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Almosa FAM, Alnasser AHA, Al-Tawfiq JA. Distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in a Saudi Arabian hospital during the 2015-2020 period. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2021; 29:450-455. [PMID: 35146350 PMCID: PMC8805486 DOI: 10.53854/liim-2903-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. HCV genotypes and subtypes are important predictors of disease progression and antiviral treatment response. To our knowledge, there had been limited studies of HCV genotypes in Qatif, Saudi Arabia. This study aims to assess the distribution of HCV genotypes in Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective study of adult patients with HCV infection between January 2015 and December 2020. Only patients with documented HCV genotyping were included. A total of 356 HCVinfected patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in further analysis. Of those patients, 179 (50.3%) were males, and most were Saudi (N=347, 97.5%). The median age was 60 years, and 191 (53.7%) were 50-69 years of age. Genotype 2 was present in 118 (33.1%) of the patients, followed by genotype 4 in 92 (25.8%), genotype 1B in 62 (17.4%), and genotype 1A in 37 (10.4%). The study showed that HCV genotype 2 is the predominant variant among chronic HCV patients in the study population. Monitoring the epidemiology of HCV genotypes may provide guidance in treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Ali M. Almosa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hassan A. Alnasser
- Department of Laboratory, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ben Yakov G, Sharma D, Alao H, Surana P, Kapuria D, Etzion O, Hsieh MM, Tisdale JF, Fitzhugh CD, Kleiner DE, Levy EB, Chang R, Rivera E, Huang A, Koh C, Heller T. Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography (Fibroscan®) in sickle cell liver disease - could we strike while the liver is hard? Br J Haematol 2019; 187:117-123. [PMID: 31218662 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is validated for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in different liver diseases. Sickle cell liver disease (SCLD) results from a cumulative hepatic injury and its lifelong and progressive nature raises the need for a non-invasive tool for fibrosis evaluation. Fifty patients, aged between 23 and 59 years with sickle cell disease and suspected SCLD underwent a VCTE followed by a liver biopsy. Biopsies were evaluated for various scores of liver disease that were then correlated to VCTE score. 90% of our patients had an Ishak Fibrosis (IF) score between 0-2 (Group A-minimal to no fibrosis) and 10% of the patients had IF score between 3-6 (Group B-advanced fibrosis). The median Transient Elastography (TE) for patients in Groups A and B was 4·8 kilopascals (kPa) and 17·6 kPa, respectively. A positive correlation was shown between TE and IF score, R = 0·0·68 (P = <0·0001); a positive correlation was also shown with Histology Activity Index fibrosis score, R = 0·64 (P = <0·0001). This study emphasises the need for further studies of non-invasive tools and their utility in liver fibrosis evaluation of patients with SCLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ben Yakov
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Disha Sharma
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hawwa Alao
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ohad Etzion
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew M Hsieh
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Elliot B Levy
- Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Chang
- Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Amy Huang
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ghaderi-Zefrehi H, Gholami-Fesharaki M, Sharafi H, Sadeghi F, Alavian SM. The Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e40357. [PMID: 27826320 PMCID: PMC5097177 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.40357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is classified into seven genotypes and more than 100 subtypes. The treatment regimen, duration and efficacy of HCV therapy may vary according to the HCV genotype. Therefore, the HCV genotype should be determined prior to antiviral therapy. The objective of the current study was to review systematically all studies reporting the distribution of HCV genotypes in the countries that make up the Middle East. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Articles were identified by searching electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed and Google scholar, with timeline limits (articles published between 1995 and 2016). We carried out a systematic search regarding the distribution of HCV genotypes in Middle Eastern countries. RESULTS A total of 579 studies were identified by the electronic search. Of these, a total of 187 were identified as eligible papers including 60,319 patients who were meta-analyzed for pooled distribution of HCV genotypes. In Turkey, Israel, Cyprus, and Iran, genotype 1 was the most prevalent HCV genotype with rates of 82% (95% CI, 82%-83%), 68% (95% CI, 67%-69%), 68% (95% CI, 59%-77%), and 55% (95% CI, 54%-55%), respectively. In Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria, HCV genotype 4 was the most common genotype with rates of 86% (95% CI, 85%-88%), 60% (95% CI, 56%-64%), 56% (95% CI, 54%-55%), and 57% (95% CI, 54%-61%), respectively. On the basis of adjusted data, HCV genotype 4 was the most prevalent genotype in the Middle East region, with a rate of 74.7% (95% CI, 73.4%-76%), followed by genotype 1 at 15.1% (95% CI, 14.1%-16%). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that HCV genotype 4 is the most prevalent genotype in the Middle East region. However, HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent among non-Arab countries in the region including Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, and Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghaderi-Zefrehi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188945186, Fax: +98-2188945188, E-mail:
