Department of Cardiology, Hagaziekenhuis, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Federico Ronco
- Emodinamica Aziendale AULSS 3 Serenissima, Ospedale Dell'Angelo, Mestre, Italy
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - William Wijns
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Curam, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Mangiacapra F, Bressi E, Sticchi A, Morisco C, Barbato E. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) as a guide to treat coronary artery disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 16:465-477. [PMID: 29923434 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2018.1489236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence and extent of myocardial ischemia are the major determinants of prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Unlike coronary angiography alone, fractional flow reserve (FFR) has enabled interventional cardiologists to accurately determine whether coronary atherosclerotic plaques are responsible for myocardial ischemia, and therefore deserve to be revascularized. Areas covered: An overview on the role of FFR in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, as well as the potential related controversies is provided. Authors describe the coronary physiology underneath this technique and all the procedural aspects in the catheterization laboratory. The landmark trials and the current applications in different coronary lesions and syndromes are also described and potential future research involving FFR and comparisons with other methodologies for the evaluation of coronary physiology are introduced. Expert commentary: FFR is still unsurpassed in diagnostic performance when compared to non-hyperemic indices and noninvasive techniques, and remains the gold standard for the detection of ischemia-inducing coronary stenoses. FFR-guided PCI has been demonstrated superior to an angiography-guided PCI and over medical therapy alone, and ongoing investigation will clarify whether it could perform better, or at least equalize the results of cardiac surgery in patients with severe multivessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mangiacapra
- a Unit of Cardiovascular Science , Campus Bio-Medico University , Rome , Italy
| | - Edoardo Bressi
- a Unit of Cardiovascular Science , Campus Bio-Medico University , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Sticchi
- a Unit of Cardiovascular Science , Campus Bio-Medico University , Rome , Italy
| | - Carmine Morisco
- b Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- b Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Napoli , Italy.,c Cardiovascular Research Center Aalst , OLV Hospital , Aalst , Belgium
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Abstract
Objectives To compare fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) measurements in an all-comer patient population with moderate coronary artery stenoses. Background Visual assessment of the severity of coronary artery stenoses is often discordant in moderate lesions. FFR allows reliable functional severity assessment in these cases but requires adenosine-induced hyperaemia with associated additional time, costs and side effects. The iFR is a hyperaemia-independent index. Methods and results Between November 2015 and February 2017, 356 consecutive patients were included in whom 515 coronary stenoses were measured using both iFR and FFR. Mean iFR and FFR were 0.90 ± 0.09 and 0.86 ± 0.08, respectively. iFR correlated well with FFR [r = 0.75; p < 0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified an area under the curve of 0.92. An iFR-only strategy with a treatment cut-off ≤0.89 revealed a diagnostic classification agreement with the FFR-only strategy in 420 lesions (82%) with a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 80%, a positive predictive value of 56% and a negative predictive value of 96%. Conclusions Real-time iFR measurements have good negative predictive value compared to FFR, but moderate diagnostic accuracy (82%). It exposes fewer patients to adenosine, reduces procedure time and costs. Further prospective trials are needed to evaluate specific clinical settings, cut-off values and endpoints.
