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Hernández-Sarmiento LJ, Valdés-López JF, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Zika virus infection suppresses CYP24A1 and CAMP expression in human monocytes. Arch Virol 2024; 169:135. [PMID: 38839691 PMCID: PMC11153301 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes are the primary targets of Zika virus (ZIKV) and are associated with ZIKV pathogenesis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for ZIKV infection. It is known that 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VitD3) has strong antiviral activity in dengue virus-infected macrophages, but it is unknown whether VitD3 inhibits ZIKV infection in monocytes. We investigated the relationship between ZIKV infection and the expression of genes of the VitD3 pathway, as well as the inflammatory response of infected monocytes in vitro. ZIKV replication was evaluated using a plaque assay, and VitD3 pathway gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were quantified using ELISA. We found that VitD3 did not suppress ZIKV replication. The results showed a significant decrease in the expression of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1), and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) genes upon ZIKV infection. Treatment with VitD3 was unable to down-modulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, except TNF-α, and chemokines. This suggests that ZIKV infection inhibits the expression of VitD3 pathway genes, thereby preventing VitD3-dependent inhibition of viral replication and the inflammatory response. This is the first study to examine the effects of VitD3 in the context of ZIKV infection, and it has important implications for the role of VitD3 in the control of viral replication and inflammatory responses during monocyte infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Felipe Valdés-López
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz I, Esteban Muñoz-Medina J, Manuel Fragoso J, Esperanza Santacruz-Tinoco C, Sevilla-Montoya R, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Montes-Herrera D, Bravo-Flores E, Angeles-Martínez J. Genetic polymorphisms rs1800871 and rs1800872 of IL-10 gene are associated with dengue infection, especially with serotype 1 and DwoWS in Mexican population. Cytokine 2023; 166:156194. [PMID: 37015157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue infection is generated by a complex interaction between DENV (Dengue Virus) and the host's immune response. Interleukin-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine during DENV infection. The objective of this study was to investigate whether genetic variants in IL-10 could be useful as a predictive and susceptibility marker in the prognosis of DENV infection, particularly with serotype 1, and in participants with dengue without warning signs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study of cases (n = 365) and controls (n = 364) was carried out. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. Sample size power was calculated using Quanto software RESULTS: This is the first report showing the independent association of the T allele of rs1800871 (P = 0.023) and the A allele of rs1800872 (P = 0.010) with the risk of dengue infection. Statistical analysis established the genotypic association of IL-10 SNPs with DENV infection under different inheritance models. Our results also showed the association of the CC, TC, and CA haplotypes (P = 0.0064, P = 0.0032, and P = 0.0010 respectively) with infection. Furthermore, both polymorphic sites were associated with the risk of DwoWS and serotype 1 (Den-1) under different inheritance models. Finally, under the dominant model, we identified a positive correlation between IL-10 levels vs. IFN-γ and IL-8. CONCLUSION Our results show the first independent association of the T and A alleles of the polymorphic sites rs1800871 and rs1800872, with dengue infection, particularly with Den-1, and in participants with DwoWs.
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Importance of NFκβ, IL-10 serum levels and DC-SIGN polymorphic haplotypes in determining dengue disease severity among eastern Indian patients. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105870. [PMID: 36356794 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dengue viral (DENV) infection is most prevalent arboviral infection in India resulting in wide-range of symptomatic manifestation from simple (DF) to severe dengue (SD). DENV is internalized by dendritic cell receptor, DC-SIGN, which in turn activates inflammatory cytokines: NFκβ, IL-10 as adaptive immune response. Present study focused on role of DC-SIGN polymorphisms and these cytokines in SD development among eastern Indian patients. METHOD DC-SIGN polymorphisms (rs735239, rs4804803, rs2287886) and NFκβ, IL-10 concentrations were analysed among 179 dengue patients and 123 healthy individuals by PCR-RFLP and sandwich ELISA, respectively. DENV copies/ml and serotype in patient-sera were measured by quantitative and qualitative real time PCR, respectively. Statistical and haplotype analysis were performed by GraphPad-Prism and SNPStat, respectively. RESULT Prevalence of DENV serotypes among infected patients: DENV2>DENV4>DENV3>DENV1; those with DENV3 infection reported significantly increased IL-10 level. NFκβ and IL-10 concentrations were significantly elevated among SD patients. ROC curve analysis predicted cut-off values of NFκβ>13.46 ng/ml and IL-10 > 490.5 pg/ml to detect SD among infected patients with a good sensitivity and specificity. Patients with rs735239-GG, rs2287886-GG genotypes and GGG, GAG haplotypes were significantly associated with SD development, whereas, those with rs4804803-AG exhibited high DENVcopies/ml. Patients with these haplotypes also demonstrated increased NFκβ and IL-10. CONCLUSION This study emphasised importance of DC-SIGN GGG and GAG haplotypes, NFκβ and IL-10 concentrations in WHO-defined severe dengue development among infected patients.
