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Zhao H, Ling Y, He J, Dong J, Mo Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu H, Tang C. Potential targets and therapeutics for cancer stem cell-based therapy against drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 74:101084. [PMID: 38640592 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common digestive malignancyin the world, which is frequently diagnosed at late stage with a poor prognosis. For most patients with advanced HCC, the therapeutic options arelimiteddue to cancer occurrence of drug resistance. Hepatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for a small subset of tumor cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiationin HCC. It is widely recognized that the presence of CSCs contributes to primary and acquired drug resistance. Therefore, hepatic CSCs-targeted therapy is considered as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcome in HCC. In this article, we review drug resistance in HCC and provide a summary of potential targets for CSCs-based therapy. In addition, the development of CSCs-targeted therapeuticsagainst drug resistance in HCC is summarized in both preclinical and clinical trials. The in-depth understanding of CSCs-related drug resistance in HCC will favor optimization of the current therapeutic strategies and gain encouraging therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuhang Ling
- Central Laboratory, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Hepatology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinling Dong
- Department of Hepatology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinliang Mo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongbin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengwu Tang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Salama BM, Helmy MW, Fouad H, Shamaa MM, Houssen ME. The Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Decitabine and Vorinostat Combination on HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line via Epigenetic Modulation of Autophagy-Apoptosis Molecular Crosstalk. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5935-5949. [PMID: 37504291 PMCID: PMC10378248 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide health issue. Epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in HCC tumorigenesis. Using epigenetic modulators for HCC treatment confers a promising therapeutic effect. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a decitabine (DAC) and vorinostat (VOR) combination on the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in the HCC HepG2 cell line at 24 h and 72 h. Median inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of VOR and DAC were assessed in the HepG2 cell line. The activity of caspase-3 was evaluated colorimetrically, and Cyclin D1(CCND1), Bcl-2, ATG5, ATG7, and P62 levels were assessed using ELISA at different time intervals (24 h and 72 h), while LC3IIB and Beclin-1gene expression were measured by using qRT-PCR. The synergistic effect of VOR and DAC was confirmed due to the observed combination indices (CIs) and dose reduction indices (DRIs). The combined treatment with both drugs inhibited the proliferation marker (CCND1), and enhanced apoptosis compared with each drug alone at 24 h and 72 h (via active caspase-3 upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation). Moreover, the combination induced autophagy as an early event via upregulation of Beclin-1, LC3IIB, ATG5, and ATG7 gene expression. The initial induction of autophagy started to decrease after 72 h due to Beclin-1 downregulation, and there was decreased expression of LC3IIB compared with the value at 24 h. Herein, epigenetic modulation via the VOR/DAC combination showed an antitumor effect through the coordination of an autophagy-apoptosis crosstalk and promotion of autophagy-induced apoptosis, which ultimately led to the cellular death of HCC cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant M Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Clinical and Biological Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Hosny Fouad
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Clinical and Biological Science Division, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Marium M Shamaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Clinical and Biological Science Division, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Maha E Houssen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Zhang Y, Pan Q, Shao Z. Extracellular vesicles derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts carry tumor-promotive microRNA-1228-3p to enhance the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib. Hum Cell 2023; 36:296-311. [PMID: 36424471 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can promote tumor progression by delivering microRNA (miRNA). Whether EVs could transfer miR-1228-3p into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to affect chemoresistance was discussed in this study. Normal fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs were isolated from tissue samples of HCC patients. We assessed the functions of HCC cells after co-culturing with NFs and CAFs. miR-1228-3p gain-of-function experiments were conducted. Next, functional assays were carried out to determine the binding of miR-1228-3p to placenta associated 8 (PLAC8). In vivo models were constructed for validation. CAFs-derived EVs exerted promoting effect on proliferative, migrating, invading potential of HCC cells and their resistance to sorafenib. PLAC8 was demonstrated as a direct target of miR-1228-3p. By targeting PLAC8, miR-1228-3p activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. In addition, the transfer of miR-1228-3p from CAFs-derived EVs into HCC cells boosted chemoresistance of HCC cells, which was reversed by restoring PLAC8. All in all, CAF-EV-carried miR-1228-3p strengthens the chemoresistance of HCC through activating PLAC8-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. This finding contributes to the development of EV-based therapies overcoming the chemoresistance of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zigong Shao
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Eptaminitaki GC, Stellas D, Bonavida B, Baritaki S. Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signaling in Cancer Chemoresistance: From Prediction to Druggability. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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JIB-04, a Pan-Inhibitor of Histone Demethylases, Targets Histone-Lysine-Demethylase-Dependent AKT Pathway, Leading to Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibition of Cancer Stem-Like Cell Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147657. [PMID: 35887001 PMCID: PMC9322929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
JIB-04, a pan-histone lysine demethylase (KDM) inhibitor, targets drug-resistant cells, along with colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are crucial for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Despite the advances in CSC biology, the effect of JIB-04 on liver CSCs (LCSCs) and the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated yet. Here, we showed that JIB-04 targeted KDMs, leading to the growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest of HCC, and abolished the viability of LCSCs. JIB-04 significantly attenuated CSC tumorsphere formation, growth, relapse, migration, and invasion in vitro. Among KDMs, the deficiency of KDM4B, KDM4D, and KDM6B reduced the viability of the tumorspheres, suggesting their roles in the function of LCSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that JIB-04 affected various cancer-related pathways, especially the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is crucial for HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs. Our results revealed KDM6B-dependent AKT2 expression and the downregulation of E2F-regulated genes via JIB-04-induced inhibition of the AKT2/FOXO3a/p21/RB axis. A ChIP assay demonstrated JIB-04-induced reduction in H3K27me3 at the AKT2 promoter and the enrichment of KDM6B within this promoter. Overall, our results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effect of JIB-04 on HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs is mediated via targeting the KDM6B-AKT2 pathway, indicating the therapeutic potential of JIB-04.