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Liu VY, Agha AM, Lopez-Mattei J, Palaskas N, Kim P, Thompson K, Mouhayar E, Marmagkiolis K, Hassan SA, Karimzad K, Iliescu CA. Interventional Cardio-Oncology: Adding a New Dimension to the Cardio-Oncology Field. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:48. [PMID: 29868614 PMCID: PMC5967297 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of cardiovascular disease in patients with active cancer presents a unique challenge in interventional cardiology. Cancer patients often suffer from significant comorbidities such as thrombocytopenia and coagulopathic and/or hypercoagulable states, which complicates invasive evaluation and can specifically be associated with an increased risk for vascular access complications. Furthermore, anticancer therapies cause injury to the vascular endothelium as well as the myocardium. Meanwhile, improvements in diagnosis and treatment of various cancers have contributed to an increase in overall survival rates in cancer patients. Proper management of this patient population is unclear, as cancer patients are largely excluded from randomized clinical trials on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and national PCI registries. In this review, we will discuss the role of different safety measures that can be applied prior to and during these invasive cardiovascular procedures as well as the role of intravascular imaging techniques in managing these high risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ali M Agha
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juan Lopez-Mattei
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elie Mouhayar
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Saamir A Hassan
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaveh Karimzad
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cezar A Iliescu
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Scarsini R, Pesarini G, Lunardi M, Piccoli A, Zanetti C, Cantone R, Bellamoli M, Ferrero V, Gottin L, Faggian G, Ribichini F. Observations from a real-time, iFR-FFR “hybrid approach” in patients with severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease undergoing TAVI. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2018; 19:355-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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AL-Obaidi FR, Fearon WF, Yong AS. Invasive physiological indices to determine the functional significance of coronary stenosis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2018; 18:39-45. [PMID: 29876502 PMCID: PMC5988484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Physiological measurements are now commonly used to assess coronary lesions in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory, and this practice is evidence-based and supported by clinical guidelines. Fractional flow reserve is currently the gold standard method to determine whether coronary lesions are functionally significant, and is used to guide revascularization. There are however several other physiological measurements that have been proposed as alternatives to the fractional flow reserve. This review aims to comprehensively discuss physiological indices that can be used in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory to determine the functional significance of coronary lesions. We will focus on their advantages and disadvantages, and the current evidence supporting their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas R. AL-Obaidi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- College of Medicine, University of Thi Qar, Iraq
| | - William F. Fearon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andy S.C. Yong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Westra J, Tu S, Winther S, Nissen L, Vestergaard MB, Andersen BK, Holck EN, Fox Maule C, Johansen JK, Andreasen LN, Simonsen JK, Zhang Y, Kristensen SD, Maeng M, Kaltoft A, Terkelsen CJ, Krusell LR, Jakobsen L, Reiber JHC, Lassen JF, Bøttcher M, Bøtker HE, Christiansen EH, Holm NR. Evaluation of Coronary Artery Stenosis by Quantitative Flow Ratio During Invasive Coronary Angiography: The WIFI II Study (Wire-Free Functional Imaging II). Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11:e007107. [PMID: 29555835 PMCID: PMC5895131 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a novel diagnostic modality for functional testing of coronary artery stenosis without the use of pressure wires and induction of hyperemia. QFR is based on computation of standard invasive coronary angiographic imaging. The purpose of WIFI II (Wire-Free Functional Imaging II) was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of QFR in unselected consecutive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS WIFI II was a predefined substudy to the Dan-NICAD study (Danish Study of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Testing in Coronary Artery Disease), referring 362 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease on coronary computed tomographic angiography for diagnostic invasive coronary angiography. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was measured in all segments with 30% to 90% diameter stenosis. Blinded observers calculated QFR (Medis Medical Imaging bv, The Netherlands) for comparison with FFR. FFR was measured in 292 lesions from 191 patients. Ten (5%) and 9 patients (5%) were excluded because of FFR and angiographic core laboratory criteria, respectively. QFR was successfully computed in 240 out of 255 lesions (94%) with a mean diameter stenosis of 50±12%. Mean difference between FFR and QFR was 0.01±0.08. QFR correctly classified 83% of the lesions using FFR with cutoff at 0.80 as reference standard. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.91) with a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of 77%, 86%, 75%, and 87%, respectively. A QFR-FFR hybrid approach based on the present results enables wire-free and adenosine-free procedures in 68% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Functional lesion evaluation by QFR assessment showed good agreement and diagnostic accuracy compared with FFR. Studies comparing clinical outcome after QFR- and FFR-based diagnostic strategies are required. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02264717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer Westra
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.).
| | - Shengxian Tu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.).
