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Li C, An N, Song Q, Hu Y, Yin W, Wang Q, Le Y, Pan W, Yan X, Wang Y, Liu J. Enhancing organoid culture: harnessing the potential of decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels for mimicking microenvironments. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:96. [PMID: 39334251 PMCID: PMC11429032 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, organoids have emerged as a prevalent and promising research tool, mirroring the physiological architecture of the human body. However, as the field advances, the traditional use of animal or tumor-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) as scaffolds has become increasingly inadequate. This shift has led to a focus on developing synthetic scaffolds, particularly hydrogels, that more accurately mimic three-dimensional (3D) tissue structures and dynamics in vitro. The ECM-cell interaction is crucial for organoid growth, necessitating hydrogels that meet organoid-specific requirements through modifiable physical and compositional properties. Advanced composite hydrogels have been engineered to more effectively replicate in vivo conditions, offering a more accurate representation of human organs compared to traditional matrices. This review explores the evolution and current uses of decellularized ECM scaffolds, emphasizing the application of decellularized ECM hydrogels in organoid culture. It also explores the fabrication of composite hydrogels and the prospects for their future use in organoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Ni An
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Clinical Translational Science Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Qingru Song
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Clinical Translational Science Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yuelei Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenzhen Yin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Clinical Translational Science Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yinpeng Le
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wenting Pan
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xinlong Yan
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yunfang Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Clinical Translational Science Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Ock SA, Kim SY, Kim YI, Ju WS, Lee P. Enhanced In Vitro Recapitulation of In Vivo Liver Regeneration by Co-Culturing Hepatocyte Organoids with Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Alleviating Steatosis and Apoptosis in Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury. Cells 2024; 13:1303. [PMID: 39120332 PMCID: PMC11311897 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte organoids (HOs) have superior hepatic functions to cholangiocyte-derived organoids but suffer from shorter lifespans. To counteract this, we co-cultured pig HOs with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) and performed transcriptome analysis. The results revealed that A-MSCs enhanced the collagen synthesis pathways, which are crucial for maintaining the three-dimensional structure and extracellular matrix synthesis of the organoids. A-MSCs also increased the expression of liver progenitor cell markers (KRT7, SPP1, LGR5+, and TERT). To explore HOs as a liver disease model, we exposed them to alcohol to create an alcoholic liver injury (ALI) model. The co-culture of HOs with A-MSCs inhibited the apoptosis of hepatocytes and reduced lipid accumulation of HOs. Furthermore, varying ethanol concentrations (0-400 mM) and single-versus-daily exposure to HOs showed that daily exposure significantly increased the level of PLIN2, a lipid storage marker, while decreasing CYP2E1 and increasing CYP1A2 levels, suggesting that CYP1A2 may play a critical role in alcohol detoxification during short-term exposure. Moreover, daily alcohol exposure led to excessive lipid accumulation and nuclear fragmentation in HOs cultured alone. These findings indicate that HOs mimic in vivo liver regeneration, establishing them as a valuable model for studying liver diseases, such as ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea (P.L.)
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Ock SA, Kim SY, Ju WS, Kim YI, Wi HY, Lee P. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Extend the Lifespan and Enhance Liver Function in Hepatocyte Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15429. [PMID: 37895114 PMCID: PMC10607770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we generated hepatocyte organoids (HOs) using frozen-thawed primary hepatocytes (PHs) within a three-dimensional (3D) Matrigel dome culture in a porcine model. Previously studied hepatocyte organoid analogs, spheroids, or hepatocyte aggregates created using PHs in 3D culture systems have limitations in their in vitro lifespans. By co-culturing adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) with HOs within a 3D Matrigel dome culture, we achieved a 3.5-fold increase in the in vitro lifespan and enhanced liver function compared to a conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture, i.e., more than twice that of the HO group cultured alone, reaching up to 126 d. Although PHs were used to generate HOs, we identified markers associated with cholangiocyte organoids such as cytokeratin 19 and epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EPCAM). Co-culturing A-MSCs with HOs increased the secretion of albumin and urea and glucose consumption compared to HOs cultured alone. After more than 100 d, we observed the upregulation of tumor protein P53 (TP53)-P21 and downregulation of EPCAM, albumin (ALB), and cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 29 (CYP3A29). Therefore, HOs with function and longevity improved through co-culturing with A-MSCs can be used to create large-scale human hepatotoxicity testing models and precise livestock nutrition assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