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Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Kimura Y, Nishiyama M, Fujiwara N, Matsukuma S, Kanekiyo S, Matsui H, Shindo Y, Watanabe Y, Tokumitsu Y, Yoshida S, Iida M, Suzuki N, Takeda S, Ioka T, Hazama S, Nagano H. Elevated expression of RAB3B plays important roles in chemoresistance and metastatic potential of hepatoma cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:260. [PMID: 35277124 PMCID: PMC8917729 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to play important roles in carcinogenesis, recurrence, metastasis, and therapy-resistance. We have successfully induced cancer stem-like sphere cells (CSLCs) which possess enhanced chemoresistance and metastatic potential. To enable the development of targeted therapy against CSLCs, we identified a gene responsible for this phenotype in CSLC.
Methods
Human hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1 was used for CSLC induction with a unique sphere inducing medium, and HuH-7 cells were used as non-sphere forming cells in the same condition. RNA-sequencing was performed followed by validation with quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Knockdown experiments were done by using CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing, and the rescue experiments were performed using the expressing plasmid vector. Chemoresistance and liver metastasis of the cells, was studied following the splenic injection of cells to severely immune deficient mice and evaluated using the MTS assay. Quantification of exosomes in the medium was done using ELISA.
Results
RAB3B was identified as an up-regulated gene in both CSLCs and prognostically poor hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by RNA-sequencing. RAB3B-KD cells showed altered CSLC phenotypes such as sphere formation, chemoresistance, and metastatic potentials, and those were rescued by RAB3B complementation. Increased exosome secretion was observed in CSLCs, and it was not observed in the RAB3B-KD cells. In addition, the RAB3B expression correlated with the expression of ABCG2, APOE, LEPR, LXN, and TSPAN13.
Conclusion
The up regulation of RAB3B may play an important role in the chemoresistance and metastatic potential of CSLCs.
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Rescuing SLAMF3 Expression Restores Sorafenib Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through the Induction of Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040910. [PMID: 35205659 PMCID: PMC8869973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients results in poor prognosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the major mechanism implicated in the resistance to sorafenib. We have reported the tumor suppressor role of SLAMF3 (signaling lymphocytic activation molecules family 3) in HCC progression and highlighted its implication in controlling the MRP-1 transporter activity. These data suggest the implication of SLAMF3 in sorafenib resistance mechanisms. Methods: We evaluated the resistance to sorafenib in Huh-7 cells treated with progressive doses (Res cells). We investigated the link between acquired resistance to sorafenib and SLAMF3 expression by flow cytometry and Western blot methods. Furthermore, we analyzed the EMT and the stem cell potential of cells resistant to sorafenib. Results: Sorafenib resistance was confirmed in Res cells by analyzing the cell viability in the presence of sorafenib. The mesenchymal transition, in Res cells, was confirmed by high migratory index and the expression of EMT antigens. Interestingly, we found that loss of SLAMF3 expression corresponded to sorafenib-resistant phenotypes. The overexpression of SLAMF3 reversed EMT, decreased metastatic potential and inhibited mTOR/ERK1/2 in Res cells. Conclusions: We propose that rescuing SLAMF3 expression in resistant cells could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance sorafenib efficacy in HCC patients.
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Chen GY, Wang D. Prognostic Value of Macrophage-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA Expression for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:215-224. [PMID: 35058716 PMCID: PMC8765715 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s340574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is ample evidence that macrophages play a crucial role in the biological processes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was designed to establish a novel macrophage-associated prognostic model for HCC. Methods Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) microarrays and clinical data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analysed using a univariate Cox proportional regression model to select macrophage-associated prognostic lncRNAs. Multivariate Cox proportional regression models and survival analysis were used to establish a prognosis index (PI) model. Furthermore, to better understand the biological functions of differentially expressed macrophage-associated lncRNAs (MALs) in HCC, enrichment analysis was performed. Finally, the correlation between MALs and clinical features was further analysed in HCC. Results We identified eight MALs with significant prognostic values for HCC. Next, a PI model for HCC was developed, and patients were classified into the high-risk or low-risk group based on risk scores. The overall survival (OS) of high-risk patients was significantly shorter than that of low-risk patients (P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate factors indicate that risk scores can be used as independent prognostic factors for patients with HCC. Multiple receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots show that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the risk score is higher than that of other clinical features. The C-index of our nomogram was 0.768. Conclusion The PI model has a prognostic efficacy superior to that of other clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Chen
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guan-Yu Chen Email
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Abdel-Aziz N, El-Sonbaty SM, Hegazy MGA. Ameliorative potential of manganese nanoparticles with low-level ionizing radiation against experimentally induced hepatocarcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65474-65486. [PMID: 34322790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rich field with infinite possibilities of drug designs for cancer treatment. We aimed to biosynthesize manganese nanoparticles (Mn NPs) using Lactobacillus helveticus to investigate its anticancer synergistic effect with low-dose gamma radiation on HCC-induced rats. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (20 mg/kg BW, 5 times a week for 6 weeks) induced HCC in rats. Rats received Mn NPs (5 mg/kg BW/day) by gastric gavage over 4 weeks concomitant with single dose of gamma radiation (γ-R) (0.25 Gy). Characterization, cytotoxicity, and anticancer activity of Mn NPs were evaluated. DEN-induced significant liver dysfunction (alanine transaminase activity ALT, total proteins, and albumin levels) associated with significant increase in lipid peroxidation levels with reduction in super oxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, DEN intoxication is sponsored for remarkable increase in levels of Alfa-fetoprotein, tumor necrosis factor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta with remarkable decrease in caspase 3 and cytochrome c. Treatment with Mn NPs (4.98-11.58 nm) and single dose gamma radiation evoked significant repair in ALT, total protein, and albumin accompanied with balanced oxidative status, diminished inflammatory biomarkers, angiogenic factor, and growth factor with restoration in apoptotic factors. Mn NPs revealed obvious in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings were well appreciated with the histopathological study. In conclusion, a new approach of the single or combined use of Mn NPs with low-dose γ-radiation regimens as promising paradigm for HCC treatment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Aziz
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa G A Hegazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Devan AR, Kumar AR, Nair B, Anto NP, Muraleedharan A, Mathew B, Kim H, Nath LR. Insights into an Immunotherapeutic Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070656. [PMID: 34358082 PMCID: PMC8308499 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as one of the most lethal cancers worldwide because of its high refractoriness and multi-drug resistance to existing chemotherapies, which leads to poor patient survival. Novel pharmacological strategies to tackle HCC are based on oral multi-kinase inhibitors like sorafenib; however, the clinical use of the drug is restricted due to the limited survival rate and significant side effects, suggesting the existence of a primary or/and acquired drug-resistance mechanism. Because of this hurdle, HCC patients are forced through incomplete therapy. Although multiple approaches have been employed in parallel to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), the results are varying with insignificant outcomes. In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough approach and has played a critical role in HCC treatment. The liver is the main immune organ of the lymphatic system. Researchers utilize immunotherapy because immune evasion is considered a major reason for rapid HCC progression. Moreover, the immune response can be augmented and sustained, thus preventing cancer relapse over the post-treatment period. In this review, we provide detailed insights into the immunotherapeutic approaches to combat MDR by focusing on HCC, together with challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy R. Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India; (A.R.D.); (A.R.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Ayana R. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India; (A.R.D.); (A.R.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India; (A.R.D.); (A.R.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Nikhil Ponnoor Anto
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (N.P.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Amitha Muraleedharan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (N.P.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India;
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (L.R.N.)