| | - Simon Winther
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Louise Nissen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Mai-Britt Vestergaard
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Birgitte Krogsgaard Andersen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Emil Nielsen Holck
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Camilla Fox Maule
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Jane Kirk Johansen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Lene Nyhus Andreasen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Jo Krogsgaard Simonsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Yimin Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Steen Dalby Kristensen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Michael Maeng
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Anne Kaltoft
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Christian Juhl Terkelsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Lars Romer Krusell
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Lars Jakobsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Johan H C Reiber
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Jens Flensted Lassen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Morten Bøttcher
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Evald Høj Christiansen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
| | - Niels Ramsing Holm
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark (J.W., S.W., M.-B.V., B.K.A., E.N.H., C.F.M., L.N.A., J.K.S., S.D.K., M.M., A.K., C.J.T., L.R.K., L.J., J.F.L., H.E.B., E.H.C., N.R.H.); Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (S.T., Y.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Regionshospitalet Herning, Denmark (L.N., M.B.); Department of Cardiology, Hospitalsenheden Midt, Regionshospitalet Silkeborg, Denmark (J.K.J.); and Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.C.R.)
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Petraco R, Dehbi HM, Howard JP, Shun-Shin MJ, Sen S, Nijjer SS, Mayet J, Davies JE, Francis DP. Effects of disease severity distribution on the performance of quantitative diagnostic methods and proposal of a novel 'V-plot' methodology to display accuracy values. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000663. [PMID: 29387424 PMCID: PMC5786922 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnostic accuracy is widely accepted by researchers and clinicians as an optimal expression of a test’s performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of disease severity distribution on values of diagnostic accuracy as well as propose a sample-independent methodology to calculate and display accuracy of diagnostic tests. Methods and findings We evaluated the diagnostic relationship between two hypothetical methods to measure serum cholesterol (Cholrapid and Cholgold) by generating samples with statistical software and (1) keeping the numerical relationship between methods unchanged and (2) changing the distribution of cholesterol values. Metrics of categorical agreement were calculated (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity). Finally, a novel methodology to display and calculate accuracy values was presented (the V-plot of accuracies). Conclusion No single value of diagnostic accuracy can be used to describe the relationship between tests, as accuracy is a metric heavily affected by the underlying sample distribution. Our novel proposed methodology, the V-plot of accuracies, can be used as a sample-independent measure of a test performance against a reference gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Petraco
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Hakim-Moulay Dehbi
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James P Howard
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Shun-Shin
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sayan Sen
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sukhjinder S Nijjer
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jamil Mayet
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Justin E Davies
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Darrel P Francis
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Scarsini R, Pesarini G, Zivelonghi C, Piccoli A, Ferrero V, Lunardi M, Gottin L, Zanetti C, Faggian G, Ribichini F. Physiologic evaluation of coronary lesions using instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. EUROINTERVENTION 2018; 13:1512-1519. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-17-00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Vaina S, Tousoulis D. Functional Assessment of Coronary Lesions in the Cath Lab. Coron Artery Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811908-2.00019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Wilson WM, Shah ASV, Birse D, Harley E, Northridge DB, Uren NG. The relationship between the basal coronary translesional pressure ratio and fractional flow reserve. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 90:745-753. [PMID: 28766832 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Fractional flow reserve (FFR) allows for physiological definition of coronary lesion severity but requires induction of maximal coronary circulation hyperemia with administration of adenosine leading to coronary resistive vessel vasodilatation. However, the hyperemic response to adenosine, and therefore the calculation of FFR, may be affected by dysfunction of the coronary microvasculature. The aim was to define the relationship between basal Pd /Pa and FFR and identify lesion-independent predictors of the change in Pd /Pa with hyperemia. