1
|
Seo CH, Na GH, Lee D, Park JH, Hong TH, Kim OH, Lee SC, Kim KH, Choi HJ, Kim SJ. Pioneering PGC-1α-boosted secretome: a novel approach to combating liver fibrosis. Ann Surg Treat Res 2024; 106:155-168. [PMID: 38435492 PMCID: PMC10902621 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2024.106.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liver fibrosis is a critical health issue with limited treatment options. This study investigates the potential of PGC-Sec, a secretome derived from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), as a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis. Methods Upon achieving a cellular confluence of 70%-80%, ASCs were transfected with pcDNA-PGC-1α. PGC-Sec, obtained through concentration of conditioned media using ultrafiltration units with a 3-kDa cutoff, was assessed through in vitro assays and in vitro mouse models. Results In vitro, PGC-Sec significantly reduced LX2 human hepatic stellate cell proliferation and mitigated mitochondrial oxidative stress compared to the control-secretome. In an in vivo mouse model, PGC-Sec treatment led to notable reductions in hepatic enzyme activity, serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, and fibrosis-related marker expression. Histological analysis demonstrated improved liver histology and reduced fibrosis severity in PGC-Sec-treated mice. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed enhanced expression of PGC-1α, optic atrophy 1 (a mitochondrial function marker), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (an antifibrogenic marker) in the PGC-Sec-treated group, along with reduced collagen type 1A expression (a profibrogenic marker). Conclusion These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PGC-Sec in combating liver fibrosis by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and promoting antifibrotic processes. PGC-Sec holds promise as a novel treatment strategy for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun Hyung Na
- Department of Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dosang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Translational Research Team, Surginex Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Translational Research Team, Surginex Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kholodenko IV, Kholodenko RV, Yarygin KN. The Crosstalk between Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Hepatocytes in Homeostasis and under Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15212. [PMID: 37894893 PMCID: PMC10607347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, represent a substantial medical problem globally. The current therapeutic approaches are mainly aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the diseases. Organ transplantation remains the only effective treatment method in cases of severe liver pathology. In this regard, the development of new effective approaches aimed at stimulating liver regeneration, both by activation of the organ's own resources or by different therapeutic agents that trigger regeneration, does not cease to be relevant. To date, many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been published confirming the effectiveness of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of liver diseases of various severities and etiologies. However, despite the successful use of MSCs in clinical practice and the promising therapeutic results in animal models of liver diseases, the mechanisms of their protective and regenerative action remain poorly understood. Specifically, data about the molecular agents produced by these cells and mediating their therapeutic action are fragmentary and often contradictory. Since MSCs or MSC-like cells are found in all tissues and organs, it is likely that many key intercellular interactions within the tissue niches are dependent on MSCs. In this context, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying communication between MSCs and differentiated parenchymal cells of each particular tissue. This is important both from the perspective of basic science and for the development of therapeutic approaches involving the modulation of the activity of resident MSCs. With regard to the liver, the research is concentrated on the intercommunication between MSCs and hepatocytes under normal conditions and during the development of the pathological process. The goals of this review were to identify the key factors mediating the crosstalk between MSCs and hepatocytes and determine the possible mechanisms of interaction of the two cell types under normal and stressful conditions. The analysis of the hepatocyte-MSC interaction showed that MSCs carry out chaperone-like functions, including the synthesis of the supportive extracellular matrix proteins; prevention of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis; support of regeneration; elimination of lipotoxicity and ER stress; promotion of antioxidant effects; and donation of mitochondria. The underlying mechanisms suggest very close interdependence, including even direct cytoplasm and organelle exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin N. Yarygin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huai Q, Zhu C, Zhang X, Dai H, Li X, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases: insights on their immunomodulatory roles and clinical applications. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:162. [PMID: 37670393 PMCID: PMC10478279 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity that is rising globally. Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases. Various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Up to now, liver transplantation could be the last resort for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties can be effectively used for treating liver diseases but without the limitation that are associated with liver transplantation. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the characteristics of MSCs and the potential action mechanisms of MSCs-based cell therapies for liver diseases. We also draw attention to strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs through pre-treatments or gene modifications. Finally, we discuss progress toward clinical application of MSCs or their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Semita IN, Utomo DN, Suroto H. Mechanism of spinal cord injury regeneration and the effect of human neural stem cells-secretome treatment in rat model. World J Orthop 2023; 14:64-82. [PMID: 36844381 PMCID: PMC9945248 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, complete neurological recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) is still less than 1%, and 90% experience permanent disability. The key issue is that a pharmacological neuroprotective-neuroregenerative agent and SCI regeneration mechanism have not been found. The secretomes of stem cell are an emerging neurotrophic agent, but the effect of human neural stem cells (HNSCs) secretome on SCI is still unclear.
