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Mogi M, Liu S, Watanabe R, Imai M, Yano A, Ikegawa Y, Kato H. Perspectives on frailty as a total life-course disease with consideration of the fetal environment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:263-269. [PMID: 36855031 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Frailty attracts research as it represents a significant target for intervention to extend the healthy life span. An unanswered question in this field is the time point during the life-course at which an individual becomes predisposed to frailty. Here, we propose that frailty has a fetal origin and should be regarded as part of the spectrum of the developmental origins of health and disease. The developmental origins of health and disease theory originated from findings linking the fetal environment to lifestyle-related disorders such as hypertension and diabetes. Coincidentally, a recent trend in frailty research also centers on vascular dysfunction and metabolic alterations as the causality of lifestyle-related disorders such as sarcopenia and dementia. Here, we explore the relationship between fetal programming, frailty-related disorders (sarcopenia and dementia), and other age-related diseases mainly based on reports on intrauterine growth restriction. We propose a "total" life-course approach to combat frailty. With this viewpoint, not only physicians and gerontologists but also obstetricians and pediatricians should team up to overcome age-related diseases in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Japan
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Japan
| | - Matome Imai
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Japan
| | - Akiko Yano
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ikegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kato
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Japan
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Critical Overview on Endocrine Disruptors in Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054537. [PMID: 36901966 PMCID: PMC10003192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in all countries due to its high human and economic burden. Major metabolic alterations are associated with the chronic hyperglycemia that characterizes diabetes and causes devastating complications, including retinopathy, kidney failure, coronary disease and increased cardiovascular mortality. The most common form is type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounting for 90 to 95% of the cases. These chronic metabolic disorders are heterogeneous to which genetic factors contribute, but so do prenatal and postnatal life environmental factors including a sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity. However, these classical risk factors alone cannot explain the rapid evolution of the prevalence of T2D and the high prevalence of type 1 diabetes in particular areas. Among environmental factors, we are in fact exposed to a growing amount of chemical molecules produced by our industries or by our way of life. In this narrative review, we aim to give a critical overview of the role of these pollutants that can interfere with our endocrine system, the so-called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic disorders.
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Zhang X, Shao S, Zhao X, Zhang M, Wang J. Micro-RNA-124-5p promotes insulin producing cell differentiation through regulating transcriptional factor NKX6.1. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101273. [PMID: 35592615 PMCID: PMC9111988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Differentiating human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic β cells has been proposed as a practical approach to managing diabetes. There have been several protocols attempting to generate β-like cells or insulin-producing cells (IPCs), but their low efficiency is a common issue. The expression level of Nkx6.1 is crucial for maintaining pancreatic β cell identity, while the proportion of PDX1 and Nkx6.1 double positive cells were not satisfied in the present protocols, leading to relative low efficiency in the differentiation into IPCs. This study aims to identify the mechanism underlying the regulation of Nkx6.1 during IPC differentiation and provide new insights for diabetes therapy. Methods In the current study, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line H1 was used to perform IPC specifications. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and qPCR were conducted to analyze gene expression. In addition, insulin and C-peptide were measured through glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays and ELISA. Results We found that the transcription factor NKX6.1, a crucial inducer of early pancreatic development and IPC generation, was downregulated by micro-RNA-124-5p (miR-124-5p) in hESCs during IPC differentiation. Also, we observed that miR-124-5p was upregulated and bound to the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of NKX6.1 in pancreatic progenitor (PP), which subsequently suppressed PP differentiation. Moreover, inhibiting miR-124-5p induced the generation of IPCs. Conclusion The current study results demonstrated an important role for miR-124-5p in regulating NKX6.1 expression, which appears to be a practical strategy for producing IPCs. miR-124-5p is upregulated during the IPCs differentiation. Inhibition of miR-124-5p enhances Nkx6.1 expresssion. miR-124-5p promotes the specification of IPCs from hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shunzi Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xijiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Corresponding author. The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Jingbo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Corresponding author.
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Bartolomé A. Stem Cell-Derived β Cells: A Versatile Research Platform to Interrogate the Genetic Basis of β Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:501. [PMID: 35008927 PMCID: PMC8745644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a central component of diabetes progression. During the last decades, the genetic basis of several monogenic forms of diabetes has been recognized. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also facilitated the identification of common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of diabetes. These studies highlight the importance of impaired β cell function in all forms of diabetes. However, how most of these risk variants confer disease risk, remains unanswered. Understanding the specific contribution of genetic variants and the precise role of their molecular effectors is the next step toward developing treatments that target β cell dysfunction in the era of personalized medicine. Protocols that allow derivation of β cells from pluripotent stem cells, represent a powerful research tool that allows modeling of human development and versatile experimental designs that can be used to shed some light on diabetes pathophysiology. This article reviews different models to study the genetic basis of β cell dysfunction, focusing on the recent advances made possible by stem cell applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Caputo V, Strafella C, Termine A, Fabrizio C, Ruffo P, Cusumano A, Giardina E, Ricci F, Cascella R. Epigenomic signatures in age-related macular degeneration: Focus on their role as disease modifiers and therapeutic targets. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 31:2856-2867. [PMID: 34798695 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211028054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is characterized by molecular modifications able to shape gene expression profiles in response to inner and external stimuli. Therefore, epigenetic elements are able to provide intriguing and useful information for the comprehension and management of different human conditions, including aging process, and diseases. On this subject, Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) represents one of the most frequent age-related disorders, dramatically affecting the quality of life of older adults worldwide. The etiopathogenesis is characterized by an interplay among multiple genetic and non-genetic factors, which have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, a deeper dissection of molecular machinery associated with risk, onset, progression and effectiveness of therapies is still missing. In this regard, epigenetic signals may be further explored to disentangle disease etiopathogenesis, the possible therapeutic avenues and the differential response to AMD treatment. This review will discuss the epigenomic signatures mostly investigated in AMD, which could be applied to improve the knowledge of disease mechanisms and to set-up novel or modified treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Caputo
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Termine
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabrizio
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Ruffo
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cusumano
- UOSD of Ophthalmology PTV Foundation "Policlinico Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,UILDM Lazio ONLUS Foundation, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Ricci
- UNIT Retinal Diseases PTV Foundation "Policlinico Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
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