| | - Lekshmi R. Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India; (A.R.D.); (A.R.K.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (L.R.N.)
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Cao J, Zheng Y. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the antimicrobial mechanism of lactobionic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Food Funct 2021; 12:1349-1360. [PMID: 33448275 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogenic microorganism that causes foodborne diseases. Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a natural polyhydroxy acid widely used in the food industry. To understand the antibacterial action of LBA against S. aureus better and identify 274 differentially expressed proteins upon LBA treatment, an isobaric tag was used for relative and absolute quantification-based quantitative proteomics. Combined with ultrastructural observations, results suggested that LBA inhibited S. aureus by disrupting cell wall and membrane integrity, regulating adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter expression, affecting cellular energy metabolism, attenuating S. aureus virulence and reducing infection, and decreasing the levels of proteins involved in stress and starvation responses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to validate the proteomic data. The results provide new insights into the inhibitory effects of LBA on S. aureus and suggest that LBA application may be a promising method to ensure food and pharmaceutical product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P.R. China.
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Wang D, Xie D, Bi L, Wang Y, Zou C, Chen L, Geng H, Qian W, Li Y, Sun H, Wang X, Lu Y, Yu D, Zhong C. Benzidine promotes the stemness of bladder cancer stem cells via activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 33552265 PMCID: PMC7798036 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main cause of the initiation, progression and recurrence of tumors. Benzidine has been identified as a risk factor for bladder cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of benzidine on bladder CSCs (BCSCs) and the possible mechanism underlying its action. The bladder cancer cell lines UM-UC-3 and EJ were maintained in serum-free medium and cells forming three-dimensional spheres were characterized as BCSCs. The sphere-forming cells were exposed to different concentrations of benzidine and vismodegib, and western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of markers associated with CSCs and the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. Flow cytometry was used to detect the distribution of cells in different phases of the cell cycle, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the protein expression of CD44. The results revealed that the levels of BCSC markers, namely CD133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-A1, Nanog and octamer-binding transcription factor-4, in the cell spheres were markedly elevated compared with those in cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium. Furthermore, benzidine increased the expression of BCSC markers and promoted the sphere-forming ability of the cells. In addition, it was observed that benzidine activated the SHH pathway, while inhibition of the Shh pathway using vismodegib diminished the promoting effects of benzidine on BCSCs. The findings of the present study indicate that benzidine promoted the stemness of BCSCs via activation of the SHH pathway, which may support further exploration of the molecular basis of the association between benzidine exposure and bladder oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengdian Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Ci Zou
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Youlu Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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13
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Multivalent rubber-like RNA nanoparticles for targeted co-delivery of paclitaxel and MiRNA to silence the drug efflux transporter and liver cancer drug resistance. J Control Release 2020; 330:173-184. [PMID: 33316298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Analogous to the border customs, liver mainly functions as a filter to detoxify chemicals and metabolite administered orally or intravenously. Besides, the liver cancer cells overexpress the drug exporters which cause high drug effluxion from liver cancer cells, leading to chemoresistance and a diminished chemotherapeutic effect on liver cancer. Recently, we found that RNA nanoparticles display rubber-like property that can rapidly deliver therapeutics to tumor site efficiently and the rest of the RNA nanoparticle were cleared by renal excretion within half hour after systemic injection. Therefore, we designed a new multivalent RNA nanoparticle harboring three copies of hepatocyte targeting-ligands, one copy of miR122, and 24 copies of Paclitaxel to overcome the drug effluxion and chemoresistance thus, synergistically treating HCC. The hepatocyte targeting ligands introduce tumor specificity to the RNA nanoparticles as they selectively bind and internalize into liver cancer cells. The rubber-like RNA nanoparticles allow for enhanced targeting ability to the HCC tumors. The RNA nanoparticles carrying miR122 and PTX were delivered to the liver cancer cells efficiently due to their rubber-like property to enhance their EPR as well as the receptor-mediated endocytosis by hepatocyte targeting-ligands. The miR122 efficiently silenced the drug exporters and the oncogenic proteins. The synergistic effect between miR122 and PTX was confirmed by HSA (Highest Single Agent) synergy model. IC50 was determined to be 460 nM. In vivo studies on mice xenografts revealed that the RNA nanoparticle predominantly accumulated in HCC tumor sites and efficiently inhibited the tumor growth after multiple IV injection. This demonstrates the potential of the rubber-like multivalent RNA nanoparticles to conquest the liver cancer, a currently incurable lethal disease.