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Role of Th17 Cytokines in the Liver’s Immune Response during Fatal Yellow Fever: Triggering Cell Damage Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132053. [PMID: 35805137 PMCID: PMC9265354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious and acute viral haemorrhagic disease that triggers a cascade of host immune responses. We investigated the Th17 cytokine profile in the liver tissue of patients with fatal YF. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 deceased patients, including 21 YF-positive and 5 flavivirus-negative patients, with preserved hepatic parenchyma architecture, who died of other causes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on the liver samples to evaluate the Th17 profiles (ROR-γ, STAT3, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-17A, and IL-23). Substantial differences were found in the expression levels of these markers between the patients with fatal YF and controls. A predominant expression of Th17 cytokine markers was observed in the midzonal region of the YF cases, the most affected area in the liver acinus, compared with the controls. Histopathological changes in the hepatic parenchyma revealed cellular damage characterised mainly by the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates, Councilman bodies (apoptotic cells), micro/macrovesicular steatosis, and lytic and coagulative necrosis. Hence, Th17 cytokines play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of YF and contribute markedly to triggering cell damage in patients with fatal disease outcomes.
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Acute-phase Serum Cytokine Levels and Correlation with Clinical Outcomes in Children and Adults with Primary and Secondary Dengue Virus Infection in Myanmar between 2017 and 2019. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050558. [PMID: 35631079 PMCID: PMC9144711 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) has been endemic in Myanmar since 1970, causing outbreaks every 2–3 years. DENV infection symptoms range from mild fever to lethal hemorrhage. Clinical biomarkers must be identified to facilitate patient risk stratification in the early stages of infection. We analyzed 45 cytokines and other factors in serum samples from the acute phase of DENV infection (within 3–5 days of symptom onset) from 167 patients in Yangon, Myanmar, between 2017 and 2019. All of the patients tested positive for serum DENV nonstructural protein 1 antigen (NS1 Ag); 78.4% and 62.9% were positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG), respectively; and 18.0%, 19.8%, and 11.9% tested positive for serotypes 1, 3, and 4, respectively. Although the DENV-4 viral load was significantly higher than those of DENV-1 or DENV-3, disease severity was not associated with viral load or serotype. Significant correlations were identified between disease severity and CCL5, SCF, PDGF-BB, IL-10, and TNF-α levels; between NS1 Ag and SCF, CCL5, IFN-α, IL-1α, and IL-22 levels; between thrombocytopenia and IL-2, TNF-α, VEGF-D, and IL-6 levels; and between primary or secondary infection and IL-2, IL-6, IL-31, IL-12p70, and MIP-1β levels. These circulating factors may represent leading signatures in acute DENV infections, reflecting the clinical outcomes in the dengue endemic region, Myanmar.
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Chen M, Fan Z, Hu B, Song Y, Wei H, Qiu R, Zhu W, Xu W, Wang F. Pathogenicity of the newly emerged Lagovirus europaeus GI.2 strain in China in experimentally infected rabbits. Vet Microbiol 2021; 265:109311. [PMID: 34965497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In April 2020, rabbit hemorrhagic virus type 2 (Lagovirus europaeus GI.2), which causes highly infectious fatal rabbit hemorrhagic disease, was emerged in China. The phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome sequence of GI.2 showed that it belonged to the non-recombinant GI.3/GI.2 genotype. However, the pathogenicity of this GI.2 strain differed from that of early typical GI.2 strains in Europe. To prevent the spread of the new strain in China, its pathogenicity urgently needs to be studied. Thus, viral shedding and distribution as well as clinical symptoms, histopathological changes, and serum cytokines were studied in experimentally GI.2/SC2020-infected rabbit adults and kits. The kit group showed a shorter survival time after the challenge than the adult group did. The mortality rate was higher in the kits (80 %) than in the adults (30 %). Viral RNA could be detected in both nasal and fecal swabs, and the main dissemination route appeared to be the fecal route. Viral RNA rapidly increased in the blood of the adults and kits at 6 h post-infection, indicating that blood viral load testing can be used for early diagnosis. The most affected organs were the liver and spleen, and the lesions were more severe in the kits than in the adults. The liver contained the highest viral RNA levels. Moreover, serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were increased in the infected rabbits. In conclusion, our findings will help to understand the evolutionary trends and pathogenic characteristics of GI.2 strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Song
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Houjun Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Rulong Qiu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhong Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.