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D’Ambrosio R, Poggiali E, Cappellini MD. Treating hepatitis C in patients with hemoglobinopathies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1086333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Agha A, Chakik R, Abdulhadi Ali MM, Alsaudi D, Sammito G, Giannini EG. Peg-interfon alpha-2a and low-dose ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with sickle-cell anemia in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33:610-3. [PMID: 24413867 PMCID: PMC6074907 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Data regarding the safety and efficacy of antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) in patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are scanty. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiviral therapy with PEG-IFN and low-dose RBV in patients with SCD and chronic HCV infection receiving hydroxyurea in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND SETTINGS This was a prospective interventional study conducted between January 2009 and September 2012 at the outpatient departments of Haematology and Hepatology/Gastroenterology of a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 8 treatment-naive patients (5 males, 63%) with chronic hepatitis C and SCD receiving hydroxyurea who were treated with PEG-IFN alpha-2a (180 micro g weekly) and low-dose RBV (200 mg daily). Early virological response (EVR) and sustained virological response (SVR) rates were assessed in all patients. RESULTS All patients were infected with HCV genotype 1 (n=6.8%) or 4 (n=22%). EVR was obtained in 3 patients (38%) and SVR in 6 patients (7%). During the study, there was no increase in the number of blood units transfused and emergency visits due to painful crises. CONCLUSION in Saudi Arabian patients with SCD and chronic HCV infection on hydroxyurea, PEG-IFN and low-dose RBV treatment proved to be efficacious and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edoardo Giovanni Giannini
- Prof. Edoardo Giovanni Giannini, Department of Internal Medicine,, Gastroenterology Unit,, Viale Benedetto XV,, No. 6, Genova 16146,, Italy ., T: +390103537950, F: +390103538638,
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Abozaid SM, Shoukri M, Al-Qahtani A, Al-Ahdal MN. Prevailing genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Saudi Arabia: a systematic analysis of evidence. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33:1-5. [PMID: 23458931 PMCID: PMC6078584 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 has been reported to be prevalent in some countries of the Middle East, the genotype distribution in some geographical areas is not conclusive. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis on available literature on this issue in an attempt to identify or confirm the prevailing HCV genotypes in Saudi Arabia. METHODS We searched for reports describing genotypes in Saudi Arabia. A meta-analysis was performed on the samples in 18 studies, published between 1995 and 2011, in which HCV genotypes were identified. RESULTS A total of 2277 specimens from 18 studies showed that 617, 82, 119 and 1198 subjects were HCV-positive for genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The meta-analyses showed that there is a great deal of heterogeneity in estimated prevalence among the studies. The highest prevalence was found in genotype HCV-4, followed by HCV-1, HCV-3, and HCV-2. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysei emphasizes that HCV genotype 4 is the most prevalent, followed by genotype 1. Further studies on genotype determination and subtype distribution are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhair M Abozaid
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alghamdi AS, Sanai FM, Ismail M, Alghamdi H, Alswat K, Alqutub A, Altraif I, Shah H, Alfaleh FZ. SASLT practice guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2012; 18 Suppl:S1-32. [PMID: 23006491 PMCID: PMC3713589 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abdullah Saeed Alghamdi, Department of Medicine, King Fahad General Hospital, PO BOX 50505 (450), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Faisal M. Sanai
- Hepatobiliary Sciences and Liver Transplantation, King Abdulaziz Medical City, and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs,Liver Disease Research Center, National Plan for Science and Technology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Ismail
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan Alghamdi
- Hepatobiliary Sciences and Liver Transplantation, King Abdulaziz Medical City, and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs
| | - Khalid Alswat
- Liver Disease Research Center, National Plan for Science and Technology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alqutub
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Altraif
- Hepatobiliary Sciences and Liver Transplantation, King Abdulaziz Medical City, and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs
| | - Hemant Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faleh Z. Alfaleh
- Liver Disease Research Center, National Plan for Science and Technology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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