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Prediction of molecular interactions and physicochemical properties relevant for vasopressin V2 receptor antagonism. J Mol Model 2022; 28:31. [PMID: 34997307 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-05022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have developed two ligand- and receptor-based computational approaches to study the physicochemical properties relevant to the biological activity of vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) antagonist and eventually to predict the expected binding mode to V2R. The obtained quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model showed a correlation of the antagonist activity with the hydration energy (EH2O), the polarizability (P), and the calculated partial charge on atom N7 (q6) of the common substructure. The first two descriptors showed a positive contribution to antagonist activity, while the third one had a negative contribution. V2R was modeled and further relaxed on a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (POPC) membrane by molecular dynamics simulations. The receptor antagonist complexes were guessed by molecular docking, and the stability of the most relevant structures was also evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations. As a result, amino acid residues Q96, W99, F105, K116, F178, A194, F307, and M311 were identified with the probably most relevant antagonist-receptor interactions on the studied complexes. The proposed QSAR model could explain the molecular properties relevant to the antagonist activity. The contributions to the antagonist-receptor interaction appeared also in agreement with the binding mode of the complexes obtained by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. These models will be used in further studies to look for new V2R potential antagonist molecules.
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Subedi A, Suresh Kumar VC, Sharma Subedi A, Sapkota B. A Review of Hepatorenal Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e16084. [PMID: 34367745 PMCID: PMC8330394 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most frequent complications in patients with cirrhosis. AKI due to volume depletion is the most common etiology and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the second most common cause of AKI in these patients. HRS is the extreme form of kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis, which is caused due to a reduction in renal blood flow unresponsive to volume expansion. The literature involving HRS is rapidly evolving and newer tests and updated definitions have been proposed which allows timely identification and treatment. Here, we will discuss the definition, pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Subedi
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | | | | | - Bishnu Sapkota
- Gastroenterology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Syracuse, USA
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Gilloteaux J, Bouchat J, Brion JP, Nicaise C. The osmotic demyelination syndrome: the resilience of thalamic neurons is verified with transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 44:450-480. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1853865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym- NARILIS), Department of Medicine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, KB Taylor Global Scholar’s Program at UNN, School of Health and Life Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joanna Bouchat
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym- NARILIS), Department of Medicine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculté de Médecine Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Nicaise
- Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (Urphym- NARILIS), Department of Medicine, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Facciorusso A. Hepatorenal Syndrome Type 1: Current Challenges And Future Prospects. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019; 15:1383-1391. [PMID: 31819465 PMCID: PMC6886557 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s205328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal dysfunction represents a dreadful complication of advanced liver cirrhosis. In addition to the traditional types of acute kidney injury (AKI) that can occur in the general population, cirrhotics might experience a different kind of renal dysfunction, called hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The exact definition of HRS is a functional renal dysfunction caused by overactivity of the endogenous vasoactive systems (in particular intrarenal circulation) which lead to reduced renal perfusion. Type I HRS (HRS-1) is characterized by an abrupt deterioration in renal function (in less than 2 weeks), defined by a doubling of baseline sCr to >2.5 mg/dL or a 50% reduction in the initial 24 hrs creatinine clearance to <20 mL/min. Frequent precipitating events leading to HRS-1 are bacterial infections, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or large-volume paracentesis without adequate albumin administration as well as massive diuretic use. In 2015, the international club of ascites (ICA) revised the definitions and recommendations concerning HRS. The revised definition allows to adopt effective pharmacological therapy based on albumin and vasoconstrictors in an earlier stage thus not influenced anymore by a rigid sCr cut-off value as by the previous definition of HRS-1. The aim of this article was to provide an updated overview of the latest advancements in the field of hepatorenal syndrome and of the recent amendments of the previous definitions of kidney injury in cirrhotic patients.