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Gowri Sankar S, Mowna Sundari T, Alwin Prem Anand A. Emergence of Dengue 4 as Dominant Serotype During 2017 Outbreak in South India and Associated Cytokine Expression Profile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:681937. [PMID: 34447698 PMCID: PMC8382982 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.681937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, which is fatal if untreated symptomatically. Emergence of new genotype within serotypes led to enhanced severity. The objective of the study is to identify the molecular characteristics of the DENV circulated during 2017 outbreak in Tamil Nadu, India, and to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines in different “serotypes” and in “dengue severity”. A total of 135 suspected samples were tested for DENV infection using IgM, IgG, and qPCR assay; where 76 samples were positive for DENV and analyzed for 12 inflammatory cytokines using ELISA. Serotyping shows 14 DENV-1, 22 DENV-2, 7 DENV-3, and 33 DENV-4, where DENV-4 was predominant. Among 76, 42 isolates were successfully sequenced for C-prM region and grouped. A lineage shift was observed in DENV-4 genotype. Irrespective of serotypes, IFNγ was significantly elevated in all serotypes than control as well as in primary infection than secondary, indicating its role in immune response. GM-CSF and IP-10 were significantly elevated in secondary infection and could be used as prognostic biomarkers for secondary infection. Our observation shows differential cytokine expression profile varied with each serotype, indicating serotype/genotype-specific viral proteins might play a major role in dengue severity. DENV-4 as dominant serotype was reported in Tamil Nadu for the first time during an outbreak with a mixed Th1/Th17 cytokine expression profile that correlated with disease severity. We conclude it is essential to identify circulating viral genotype and their fitness by mutational analysis to correlate with disease severity and immune status, as this correlation will be helpful in diagnostics and therapeutics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowri Sankar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Vector Control Research Center - Field Station, Madurai, India
| | - T Mowna Sundari
- Department of Biotechnology - Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facilities (DBT-BIF) Centre (Under DBT Biotechnology Information System Network (BTISNet) Scheme), Lady Doak College, Madurai, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Madurai, India
| | - A Alwin Prem Anand
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Queiroz JL, Maciel MSC, Teles LDS, Vieira SMA, Gomes TN, Fernandes HF, de Oliveira JS, Ferreira GP, Pereira ACTDC. Prevalence and Influence of the -174 G/C Polymorphism in the Interleukin-6 Gene in Arboviruses Infections. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:559-566. [PMID: 34415813 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus are arboviruses that affect thousands of people worldwide annually. The mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis still need to be better understood. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune genes may be involved in the protection, susceptibility, and/or progression of these diseases. This study was performed to investigate the SNP -174 G/C in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene in patients with dengue or chikungunya from Northeastern Brazil. A total of 581 blood samples were analyzed, of which 244 were part of the negative control group, genomic DNA was extracted, and the SNP was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data obtained were used to conduct statistical analyses of the genotype and allele frequencies. We suggest that the G/C genotype and C allele of the SNP -174 G/C in the IL-6 gene are related to protection against dengue in the studied population. No significant differences were observed in chikungunya patients. This is the first study that assessed the association of the SNP -174 G/C in patients with chikungunya. We identified the presence of the C allele as a protective factor against dengue in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Lima Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, and Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Mariella Sousa Coelho Maciel
- Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Graduação em Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Lorena da Silva Teles
- Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Graduação em Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Silveny Meiga Alves Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, and Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Nobre Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, and Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | | | - Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, and Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Portela Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, and Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Toledo da Cunha Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, and Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
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Frota LAA, Santos NC, Ferreira GP, da Silva FRP, Pereira ACTDC. What is the association between the IL6-174 G > C (rs1800795) polymorphism and the risk of dengue? Evidence from a meta-analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 91:104778. [PMID: 33662586 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The association of polymorphisms in genes responsible for immunological mediators with dengue allows the identification of certain genetic alterations that increase or decrease the development risk of the disease. A few number of studies that correlate the interleukin 6-174 G > C (IL6-174 G > C) polymorphism (rs1800795) with dengue. However, there is an inconsistency on the polymorphism influence on the disease which motivated this meta-analysis. So, this study aimed to evaluate the rs1800795 polymorphism with protection or susceptibility for development of dengue. A search of the literature was performed for studies published before 05 September 2020 in various databases. Calculations of Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI) and heterogeneity (I2) were assessed and publication bias was done by Begg' and Egger's test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered as significant. As results, five case-control studies were identified and included in the results. The analysis showed that the heterozygous genotype has a protective role against dengue without warning signs (DWOS) (OR = 0.57, p = 0.001), as well as the polymorphic C allele (OR = 0.77, p = 0.04). When unifying the data from the included studies, the GG genotype was more prevalent among individuals with dengue with warning signs (DWWS) when compared to the control group (p = 0.0221). GC genotype was more prevalent in the control group than in the DWWS group (p = 0.0119). Therefore, in our study we observed that the GC genotype and the C allele have a protective role against DWOS. Since this polymorphism is associated with low IL-6 expression, thus it is expected that there will be a decreased pro-inflammatory response. However, more studies regarding this thematic are necessary to have a consensus about this polymorphism and dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lineker Alberto Araújo Frota
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Naiany Carvalho Santos
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos - BIOMIC, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro Reis Velloso, CEP 64202-020, Parnaíba - PI, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Portela Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos - BIOMIC, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro Reis Velloso, CEP 64202-020, Parnaíba - PI, Brasil
| | | | - Anna Carolina Toledo da Cunha Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos - BIOMIC, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro Reis Velloso, CEP 64202-020, Parnaíba - PI, Brasil.