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Kholodenko IV, Kholodenko RV, Yarygin KN. The Crosstalk between Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Hepatocytes in Homeostasis and under Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15212. [PMID: 37894893 PMCID: PMC10607347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, represent a substantial medical problem globally. The current therapeutic approaches are mainly aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the diseases. Organ transplantation remains the only effective treatment method in cases of severe liver pathology. In this regard, the development of new effective approaches aimed at stimulating liver regeneration, both by activation of the organ's own resources or by different therapeutic agents that trigger regeneration, does not cease to be relevant. To date, many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been published confirming the effectiveness of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of liver diseases of various severities and etiologies. However, despite the successful use of MSCs in clinical practice and the promising therapeutic results in animal models of liver diseases, the mechanisms of their protective and regenerative action remain poorly understood. Specifically, data about the molecular agents produced by these cells and mediating their therapeutic action are fragmentary and often contradictory. Since MSCs or MSC-like cells are found in all tissues and organs, it is likely that many key intercellular interactions within the tissue niches are dependent on MSCs. In this context, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying communication between MSCs and differentiated parenchymal cells of each particular tissue. This is important both from the perspective of basic science and for the development of therapeutic approaches involving the modulation of the activity of resident MSCs. With regard to the liver, the research is concentrated on the intercommunication between MSCs and hepatocytes under normal conditions and during the development of the pathological process. The goals of this review were to identify the key factors mediating the crosstalk between MSCs and hepatocytes and determine the possible mechanisms of interaction of the two cell types under normal and stressful conditions. The analysis of the hepatocyte-MSC interaction showed that MSCs carry out chaperone-like functions, including the synthesis of the supportive extracellular matrix proteins; prevention of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis; support of regeneration; elimination of lipotoxicity and ER stress; promotion of antioxidant effects; and donation of mitochondria. The underlying mechanisms suggest very close interdependence, including even direct cytoplasm and organelle exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin N. Yarygin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Huai Q, Zhu C, Zhang X, Dai H, Li X, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases: insights on their immunomodulatory roles and clinical applications. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:162. [PMID: 37670393 PMCID: PMC10478279 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity that is rising globally. Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases. Various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Up to now, liver transplantation could be the last resort for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties can be effectively used for treating liver diseases but without the limitation that are associated with liver transplantation. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the characteristics of MSCs and the potential action mechanisms of MSCs-based cell therapies for liver diseases. We also draw attention to strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs through pre-treatments or gene modifications. Finally, we discuss progress toward clinical application of MSCs or their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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沈 钧, 欧阳 智, 钟 健, 龙 怡, 孙 誉, 曾 烨. [Research progress on vascularization of organoids]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2023; 40:625-631. [PMID: 37666751 PMCID: PMC10477383 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202211011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional structures formed by self-organizing growth of cells in vitro, which own many structures and functions similar with those of corresponding in vivo organs. Although the organoid culture technologies are rapidly developed and the original cells are abundant, the organoid cultured by current technologies are rather different with the real organs, which limits their application. The major challenges of organoid cultures are the immature tissue structure and restricted growth, both of which are caused by poor functional vasculature. Therefore, how to develop the vascularization of organoids has become an urgent problem. We presently reviewed the progresses on the original cells of organoids and the current methods to develop organoids vascularization, which provide clues to solve the above-mentioned problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- 钧怡 沈
- 四川大学 华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室(成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 智 欧阳
- 四川大学 华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室(成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 健 钟
- 四川大学 华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室(成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 怡岑 龙
- 四川大学 华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室(成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 誉珈 孙
- 四川大学 华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室(成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 烨 曾
- 四川大学 华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室(成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Extracellular magnetic labeling of biomimetic hydrogel-induced human mesenchymal stem cell spheroids with ferumoxytol for MRI tracking. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:418-428. [PMID: 35574059 PMCID: PMC9079175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Labeling of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) has emerged as a potential method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking of transplanted cells in tissue repair studies and clinical trials. Labeling of MSCs using clinically approved SPIONs (ferumoxytol) requires the use of transfection reagents or magnetic field, which largely limits their clinical application. To overcome this obstacle, we established a novel and highly effective method for magnetic labeling of MSC spheroids using ferumoxytol. Unlike conventional methods, ferumoxytol labeling was done in the formation of a mechanically tunable biomimetic hydrogel-induced MSC spheroids. Moreover, the labeled MSC spheroids exhibited strong MRI T2 signals and good biosafety. Strikingly, the encapsulated ferumoxytol was localized in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the spheroids instead of the cytoplasm, minimizing the cytotoxicity of ferumoxytol and maintaining the viability and stemness properties of biomimetic hydrogel-induced MSC spheroids. This demonstrates the potential of this method for post-transplantation MRI tracking in the clinic. An extracellular magnetic labeling method was developed for MSC spheroids using ferumoxytol. Ferumoxytol encapsulated into abundant ECM proteins network of MSC spheroids ensured this method is stable and durable. Uniformly sized magnetic spheroids induced by mechanically tunable biomimetic hydrogels promoted MSCs stemness properties. Magnetically labeled MSC spheroids exhibited superior MRI imaging both in vitro and in vivo.