AIM To investigate the regeneration mechanism of SCI and neuroprotective-neuroregenerative effects of HNSCs-secretome on subacute SCI post-laminectomy in rats.
METHODS An experimental study was conducted with 45 Rattus norvegicus, divided into 15 normal, 15 control (10 mL physiologic saline), and 15 treatment (30 μL HNSCs-secretome, intrathecal T10, three days post-traumatic). Locomotor function was evaluated weekly by blinded evaluators. Fifty-six days post-injury, specimens were collected, and spinal cord lesion, free radical oxidative stress (F2-Isoprostanes), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), nestin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were analyzed. The SCI regeneration mechanism was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS SEM).
RESULTS HNSCs-secretome significantly improved locomotor recovery according to Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scores and increased neurogenesis (nestin, BDNF, and GDNF), neuroangiogenesis (VEGF), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β), but decreased pro-inflammatory (NF-κB, MMP9, TNF-α), F2-Isoprostanes, and spinal cord lesion size. The SCI regeneration mechanism is valid by analyzed outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing in PLS SEM, started with pro-inflammation followed by anti-inflammation, anti-apoptotic, neuroangiogenesis, neurogenesis, and locomotor function.
CONCLUSION HNSCs-secretome as a potential neuroprotective-neuroregenerative agent for the treatment of SCI and uncover the SCI regeneration mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Nyoman Semita
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Dwikora Novembri Utomo
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60118, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Heri Suroto
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60118, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The secretome obtained under hypoxic preconditioning from human adipose-derived stem cells exerts promoted anti-apoptotic potentials through upregulated autophagic process. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8859-8870. [PMID: 35941418 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic preconditioning (HP) is a stem cell preconditioning modality designed to augment the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although autophagy is expected to play a role in HP, very little is known regarding the relationship between HP and autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS The adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-secretome obtained under normoxia (NCM) and ASC-secretome obtained under HP (HCM) were obtained by culturing ASCs for 24 h under normoxic (21% partial pressure of O2) and hypoxic (1% partial pressure of O2) conditions, respectively. Subsequently, to determine the in vivo effects of HCM, each secretome was injected into 70% partially hepatectomized mice, and liver specimens were obtained. HCM significantly reduced the apoptosis of thioacetamide-treated AML12 hepatocytes and promoted the autophagic processes of the cells (P < 0.05). Autophagy blockage by either bafilomycin A1 or ATG5 siRNA significantly abrogated the anti-apoptotic effect of HCM (P < 0.05), demonstrating that HCM exerts its anti-apoptotic effect by promoting autophagy. The effect of HCM - reduction of cell apoptosis and promotion of autophagic process - was also demonstrated in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS HP appears to induce ASCs to release a secretome with enhanced anti-apoptotic effects by promoting the autophagic process of ASCs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim HJ, Kim OH, Hong HE, Lee SC, Kim SJ. Harnessing adipose‑derived stem cells to release specialized secretome for the treatment of hepatitis B. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:15. [PMID: 33448314 PMCID: PMC7834954 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the function of repairing damaged tissue, which is known to be mediated by the secretome, the collection of secretory materials shed from MSCs. Adjusting the culture conditions of MSCs can lead to a significant difference in the composition of the secretome. It was hypothesized that pre‑sensitization of MSCs with specific disease‑causing agents could harness MSCs to release the therapeutic materials specialized for the disease. To validate this hypothesis, the present study aimed to generate a 'disease‑specific secretome' for hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus using hepatitis BX antigen (HBx) as a disease‑causing material. Secretary materials (HBx‑IS) were collected following the stimulation of adipose‑derived stem cells (ASCs) with 100‑fold diluted culture media of AML12 hepatocytes that had been transfected with pcDNA‑HBx for 24 h. An animal model of hepatitis B was generated by injecting HBx into mice, and the mice were subsequently intravenously administered a control secretome (CS) or HBx‑IS. Compared with the CS injection, the HBx‑IS injection significantly reduced the serum levels of interleukin‑6 and tumor necrosis factor‑α (pro‑inflammatory cytokines). Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of the liver specimens revealed that the HBx‑IS injection led to a higher expression of liver regeneration‑related markers, including hepatocyte growth factor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a lower expression of pro‑apoptotic markers, such as cleaved caspase 3 and Bim in mouse livers, and a lower expression of pro‑inflammatory markers (F4/80 and CD68) compared to the CS injection. HBx‑IS exhibited higher liver regenerative, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic properties, particularly in the mouse model of hepatitis B compared to CS. This suggests that the secretome obtained by stimulating ASCs with disease‑causing agents may have a more prominent therapeutic effect on the specific disease than the naïve secretome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| |
Collapse
|