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Pani A, Giuseppina B, Bonanno C, Grazia Bongiorni M, Bottoni N, Brambilla R, Ceglia SD, Della Bella P, Vito GD, Malaspina D, Menardi E, Napoli V, Negroni MS, Ocello S, Orsida D, Pandozi C, Pedretti S, Penela D, Pepi P, Rossi L, Rovaris G, Scopinaro A, Vincenti A, Viola G, Zacà V, Zoppo F, Vergara P. Predictors of Zero X-Ray Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardias in a Nationwide Multicenter Experience. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 11:e005592. [PMID: 29874166 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This multicenter, prospective study evaluated the determinants of zero-fluoroscopy (ZFL) ablation of supraventricular tachycardias. METHODS AND RESULTS Four hundred thirty patients (215 male, 55.4±22.1 years) with indication to electrophysiological study or ablation of supraventricular tachycardias were enrolled. All participating physicians agreed to follow the as low as reasonably achievable policy. A procedure was defined as ZFL when no fluoroscopy was used. The total fluoroscopy time inversely correlated to the number of procedures previously performed by each operator since study start (r=-0.112; P=0.02). Two hundred eighty-nine procedures (67.2%) were ZFL; multivariable analysis identified as predictors of ZFL: procedure after the 30th for each operator, compared with procedures up to the ninth (P=0.011; hazard ratio, 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79-6.80); the type of arrhythmia (P=0.031; electrophysiological study and atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia ablation having the highest probability of ZFL; hazard ratio, 6.87; 95% CI, 2.08-22.7 and hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.04-3.91, respectively); the operator's (P=0.002) and patient's age (P=0.009). Among operators, achievement of ZFL varied from 0% to 100%; 8 (22.8%) operators achieved ZFL in <25% of their procedures; 17 (48.6%) operators achieved ZFL in >75% of their procedures. The probability of ZFL increased by 2.8% (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) as patient's age decreased by 1 year. Acute procedural success was obtained in all cases. CONCLUSIONS The use of 3-dimensional mapping system completely avoided the use of fluoroscopy in most cases, with very low fluoroscopy time in the remaining and high safety and effectiveness profiles. Achievement of ZFL was predicted by the type of arrhythmia, operator's experience, and patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pani
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Belotti Giuseppina
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Carlo Bonanno
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Maria Grazia Bongiorni
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Nicola Bottoni
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Sergio de Ceglia
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Paolo Della Bella
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Giovanni de Vito
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Daniele Malaspina
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Endrj Menardi
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Velia Napoli
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Maria Silvia Negroni
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Salvatore Ocello
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Daniela Orsida
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Claudio Pandozi
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Stefano Pedretti
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Diego Penela
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Patrizia Pepi
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Luca Rossi
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Rovaris
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Alice Scopinaro
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Antonello Vincenti
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Graziana Viola
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Valerio Zacà
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Franco Zoppo
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
| | - Pasquale Vergara
- From the Cardiology Department, Ospedale Alessandro Manzoni, Lecco, Italy (A.P., R.B., G.d.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Treviglio e Caravaggio, Italy (G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy (C.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Cisanello, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M.G.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (N.B.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy (S.d.C., G.R.); Arrhythmology Unit and Electrophysiology Laboratories, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy (P.D.B., P.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milano, Italy (D.M.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy (E.M.); Johnson & Johnson Med, Biosense Webster Italy, Milano (V.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy (M.S.N.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy (S.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, Gallarate, Italy (D.O.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma, Italy (C.P.); Cardiology Department, A.S.S.T Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (S.P.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy (D.P., L.R.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy (P.P.); Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy (A.S.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy (A.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy (G.V.); Cardiology Department, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy (V.Z.); and Cardiology Department, Ospedale Civile, Mirano, Italy (F.Z.)
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