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Lee JH, Suh JH, Kang HJ, Choi SY, Jung SW, Lee-Kwon W, Park SA, Kim H, Ye BJ, Yoo EJ, Jeong GW, Park NH, Kwon HM. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein promotes stemness of liver cancer and cisplatin resistance. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102926. [PMID: 32739873 PMCID: PMC7393528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High recurrence and chemoresistance drive the high mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although cancer stem cells are considered to be the source of recurrent and chemoresistant tumors, they remain poorly defined in HCC. Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is elevated in almost all HCC tumors and associated with recurrence and death. We aimed to identify function of TonEBP in stemness and chemoresistance of liver cancer. METHODS Tumors obtained from 280 HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemical analyses. Stemness and chemoresistance of liver CSCs (LCSCs) were investigated using cell culture. Tumor-initiating activity was measured by implanting LCSCs into BALB/c nude mice. FINDINGS Expression of TonEBP is higher in LCSCs in HCC cell lines and correlated with markers of LCSCs whose expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. TonEBP mediates ATM-mediated activation of NF-κB, which stimulates the promoter of a key stem cell transcription factor SOX2. As expected, TonEBP is required for the tumorigenesis and self-renewal of LSCSs. Cisplatin induces the recruitment of the ERCC1/XPF dimer to the chromatin in a TonEBP-dependent manner leading to DNA repair and cisplatin resistance. The cisplatin-induced inflammation in LSCSs is also dependent on the TonEBP-ERCC1/XPF complex, and leads to enhanced stemness via the ATM-NF-κB-SOX2 pathway. In HCC patients, tumor expression of ERCC1/XPF predicts recurrence and death in a TonEBP-dependent manner. INTERPRETATION TonEBP promotes stemness and cisplatin resistance of HCC via ATM-NF-κB. TonEBP is a key regulator of LCSCs and a promising therapeutic target for HCC and its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Suh
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ah Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Won Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ding H, Wang Y, Zhang H. CCND1 silencing suppresses liver cancer stem cell differentiation and overcomes 5-Fluorouracil resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:219-225. [PMID: 32418739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemoresistance is one of the major barriers in chemotherapy-based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) intervention. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is a widely used as an anticancer drug. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are considered the origin of tumor recurrence and resistance. CCND1 (Cyclin D1) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis in multiple cancers including HCC. Herein, this study was designed to explore the role of CCND1 in regulating LCSCs differentiation and 5-Fu resistance in HCC cells. METHODS The CCND1 mRNA level was examined by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of γ-H2AX (a DNA damage marker) and RAD51 (a DNA repair protein) were examined by Western blot. CD133 was used as a LCSC marker and CD133+ cell percentage in HCC cells was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS CCND1 silencing decreased CD133+ cell percentage in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, CCND1 silencing significantly increased protein level of γ-H2AX and decreased that of RAD51 under 5-Fu exposure. Moreover, CCND1 silencing enhanced the sensitivity of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells to 5-Fu, which was effectively abrogated by RAD51 upregulation. CONCLUSION Collectively, CCND1 silencing suppresses LCSCs differentiation and overcomes 5-Fu resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Zhang BH, Yang J, Jiang L, Lyu T, Kong LX, Tan YF, Li B, Zhu YF, Xi AY, Xu X, Yan LN, Yang JY. Development and validation of a 14-gene signature for prognosis prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genomics 2020; 112:2763-2771. [PMID: 32198063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a crucial medical problem. Precise and concise prognostic models are urgently needed because of the intricate gene variations among liver cancer cells. We conducted this study to identify a prognostic gene signature with biological significance. We applied two algorithms to generate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and normal specimens in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (training set included) and performed enrichment analyses to expound on their biological significance. A protein-protein interactions network was established based on the STRING online tool. We then used Cytoscape to screen hub genes in crucial modules. A multigene signature was constructed by Cox regression analysis of hub genes to stratify the prognoses of HCC patients in the training set. The prognostic value of the multigene signature was externally validated in two other sets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE14520 and GSE76427), and its role in recurrence prediction was also investigated. A total of 2000 DEGs were obtained, including 1542 upregulated genes and 458 downregulated genes. Subsequently, we constructed a 14-gene signature on the basis of 56 hub genes, which was a good predictor of overall survival. The prognostic signature could be replicated in GSE14520 and GSE76427. Moreover, the 14-gene signature could be applied for recurrence prediction in the training set and GSE14520. In summary, the 14-gene signature extracted from hub genes was involved in some of the HCC-related signalling pathways; it not only served as a predictive signature for HCC outcome but could also be used to predict HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Lyu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ling-Xiang Kong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi-Fei Tan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ao-Yao Xi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lyu-Nan Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jia-Yin Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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17
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Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Suzuki N, Hazama S, Nagano H. Clinical implications of cancer stem cells in digestive cancers: acquisition of stemness and prognostic impact. Surg Today 2020; 50:1560-1577. [PMID: 32025858 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are the most frequent cancers worldwide and often associated with poor prognosis because of their invasive and metastatic characteristics. Recent studies have found that the plasticity of cancer cells can impart cancer stem-like properties via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cancer stem-like properties such as tumor initiation are integral to the formation of metastasis, which is the main cause of poor prognosis. Numerous markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in many types of cancer. Therefore, CSCs, via their stem cell-like functions, may play an important role in prognosis after surgery. While several reports have described prognostic analysis using CSC markers, few reviews have summarized CSCs and their association with prognosis. Herein, we review the prognostic potential of eight CSC markers, CD133, CD44, CD90, ALDH1A1, EPCAM, SOX2, SOX9, and LGR5, in digestive cancers including those of the pancreas, colon, liver, gastric, and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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18