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and sixty-six consecutive patients undergoing FFR measurement were prospectively enrolled (mean age 62.6 ± 10.3 years, 27% females). Basal Pd /Pa , FFR, and delta Pd /Pa (difference between basal Pd /Pa and FFR) were recorded. Independent predictors of delta Pd /Pa included angiographic lesion severity, lesion length, gender, body mass index, and total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio. The best basal Pd /Pa cutoff value to predict lesion physiological significance was 0.87 (positive predictive value of 100% for an FFR value ≤0.80) and the best cutoff for nonsignificance was 0.93 (negative predictive value of 98% for an FFR value >0.80). CONCLUSION The delta Pd /Pa may be affected by patient gender, body mass index, and cholesterol profile. A basal Pd /Pa value of ≥0.93 is highly predictive of an FFR >0.80. Conversely, a basal Pd /Pa value of ≤0.87 is highly predictive of an FFR ≤0.80. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoop S V Shah
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Birse
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Harley
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neal G Uren
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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The impact of tissue Doppler index E/e' ratio on instantaneous wave-free ratio. J Cardiol 2017; 71:237-243. [PMID: 29054592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a vasodilator-free, invasive pressure wire index of the functional severity of coronary stenosis and is calculated under resting conditions. In a recent study, iFR was found to be more closely linked to coronary flow reserve (CFR) than fractional flow reserve (FFR). E/e' is a surrogate marker of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure and LV diastolic dysfunction. Coronary resting flow was found to be increased in patients with elevated E/e', and higher coronary resting flow was associated with lower CFR. Higher baseline coronary flow induces a greater loss of translesional pressure and may affect iFR. However, no reports have examined the impact of E/e' on iFR. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between iFR and E/e' compared with FFR. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively examined 103 consecutive patients (142 with stenosis) whose iFR, FFR, and E/e' were measured simultaneously. The mean age, LV mass index, and systolic blood pressure of patients with elevated E/e' were higher than those of patients with normal E/e'. Although no significant differences were observed in mean FFR values and % diameter stenosis, the mean iFR value in patients with elevated E/e' was significantly lower than that in patients with normal E/e'. The iFR was negatively correlated with E/e', while there was no correlation between FFR and E/e'. Multivariate analysis showed that E/e' and % diameter stenosis were independent determinants of iFR. CONCLUSION E/e' ratio affects iFR values. Our results suggest that FFR mainly reflects the functional severity of the epicardial stenosis whereas iFR could potentially be influenced by not only epicardial stenosis but also other factors related to LV filling pressure or LV diastolic dysfunction. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms that influence the evaluation of iFR in patients with elevated E/e'.
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Picard F, Pighi M, Ly HQ. Fractional flow reserve and resting indices for coronary physiologic assessment: Practical guide, tips, and tricks. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 90:598-611. [PMID: 28160376 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.26933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Physiologic assessment using fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes, compared to angiography-guided PCI. Recently, resting indices such as resting Pd/Pa, "instantaneous wave-free ratio", and contrast medium induced FFR have been evaluated for the assessment of the functional consequences of coronary lesions. Herein, we review and discuss the use of FFR and other indices for the functional assessment of coronary lesions. This review will cover theoretical aspects, as well as practical points and common pitfalls related to coronary physiological assessment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Picard
- Interventional Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qubec, Canada
| | - Michele Pighi
- Interventional Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qubec, Canada
| | - Hung Q Ly
- Interventional Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qubec, Canada