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Abstract
Decompensated cirrhosis is a common reason for admission to the acute medical unit, and such patients typically have complex medical needs and are at high risk of in-hospital death. It is therefore vital that these patients receive appropriate investigations and management as early as possible in their patient journey. Typical presenting clinical features include jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepato-renal syndrome or variceal haemorrhage. A careful history, examination and investigations can help identify the precipitating cause (infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, high alcohol intake / alcohol-related hepatitis or drug-induced liver injury), so appropriate treatment can be given. A 'care bundle' that has been endorsed by the British Society of Gastroenterology is available to help guide the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis for the first 24 hours and ensure all aspects are addressed. Specific management of complications, such as infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart McPherson
- BFreeman Hospital and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK,Address for correspondence: Dr Stuart McPherson, Liver Unit, Level 6, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
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Abstract
Decompensated cirrhosis is a common reason for admission to the acute medical unit, and such patients typically have complex medical needs and are at high risk of in-hospital death. It is therefore vital that these patients receive appropriate investigations and management as early as possible in their patient journey. Typical presenting clinical features include jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepato-renal syndrome or variceal haemorrhage. A careful history, examination and investigations can help identify the precipitating cause (infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, high alcohol intake / alcohol-related hepatitis or drug-induced liver injury), so appropriate treatment can be given. A 'care bundle' that has been endorsed by the British Society of Gastroenterology is available to help guide the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis for the first 24 hours and ensure all aspects are addressed. Specific management of complications, such as infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart McPherson
- Freeman Hospital and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Jiménez JV, Carrillo-Pérez DL, Rosado-Canto R, García-Juárez I, Torre A, Kershenobich D, Carrillo-Maravilla E. Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Physiopathological Approach. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1855-1871. [PMID: 28501971 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances are frequent in patients with end-stage liver disease; the underlying physiopathological mechanisms are often complex and represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the physician. Usually, these disorders do not develop in compensated cirrhotic patients, but with the onset of the classic complications of cirrhosis such as ascites, renal failure, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and variceal bleeding, multiple electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances emerge. Hyponatremia parallels ascites formation and is a well-known trigger of hepatic encephalopathy; its management in this particular population poses a risky challenge due to the high susceptibility of cirrhotic patients to osmotic demyelination. Hypokalemia is common in the setting of cirrhosis: multiple potassium wasting mechanisms both inherent to the disease and resulting from its management make these patients particularly susceptible to potassium depletion even in the setting of normokalemia. Acid-base disturbances range from classical respiratory alkalosis to high anion gap metabolic acidosis, almost comprising the full acid-base spectrum. Because most electrolyte and acid-base disturbances are managed in terms of their underlying trigger factors, a systematic physiopathological approach to their diagnosis and treatment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Víctor Jiménez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Luis Carrillo-Pérez
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Rosado-Canto
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio García-Juárez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aldo Torre
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Kershenobich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Carrillo-Maravilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Li H, Jin Z, Wu LJ, Bai YL, Gu JX, Jin JJ. Terlipressin plus albumin for treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: A meta-analysis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4805-4812. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i36.4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM to assess the efficacy of terlipressin plus albumin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).
METHODS Cochrane strategy was used to identify randomized controlled trials published before July 2016 by searching PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and LILACS, Medline, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd, China National Knowledge Internet Database, and Wanfang Data.
RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials involving 542 cases were selected for this meta-analysis. The HRS remission rate and the survival rate were increased by terlipressin plus albumin, with OR = 5.25 (95%CI: 2.77-6.52) and 2.33 (95%CI: 1.11-4.88) compared with albumin alone, respectively. Blood creatinine was decreased by the combination treatment, and mean arterial pressure was increased significantly, while there was no difference in urine output. Side effects due to systemic circulation congestion and peripheral vasoconstriction were reported, such as stomach ache and extremity cyanosis. No fatal side effect was reported.
CONCLUSION compared with albumin alone, terlipressin plus albumin is effective in the treatment of HRS, as demonstrated by increased remission rate and survival rate and no occurrence of fatal side effect.
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The clinical management of abdominal ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: a review of current guidelines and recommendations. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 28:e10-8. [PMID: 26671516 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several pathogenic processes have been implicated in the development of abdominal ascites. Portal hypertension, most usually in the context of liver cirrhosis, can explain about 75% of the cases, whereas infective, inflammatory and infiltrative aetiologies can account for the rest. In this article, we discuss the consensus best practice as published by three professional bodies for the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The aim of this study was to compare available clinical guidelines and identify areas of agreement and conflict. We carried out a review of the guidance documentation published by three expert bodies including the British Society of Gastroenterology, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), as well as a wider literature search for ascites, SBP and HRS. Abdominal ultrasonography, diagnostic paracentesis and ascitic fluid cultures are recommended by all three guidelines, especially when there is strong clinical suspicion for infection. EASL and AASLD advocate the use of ascitic amylase and mycobacterial cultures/PCR when there is strong suspicion for tuberculosis and pancreatitis, respectively. Ascitic cytology can be useful when cancer is suspected and has a good diagnostic yield if performed correctly. EASL supports the use of urinary electrolytes for all patients; however, the British Society of Gastroenterology and AASLD only recommend their use for therapy monitoring. All three societies recommend cefotaxime as the antibiotic of choice for SBP and large-volume paracentesis for the management of ascites greater than 5 l in volume. For HRS, cautious diuresis, volume expansion with albumin and the use of vasoactive drugs are recommended. There appears to be good concordance between recommendations by the European, American and British guidelines for the management of ascites and the possible complications arising from it.
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