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Liu J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Wang G, Wang J, Xu X, Shi C, Huang J. Anticancer Action of Psilostachyin-A in 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Human Liver Carcinoma are Mediated Through Autophagy Induction, G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibiting Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6711-6718. [PMID: 31492830 PMCID: PMC6752110 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies around the world and one of the major causes of cancer related mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of the natural compound psilostachyin-A on 5-fluorouracil-resistant human liver carcinoma cells and its effects on autophagy, cell cycle, caspase activation, and the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Material/Methods Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate the effects on HepG2 cell viability at different doses of psilostachyin-A. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry, and Transwell assay was used to check effects on cell invasion. Transmission electron microscopic studies were done to evaluate autophagy induced by psilostachyin-A, and the western blot method was carried out to evaluate the effects on autophagy and the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Results CCK-8 assay revealed that the psilostachyin-A reduced the cell viability of HepG2 cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. Psilostachyin-A also reduced the colony forming potential of HepG2 cells, concentration dependently. The IC50 of psilostachyin was found to be 25 μM. The anticancer effects of psilostachyin-A were due to the induction of autophagy which was accompanied by enhancement of LC3B II expression. Psilostachyin also caused cell cycle arrest by enhancing the accumulation of HepG2 cells in the G2/M phase. Transwell assay showed that psilostachyin-A suppressed the invasion of HepG2 cells. The results also showed that psilostachyin-A could block the ERK/MAPK pathway, indicative of the cytotoxic effects of psilostachyin-A on liver cancer. Conclusions These preliminary observations suggested that psilostachyin-A might prove beneficial in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Chengxian Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Jianzhao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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Effect of protocatechuic acid-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles on diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217009. [PMID: 31141523 PMCID: PMC6541272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers investigating cancer chemotherapy and management continue to search for agents that selectively kill malignant cells and leave healthy neighboring cells intact. Natural products provide relevant resources for anti-cancer drug discovery. However, the physicochemical properties of these compounds limit their efficient uptake and bioavailability. We introduced a nanocarrier system, namely, zinc-aluminum-layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH) intercalated with protocatechuic acid. In this study, the efficacy and toxicity of protocatechuic acid intercalated in zinc aluminum-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (PCA-ZnAl) against diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital (DEN/PB)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in BALB/c mice was evaluated. HCC in male mice was induced by a single-dose intraperitoneal administration of DEN and was promoted by the introduction of PB via drinking water for 12 weeks. HCC induction was confirmed after the DEN/PB introduction period by measurement of the elevated level of serum α-feto protein (AFP). The results showed that the level of α-fetoprotein was significantly reduced in PCA-ZnAl (350±43.90 ng/mL), doxorubicin (DOX) (290±20.52 ng/mL) and ZnAl-LDH (390±19.65 ng/mL) treated animals compared to HCC mice treated with normal saline (580.4± 52.04 ng/mL). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly increased, whereas the level of lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased in HCC mice treated with DOX, PCA-ZnAl and ZnAl-LDH compared with those in HCC mice treated with saline. Restoration of hepatocyte morphology was observed following treatment that was comparable to that in the normal control group. Deterioration of hepatic cells and a significant increase of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed in the cancer-induced untreated group compared with that in the groups treated with nanoparticles. The histopathological features of the liver obtained from PCA-ZnAl-treated mice showed a uniform size with a similar distribution of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and nucleus centrally located in the cytoplasm, similar to the normal liver cells. The results underscored the potential of PCA-ZnAl for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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20
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Delivery of Superparamagnetic Polymeric Micelles Loaded With Quercetin to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:996-1006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Bautista WW, Osiowy C, Klein J, Minuk GY. Hepatitis B Virus Infection of Normal Hepatic Stem/Progenitor Cells. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:34-42. [PMID: 30765937 PMCID: PMC6363946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Whether the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects normal hepatic stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) and if so, whether such infections play a role in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced chronic liver disease (CLD) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be determined. The objectives of this study were to determine whether HBV infects NSCs and whether such infections alter NSC activity in a manner likely to contribute to the development of CLD and/or HCC. METHODS Liver biopsies from five hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients were co-stained for HBcAg and HBx and the stem cell markers EpCAM, Oct-4 and Nanog. In addition, primary NSCs derived from healthy human livers were exposed to HBV contaminated serum in vitro. Supernatant and/or cellular HBsAg, HBcAg and HBV-DNA expression were documented over the subsequent 30 days of culture. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, membrane potential differences (PDs), proliferative and telomerase activities of HBV-infected NSCs were also documented. RESULTS Markers of HBV infection were present within the NSC population of all five biopsy specimens. In vitro, HBV markers appeared within three days of exposure, peaked in expression after 10-15 days and remained positive thereafter for the duration of cell viability. There were no consistent changes in HBV-infected NSC pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, membrane PDs, proliferative or telomerase activities. CONCLUSIONS Although the results of this study need to be confirmed, they suggest that HBV infects human NSCs but in the short term, do not alter those NSC features or activities associated with CLD and/or HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W. Bautista
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Julianne Klein
- Diagnostic Services Manitoba, Department of Pathology, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gerald Y. Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada,Address for correspondence: Gerald Y. Minuk, Morberg Family Chair in Hepatology, University of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada. Tel.: +1 204 789 3204; fax: +1 204 789 3987.