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Götberg M, Cook CM, Sen S, Nijjer S, Escaned J, Davies JE. The Evolving Future of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:1379-1402. [PMID: 28882237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the authors reflect upon the role of coronary physiology in the modern management of coronary artery disease. They critically appraise the scientific background of the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR), from early experimental studies to validation studies against indexes of ischemia, to clinical trials assessing outcome. At this important juncture for the field, the authors make predictions for the future of physiological stenosis assessment, outlining developments for both iFR and FFR in new clinical domains beyond the confines of stable angina. With a focus on the evolving future of iFR and FFR, the authors describe how physiological assessment with iFR may advance its application from simply justifying to guiding revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Götberg
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Sayan Sen
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sukhjinder Nijjer
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Justin E Davies
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Influence of increased heart rate and aortic pressure on resting indices of functional coronary stenosis severity. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:61. [PMID: 28905113 PMCID: PMC5597688 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Baseline assessment of functional stenosis severity has been proposed as a practical alternative to hyperemic indices. However, intact autoregulation mechanisms may affect intracoronary hemodynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in aortic pressure (Pa) and heart rate (HR) on baseline coronary hemodynamics and functional stenosis assessment. In 15 patients (55 ± 3% diameter stenosis) Pa, intracoronary pressure (Pd) and flow velocity were obtained at control, and during atrial pacing at 120 bpm, increased Pa (+30 mmHg) with intravenous phenylephrine (PE), and elevated Pa while pacing at sinus heart rate (PE + sHR). We derived rate pressure product (RPP = systolic Pa × HR), baseline microvascular resistance (BMR = Pd/velocity), and stenosis resistance [BSR = (Pa − Pd)/velocity] as well as whole-cycle Pd/Pa. Tachycardia (120 ± 1 bpm) raised RPP by 74% vs. control. Accordingly, BMR decreased by 27% (p < 0.01) and velocity increased by 36% (p < 0.05), while Pd/Pa decreased by 0.05 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05) and BSR remained similar to control. Raising Pa to 121 ± 3 mmHg (PE) with concomitant reflex bradycardia increased BMR by 26% (p < 0.001) at essentially unchanged RPP and velocity. Consequently, BSR and Pd/Pa were only marginally affected. During PE + sHR, velocity increased by 21% (p < 0.01) attributable to a 46% higher RPP (p < 0.001). However, BMR, BSR, and Pd/Pa remained statistically unaffected. Nonetheless, the interventions tended to increase functional stenosis severity, causing Pd/Pa and BSR of borderline lesions to cross the diagnostic threshold. In conclusion, coronary microvascular adaptation to physiological conditions affecting metabolic demand at rest influences intracoronary hemodynamics, which may lead to altered basal stenosis indices used for clinical decision-making.
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Ding WY, Nair S, Appleby C. Diagnostic accuracy of instantaneous wave free-ratio in clinical practice. J Interv Cardiol 2017; 30:564-569. [PMID: 28853190 DOI: 10.1111/joic.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the correlation between iFR and FFR in real-world clinical practice. METHODS AND RESULTS Retrospective, single-centre study of 229 consecutive pressure-wire studies (np = 158). Real-time iFR and FFR measurements were performed for angiographically borderline stenoses. Functionally significant stenoses were defined as iFR <0.86 or FFR ≤0.80. An iFR between 0.86 and 0.93 was considered within the grey zone (Hybrid approach). Median iFR and FFR (IQR) were 0.92 (0.87-0.95) and 0.83 (0.76-0.89), respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.75 (P < 0.001). Bland-Altman plot showed a mean difference between iFR and FFR that remained consistent throughout the range of values. The optimal iFR cutoff was 0.91-sensitivity 80%, specificity 82% with ROC area under curve of 89%. Using the Hybrid iFR-FFR strategy, we demonstrated high accuracy of iFR results-sensitivity 95%, specificity 96%, PPV 95%, and NPV 96%. In addition, this method would have avoided adenosine in 56% of patients. Mean follow-up period was 17.2 (±3.4) months. All-cause mortality was 3.2% (np = 5) and repeat intervention was required in six lesions (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that iFR is a valuable adjunct to FFR using the Hybrid iFR-FFR strategy in a real-world population. The use of adenosine may be avoided in about half the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Yew Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Satheesh Nair
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clare Appleby
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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de Waard G, Di Mario C, Lerman A, Serruys P, van Royen N. Instantaneous wave-free ratio to guide coronary revascularisation: physiological framework, validation and differences from fractional flow reserve. EUROINTERVENTION 2017; 13:450-458. [DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-16-00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Relationship between instantaneous wave-free ratio and fractional flow reserve in patients receiving hemodialysis. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12928-017-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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