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Baptista LS, Porrini C, Kronemberger GS, Kelly DJ, Perrault CM. 3D organ-on-a-chip: The convergence of microphysiological systems and organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1043117. [PMID: 36478741 PMCID: PMC9720174 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1043117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicine today faces the combined challenge of an increasing number of untreatable diseases and fewer drugs reaching the clinic. While pharmaceutical companies have increased the number of drugs in early development and entering phase I of clinical trials, fewer actually successfully pass phase III and launch into the market. In fact, only 1 out of every 9 drugs entering phase I will launch. In vitro preclinical tests are used to predict earlier and better the potential of new drugs and thus avoid expensive clinical trial phases. The most recent developments favor 3D cell culture and human stem cell biology. These 3D humanized models known as organoids better mimic the 3D tissue architecture and physiological cell behavior of healthy and disease models, but face critical issues in production such as small-scale batches, greater costs (when compared to monolayer cultures) and reproducibility. To become the gold standard and most relevant biological model for drug discovery and development, organoid technology needs to integrate biological culture processes with advanced microtechnologies, such as microphysiological systems based on microfluidics technology. Microphysiological systems, known as organ-on-a-chip, mimic physiological conditions better than conventional cell culture models since they can emulate perfusion, mechanical and other parameters crucial for tissue and organ physiology. In addition, they reduce labor cost and human error by supporting automated operation and reduce reagent use in miniaturized culture systems. There is thus a clear advantage in combining organoid culture with microsystems for drug development. The main objective of this review is to address the recent advances in organoids and microphysiological systems highlighting crucial technologies for reaching a synergistic strategy, including bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra S. Baptista
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Prof Geraldo Cidade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela S. Kronemberger
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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YOSHIDA T, KOBAYASHI M, UOMOTO S, OHSHIMA K, HARA E, KATOH Y, TAKAHASHI N, HARADA T, USUI T, ELBADAWY M, SHIBUTANI M. The Potential of Organoids in Toxicologic Pathology: Role of toxicologic pathologists in <i>in vitro</i> chemical hepatotoxicity assessment. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:225-235. [PMID: 35832897 PMCID: PMC9256002 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori YOSHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mio KOBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Suzuka UOMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kanami OHSHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Emika HARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka KATOH
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naofumi TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Takanori HARADA
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Tatsuya USUI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mohamed ELBADAWY
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto SHIBUTANI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Zhu X, Zhang B, He Y, Bao J. Liver Organoids: Formation Strategies and Biomedical Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:573-585. [PMID: 34132985 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most important digestive organ in the body. Several studies have explored liver biology and diseases related to the liver. However, most of these studies have only explored liver development, mechanism of liver regeneration and pathophysiology of liver diseases mainly based on two-dimensional (2D) cell lines and animal models. Traditional 2D cell lines do not represent the complex three-dimensional tissue architecture whereas animal models are limited by inter-species differences. These shortcomings limit understanding of liver biology and diseases. Liver organoid technology is effective in elucidating structural and physiological characteristics and basic tissue-level functions of liver tissue. In this review, formation strategies and a wide range of applications in biomedicine of liver organoid are summarized. Liver organoids are derived from single type cell culture, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult stem cells, primary hepatocytes, and primary cholangiocytes and multi-type cells co-culture, such as iPSC-derived hepatic endoderm cells co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells. In vitro studies report that liver organoids are a promising model for regenerative medicine, organogenesis, liver regeneration, disease modelling, drug screening and personalized treatment. Liver organoids are a promising in vitro model for basic research and for development of clinical therapeutic interventions for hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bingqi Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuting He
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ji Bao
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Shariati L, Esmaeili Y, Javanmard SH, Bidram E, Amini A. Organoid Technology: Current Standing and Future Perspectives. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1625-1649. [PMID: 33786925 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are powerful systems to facilitate the study of individuals' disorders and personalized treatments. Likewise, emerging this technology has improved the chance of translatability of drugs for pre-clinical therapies and mimicking the complexity of organs, while it proposes numerous approaches for human disease modeling, tissue engineering, drug development, diagnosis, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we outline the past/present organoid technology and summarize its faithful applications, then, we discuss the challenges and limitations encountered by 3D organoids. In the end, we offer the human organoids as basic mechanistic infrastructure for "human modelling" systems to prescribe personalized medicines. © AlphaMed Press 2021 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This concise review concerns about organoids, available methods for in vitro organoid formation and different types of human organoid models. We, then, summarize biological approaches to improve 3D organoids complexity and therapeutic potentials of organoids. Despite the existing incomprehensive review articles in literature that examine partial aspects of the organoid technology, the present review article comprehensively and critically presents this technology from different aspects. It effectively provides a systematic overview on the past and current applications of organoids and discusses the future perspectives and suggestions to improve this technology and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Shariati
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Bidram
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College of Kuwait, Mishref, Safat, Kuwait.,Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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