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22
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Chen D, Pan X, Xie F, Lu Y, Zou H, Yin C, Zhang Y, Gao J. Codelivery of doxorubicin and elacridar to target both liver cancer cells and stem cells by polylactide-co-glycolide/d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6855-6870. [PMID: 30498347 PMCID: PMC6207383 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that are responsible for the initiation, progression, drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of liver cancer. Recent studies have suggested that the eradication of both LCSCs and liver cancer cells is necessary because the conversion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to cancer cells occasionally occurs. As ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are overexpressed in both CSCs and cancer cells, combined therapies using ABC transporter inhibitors and chemotherapy drugs could show superior therapeutic efficacy in liver cancer. In this study, we developed poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles to accomplish the simultaneous delivery of an optimized ratio of doxorubicin (DOX) and elacridar (ELC) to target both LCSCs and liver cancer cells. Methods Median-effect analysis was used for screening of DOX and ELC for synergy in liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells) and LCSCs (HepG2 tumor sphere [HepG2-TS]). Then, nanoparticles loaded with DOX and ELC at the optimized ratio (NDEs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The cytotoxicity and colony and tumor sphere formation ability of nanoparticles were investigated in vitro, and the tissue distribution and antitumor activity of nanoparticles were evaluated in vivo. Results We demonstrated that a DOX/ELC molar ratio of 1:1 was synergistic in HepG2 cells and HepG2-TS. NDEs were shown to exhibit significantly increased cytotoxic effects against both HepG2 and HepG2-TS compared with DOX-loaded nanoparticles (NDs) or ELC-loaded nanoparticles (NEs) in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited better tumor targeting, with NDE showing the strongest antitumor activity with lower systemic toxicity. Conclusion These results suggested that NDE represented a promising combination therapy against liver cancer by targeting both liver cancer cells and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China, .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, .,Department of Planning, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fangyuan Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China,
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China,
| | - Chuan Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei 441000, China,
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China, .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China,
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23
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Liu X, Zuo J, Fang Y, Wen J, Deng F, Zhong H, Jiang B, Wang J, Nie B. Downregulation of hepatic lipase is associated with decreased CD133 expression and clone formation in HepG2 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2137-2144. [PMID: 30015857 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug resistance of cancer remains a major obstacle to successful chemotherapy. New strategies for improving chemotherapeutic efficacy are urgently required. Recent studies have indicated that LIPC plays a role in promoting the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of LIPC on theproliferation and clone formation of colorectal cancer-derived cells, and chemoresistance in hepatoblastoma-derived HepG2 cells. The activity and expression of LIPC were determined in the cell lines by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. HepG2 cells in which LIPC was knocked down by LIPC short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and control cells [shRNA control (shCON)] were established and analyzed for cell proliferation and colony formation rates. FACS analysis was used to explore the association between LIPC and the tumor-derived cell biomarker, CD133, and the percentages of CD133-positive cells were assessed by FACS. Additionally, shLIPC- and shCON-transfected cells were treated with various concentrations of doxorubicin and 5-floxuridine (5-FU), and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. mRNA levels in the shLIPC- and shCON-transfected cells were compared by cDNA microarray and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The results revealed that the HepG2 cells exhibited a relatively higher LIPC activity and expression levels compared to the other colon cancer cell lines. The downregulation of LIPC in the HepG2 cells was associated with the decreased expression of CD133, decreased cell proliferation and colony formation, as well as increased resistance to chemotherapy. KEGG analysis of the cDNA microarray data revealed increased levels in the cell adhesion molecule (CAM) pathway, including CLDN10 and CLDN1, indicating that CAMs may play a role in LIPC-mediated tumor progression. The present findings indicate a potential role of LIPC as a promising therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Jide Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Biao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
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24
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Correnti M, Raggi C. Stem-like plasticity and heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells: current status and prospect challenges in liver cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7094-7115. [PMID: 27738343 PMCID: PMC5351693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis and high recurrence remain leading causes of primary liver cancerassociated mortality. The spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood plays a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence after surgery. Nevertheless, only a subset of CTCs can survive, migrate to distant sites and establish secondary tumors. Consistent with cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, stem-like CTCs might represent a potential source for cancer relapse and distant metastasis. Thus, identification of stem-like metastasis-initiating CTC-subset may provide useful clinically prognostic information. This review will emphasize the most relevant findings of CTCs in the context of stem-like biology associated to liver carcinogenesis. In this view, the emerging field of stem-like CTCs may deliver substantial contribution in liver cancer field in order to move to personalized approaches for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Correnti
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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25
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Gao CL, Wang GW, Yang GQ, Yang H, Zhuang L. Karyopherin subunit-α 2 expression accelerates cell cycle progression by upregulating CCNB2 and CDK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2815-2820. [PMID: 29435009 PMCID: PMC5778818 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of cancer exhibit distinct gene expression profiles. The present study aimed to identify a specific gene dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that was essential for cancer progression. The whole transcriptomes of primary HCC tissue samples were analyzed with microarrays. The most significantly differentially expressed gene was identified, specifically karyopherin subunit-α 2 (KPNA2), and an analysis using the Oncomine online tool was performed with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to predict associated genes in HCC. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the gene expression levels of KPNA2, and the RNA interference knockdown of KPNA2 was performed to identify the effect on putative downstream target genes. A proliferation assay and flow cytometry analysis was used to assess the function of KPNA2 in the regulation of the cell cycle. The results demonstrated that KPNA2 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tumor tissues compared with liver tissues and was associated with cyclin B2 (CCNB2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) expression. KPNA2 expression was identified a novel marker to predict the outcome of patients. In addition, KPNA2 knockdown downregulated CCNB2 and CDK1, inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that KPNA2 may promote tumor cell proliferation by increasing the expression of CCNB2/CDK1. KPNA2 could be a target for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Qin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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26
