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Guo MQ, Hu P, Huang ZW. Cyclodextrin host-guest complex to facilitate sinomenine-based osteoporosis therapy. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17:101376. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i3.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Xiao et al reported on the natural product sinomenine (SIN), which is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating osteoporosis via its modulation of autophagy; however, SIN was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide prior to administration, which is not conducive to the development of clinical injectables. By comparing solubilization techniques, including amorphisation, emulsification, micellisation, nano-crystallisation and host-guest inclusion, we found that the solubilization of SIN by host-guest inclusion can enhance solubility and improve stability and has an increased release rate and enhanced bioavailability. Therefore, we conclude that host-guest inclusion holds promise for SIN solubilization. To solubilise SIN, we selected β-cyclodextrin as the host agent considering its excellent biocompatibility, efficient encapsulation ability, mature preparation process and adequate drug stability. If the prerequisites of SIN-β-cyclodextrin complexes in terms of safety, efficacy, stability and the relevant laws and regulations are met, its clinical application for the treatment of osteoporosis may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qin Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong Province, China
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Chen R, Yang C, Yang F, Yang A, Xiao H, Peng B, Chen C, Geng B, Xia Y. Targeting the mTOR-Autophagy Axis: Unveiling Therapeutic Potentials in Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1452. [PMID: 39595628 PMCID: PMC11591800 DOI: 10.3390/biom14111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a widespread age-related disorder marked by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, presenting a significant public health challenge. Central to the development and progression of OP is the dysregulation of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cellular processes including autophagy, growth, and proliferation. The mTOR-autophagy axis is emerging as a promising therapeutic target due to its regulatory capacity in bone metabolism and homeostasis. This review aims to (1) elucidate the role of mTOR signaling in bone metabolism and its dysregulation in OP, (2) explore the interplay between mTOR and autophagy in the context of bone cell activity, and (3) assess the therapeutic potential of targeting the mTOR pathway with modulators as innovative strategies for OP treatment. By examining the interactions among autophagy, mTOR, and OP, including insights from various types of OP and the impact on different bone cells, this review underscores the complexity of mTOR's role in bone health. Despite advances, significant gaps remain in understanding the detailed mechanisms of mTOR's effects on autophagy and bone cell function, highlighting the need for comprehensive clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety of mTOR inhibitors in OP management. Future research directions include clarifying mTOR's molecular interactions with bone metabolism and investigating the combined benefits of mTOR modulation with other therapeutic approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial for developing more effective treatments and improving outcomes for individuals with OP, thereby unveiling the therapeutic potentials of targeting the mTOR-autophagy axis in this prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianshui Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianshui Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hefang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Changshun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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