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Chen JJ, Cai N, Chen GZ, Jia CC, Qiu DB, Du C, Liu W, Yang Y, Long ZJ, Zhang Q. The neuroleptic drug pimozide inhibits stem-like cell maintenance and tumorigenicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17593-17609. [PMID: 26061710 PMCID: PMC5392272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is currently an important approach for accelerating drug discovery and development for clinical use. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents drug resistance to chemotherapy, and the prognosis is poor due to the existence of liver cancer stem-like cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of the neuroleptic agent pimozide to inhibit stem-like cell maintenance and tumorigenicity in HCC. Our results showed that pimozide functioned as an anti-cancer drug in HCC cells or stem-like cells. Pimozide inhibited cell proliferation and sphere formation capacities in HCC cells by inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, as well as inhibited HCC cell migration. Surprisingly, pimozide inhibited the maintenance and tumorigenicity of HCC stem-like cells, particularly the side population (SP) or CD133-positive cells, as evaluated by colony formation, sphere formation and transwell migration assays. Furthermore, pimozide was found to suppress STAT3 activity in HCC cells by attenuating STAT3-dependent luciferase activity and down-regulating the transcription levels of downstream genes of STAT3 signaling. Moreover, pimozide reversed the stem-like cell tumorigenic phenotypes induced by IL-6 treatment in HCC cells. Further, the antitumor effect of pimozide was also proved in the nude mice HCC xenograft model. In short, the anti-psychotic agent pimozide may act as a novel potential anti-tumor agent in treating advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Chen
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Cai
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Zhong Chen
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Chang Jia
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Bo Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Vaccine Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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27
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Tsend-Ayush A, Zhu X, Ding Y, Yao J, Yin L, Zhou J, Yao J. Lactobionic acid-conjugated TPGS nanoparticles for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of etoposide against hepatocellular carcinoma. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:195602. [PMID: 28291743 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa66ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many effective anti-cancer drugs have limited use in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy due to the drug resistance mechanisms in liver cells. In recent years, tumor-targeted drug delivery and the inhibition of drug-resistance-related mechanisms has become an integrated strategy for effectively combating chemo-resistant cancer. Herein, lactobionic acid-conjugated d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS-LA conjugate) has been developed as a potential asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-targeted nanocarrier and an efficient inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to enhance etoposide (ETO) efficacy against HCC. The main properties of ETO-loaded TPGS-LA nanoparticles (NPs) were tested through in vitro and in vivo studies after being prepared using the nanoprecipitation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). According to the results, smaller (∼141.43 nm), positively charged ETO-loaded TPGS-LA NPs were more suitable for providing efficient delivery to hepatoma cells by avoiding the clearance mechanisms. It was found that ETO-loaded TPGS-LA NPs were noticeably able to enhance the cytotoxicity of ETO in HepG2 cells. Besides this, markedly higher internalization by the ASGPR-overexpressed HepG2 cells and efficient accumulation at the tumor site in vivo were revealed in the TPGS-LA NP group. More importantly, animal studies confirmed that ETO-loaded TPGS-LA NPs achieved the highest therapeutic efficacy against HCC. Interestingly, ETO-loaded TPGS-LA NPs also exhibited a great inhibitory effect on P-gp compared to the ETO-loaded TPGS NPs. These results suggest that TPGS-LA NPs could be used as a potential ETO delivery system against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altansukh Tsend-Ayush
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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28
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Liu CY, Hsieh CH, Kim SH, Wang JP, Ni YL, Su CL, Yao CF, Fang K. An indolylquinoline derivative activates DNA damage response and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2431-2441. [PMID: 27748837 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. The development of resistance to therapy limits the application against the disease. To improve treatment, new effective anticancer agents are constantly pursued. Previously, we reported that an indolylquinoline, 3-((7-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-methyl)-2-methylquinoline (EMMQ), is effective in suppressing the growth of human lung cancer by impairing mitochondria functions. The present study revealed that EMMQ inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells, but not in normal cells. This study demonstrated that EMMQ induced DNA damage by activating p53 and γ-H2AX and cell arrest by suppressing cyclin D1 and CDK2. Damaged DNA injured mitochondrial functions by lowering the membrane potential and producing reactive oxygen species. The subsequent mitochondrial cytochrome c release attenuated pro-survival signals and increased apoptotic characteristics. Introduction of p53 shRNA abrogated drug effects by reducing DNA damage while maintaining mitochondria integrity. In brief, the study demonstrates that the effectiveness of EMMQ accentuated apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells by activating p53. Based on these collective findings, the study offered a new perspective of EMMQ that was shown to be a promising candidate to treat liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Ping Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Lin Ni
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Li Su
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kang Fang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Minuk GY, Baruch Y. Hepatitis B viral infection of hepatic progenitor cells. Resolving unresolved questions? Med Hypotheses 2016; 91:24-27. [PMID: 27142136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated data to date do not entirely explain the; propensity of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) to cause chronic infections in newborns; failure of antiviral agents to resolve infections or precise mechanism whereby HBV causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on the increased numbers of hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HPCs) present within the neonatal liver, the refractoriness of these cells to the effects of interferons and xenobiotics and their ability to undergo malignant transformation, we hypothesize that HBV infection of HPCs could explain these and perhaps other clinical features of chronic HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Y Baruch
- Liver Unit, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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30
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PS341 inhibits hepatocellular and colorectal cancer cells through the FOXO3/CTNNB1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22090. [PMID: 26915315 PMCID: PMC4768146 DOI: 10.1038/srep22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are among the most common cancers across the world. Particularly, a large number of patients with CRC also have liver metastasis. Currently, there are just a few targeted drugs against these two kinds of tumors which can only benefit a very small population of patients. Therefore, the need of more effective therapeutic drugs or strategies for these two types of cancers is urgent. PS341 (Bortezomib) is the first proteasome inhibitor drug which has been approved in clinical treatment for multiple myeloma. Here we demonstrated that PS341 negatively regulated HCC and CRC both in vitro and in vivo, including the inhibition of cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the expression of stemness-related genes, cell migration and invasiveness. Mechanically, PS341 upregulated the expression of FOXO3, which inhibited the transcriptional activation of CTNNB1. The downregualtion of CTNNB1 led to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of migration, invasion, self-renewal and tumor formation of these two cancer types. In sum, our findings shed light on the PS341 mediated targeted therapy against both HCC and CRC in the future.
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31
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Junhom C, Weerapreeyakul N, Tanthanuch W, Thumanu K. FTIR microspectroscopy defines early drug resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 340:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Zhang L, Li H, Ge C, Li M, Zhao FY, Hou HL, Zhu MX, Tian H, Zhang LX, Chen TY, Jiang GP, Xie HY, Cui Y, Yao M, Li JJ. Inhibitory effects of transcription factor Ikaros on the expression of liver cancer stem cell marker CD133 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10621-35. [PMID: 25301737 PMCID: PMC4279398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 is a cellular surface glycoprotein that has been reported as a marker for the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the regulatory mechanism of CD133 remains unknown. CSCs have been proposed to contribute to radioresistance and multi-drug resistance. The elucidation of key regulators of CD133 and CSCs is critical for the development of CSC-targeted therapy. In this study, we showed that Ikarosinhibited the expression of CD133 via direct binding to the CD133 P1 promoter and repressed the tumorigenic and self-renewal capacity of CD133(+) cancer stem-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that Ikaros interacted with CtBP as a transcription repressor complex, which inhibited CD133 expression in HCC. We also demonstrated that Ikaros expression was up-regulated by ETS1 which activity was regulated by MAPKs pathway. Furthermore, decreased expression of Ikaroswas significantly associated with poor survival in HCC patients. Overall, our study identifies that Ikaros plays a role as a transcription repressor in HCC and is a new reactivated therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC. Meanwhile, our findings provide evidence that Ikaros could be an attractive inhibitor of the target gene CD133, which reactivates anticancer mechanisms in targeted CSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He-lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guo-ping Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-yang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cancer Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Huang H, Hu M, Li P, Lu C, Li M. Mir-152 inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation of CD133(+) liver cancer stem cells by targeting KIT. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:921-8. [PMID: 25311946 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR152 is involved in diverse biological functions and development of disease. This study investigates the role of mir-152 in cell proliferation and colony formation of liver cancer stem cells. We show that exogenous overexpression of mir-152 suppresses cell proliferation and colony formation in CD133(+) hep3B cells. We also show that KIT is a direct target of miR-152 and miR-152 downregulates protein expression of KIT by directly binding to 3' untranslated region of KIT. Downregulation of KIT by specific siRNAs inhibits proliferation and colony formation of CD133(+) hep3B cells, which is similar to inhibitory effects of miR-152. Moreover, exogenous expression of KIT compromises inhibitory effects of miR-152 on cell proliferation and colony formation. Our findings suggest that mir-152 inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation of CD133(+) hep3B cells by targeting KIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Huang
- Clinical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, 524001, Zhanjiang, China
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34
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Jung YD, Shim JW, Park SJ, Choi SH, Yang K, Heo K, Park MT. Downregulation of UHRF1 promotes EMT via inducing CXCR4 in human cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:1232-42. [PMID: 25572953 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for malignant tumor progression exhibiting migratory and invasive properties. UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, with PHD and RING finger domains 1), as an epigenetic regulator, plays a crucial role in DNA CpG methylation, chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Many studies demonstrated that UHRF1 is aberrantly expressed in various types of human cancer. However, the precise role of UHRF1 in human cancers remains highly controversial. In the present study, we found that downregulation of UHRF1 enhances the migratory and invasive properties of human cancer cells by inducing EMT, and that the CXCR4 signaling pathway is strictly necessary for UHRF1 deficiency-mediated induction of EMT. Downregulation of UHRF1 induced the expression of the EMT-regulating transcription factors, Zeb1, Slug and Snail and then led to decreased protein level of E-cadherin, and increased protein level of N-cadherin and vimentin, including increased migratory and invasive properties of human cancer cells. In addition, siRNA targeting of Zeb1 or Snail effectively attenuated UHRF1 deficiency-induced EMT, but siRNA targeting of Slug did not, indicating that Zeb1 and Snail play key roles in this event. Moreover, downregulation of UHRF1 induced the expression of CXCR4 in HepG2 cells. siRNA targeting of CXCR4 greatly suppressed the UHRF1 deficiency-induced EMT, as evidenced by a reversal of expression patterns of Snail and Zeb1, and by reduced migratory and invasive properties of HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that downregulation of UHRF1 contributes to the induction of EMT in human cancer cells via the activation of CXCR4 signaling pathway. Our observation also suggests that UHRF1 may play a pivotal role in suppressing the malignant alteration of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Deun Jung
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Shim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Heo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Taek Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
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Hashimoto N, Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Watanabe Y, Hazama S, Oka M. Cancer stem-like sphere cells induced from de-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell lines possess the resistance to anti-cancer drugs. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:722. [PMID: 25260650 PMCID: PMC4190290 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to play important roles in therapy-resistance. In this study, we induced cancer stem-like cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines using a unique medium, and examined their potential for resistance to anti-cancer drugs. METHODS The human HCC cell lines SK-HEP-1 (SK), HLE, Hep 3B, and HuH-7 were used to induce cancer stem-like cells with our sphere induction medium supplemented with neural survival factor-1. NANOG and LIN28A were examined as stemness markers. Several surface markers for CSC such as CD24, CD44, CD44 variant, and CD90 were analyzed by flow-cytometry. To assess the resistance to anti-cancer drugs, the MTS assay, cell cycle analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity assay were performed. RESULTS Poorly differentiated HCC derived SK and undifferentiated HCC derived HLE cell lines efficiently formed spheres of cells (SK-sphere and HLE-sphere), but well-differentiated HCC-derived HuH-7 and Hep 3B cells did not. SK-spheres showed increased NANOG, LIN28A, and ALDH1A1 mRNA levels compared to parental cells. We observed more CD44 variant-positive cells in SK-spheres than in parental cells. The cell viability of SK-spheres was significantly higher than that of SK cells in the presence of several anti-cancer drugs except sorafenib (1.7- to 7.3-fold, each P < 0.05). The cell cycle of SK-spheres was arrested at the G0/G1 phase compared to SK cells. SK-spheres showed higher ABCG2 and HIF1A mRNA expression and lower ROS production compared to parental cells. CONCLUSION Our novel method successfully induced cancer stem-like cells, which possessed chemoresistance that was related to the cell cycle, drug efflux, and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Hashimoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Yusaku Watanabe
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Masaaki Oka
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
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Reduced expression of argininosuccinate lyase is closely associated with postresectional survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunohistochemistry study of 61 cases. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 20:602-6. [PMID: 22531684 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318250c814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is an important enzyme in the hepatic urea cycle, and catalyzes the reversible reaction of argininosuccinate to arginine and fumarate. Its expression is significantly reduced in some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation of reduced ASL expression and clinicopathologic features and prognosis in HCC patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of ASL in HCC tissues from 61 patients who had undergone hepatic tumor resection. The correlation of ASL expression in HCC with background liver status, viral status, tumor size, portal vein invasion, histopathologic differentiation, early tumor recurrence, sex, and age were assessed with the χ(2) test. Patient survival and survival differences were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox regression (proportional hazard model) was used for multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Strong positive staining was found in 39/61 HCCs and normal liver tissues, and reduced ASL staining was found in 22/61 HCCs (36.1%). Patients with low ASL expression had a significantly poorer overall survival and disease-free survival (both P<0.001). Reduced ASL expression in carcinoma tissues was also significantly associated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage and early tumor recurrence, and histopathologic differentiation and portal vein invasion (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that ASL is an independent prognostic marker for HCC. Therefore, reduced ASL expression may be a novel maker for poor prognosis in HCC patients.
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Alisi A, Baffet G. Self-renewal of tumor-initiating cells: what's new about hepatocellular carcinoma? Gastroenterology 2012; 142:1414-6. [PMID: 22542831 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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