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Imad HA, Phumratanaprapin W, Phonrat B, Chotivanich K, Charunwatthana P, Muangnoicharoen S, Khusmith S, Tantawichien T, Phadungsombat J, Nakayama E, Konishi E, Shioda T. Cytokine Expression in Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients with Bleeding and Severe Hepatitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:943-950. [PMID: 32124729 PMCID: PMC7204576 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne flaviviral infection in the world today. Several factors contribute and act synergistically to cause severe infection. One of these is dysregulated host immunological mediators that cause transient pathophysiology during infection. These mediators act on the endothelium to increase vascular permeability, which leads to plasma leakage compromising hemodynamics and coagulopathy. We conducted a prospective study to explore the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and how they relate to clinical dengue manifestations, by assessing their dynamics through acute dengue infection in adults admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand. We performed cytokine analysis at three phases of infection for 96 hospitalized adults together with serotyping of confirmed dengue infection during the outbreaks of 2015 and 2016. The serum concentrations of seven cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma) were measured in duplicate using a commercial kit (Bio-Plex Human Cytokine Assay). In this study, the cytokine profile was suggestive of a T-helper 2 response. Most patients had secondary infection, and the levels of viremia were higher in patients with plasma leakage than those without plasma leakage. In addition, we observed that bleeding and hepatitis were associated with significantly higher levels of IL-8 during the early phases of infection. Furthermore, IL-6 levels in the early phase of infection were also elevated in bleeding patients with plasma leakage. These results suggest that IL-6 and IL-8 may act in synergy to cause bleeding in patients with plasma leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Ahmed Imad
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Phumratanaprapin
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjaluck Phonrat
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakaykaew Charunwatthana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srisin Khusmith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Terapong Tantawichien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Phadungsombat
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emi Nakayama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eiji Konishi
- BIKEN Endowed Department of Dengue Vaccine Development, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gallagher P, Chan KR, Rivino L, Yacoub S. The association of obesity and severe dengue: possible pathophysiological mechanisms. J Infect 2020; 81:10-16. [PMID: 32413364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a medically important flavivirus and the aetiological agent of Dengue, a normally self-resolving febrile illness that, in some individuals, can progress into Severe Dengue (SD), a life-threatening disorder that manifests as organ impairment, bleeding and shock. Many different risk factors have been associated with the development of SD, one of which is obesity. In many countries where DENV is endemic, obesity is becoming more prevalent, therefore SD is becoming an increased public health concern. However, there is a paucity of research on the mechanistic links between obesity and SD. This is a narrative review based on original research and reviews sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. Four key areas could possibly explain how obesity can promote viral pathogenesis. Firstly, obesity downregulates AMP-Protein Kinase (AMPK), which leads to an accumulation of lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that facilitates viral replication. Secondly, the long-term production of pro-inflammatory adipokines found in obese individuals can cause endothelial and platelet dysfunction and can facilitate SD. Thirdly, obesity could also cause endothelial dysfunction in addition to chronic inflammation, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and possible damage to the glycocalyx found in the endothelium. Finally, obesity has several effects on immunomodulation that reduces NK cell function, B and T cell response and increased pre-disposition to stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine responses after viral infection. Together, these effects can lead to greater viral proliferation and greater tissue damage both of which could contribute to SD. The four mechanisms outlined in this review can be taken as reference starting points for investigating the link between obesity and SD, and to discover potential therapeutic strategies that can potentially reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gallagher
- University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Laura Rivino
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, UK.
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Gonçalves Pereira MH, Figueiredo MM, Queiroz CP, Magalhães TVB, Mafra A, Diniz LMO, da Costa ÚL, Gollob KJ, Antonelli LRDV, Santiago HDC. T-cells producing multiple combinations of IFNγ, TNF and IL10 are associated with mild forms of dengue infection. Immunology 2020; 160:90-102. [PMID: 32128816 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional interleukin 10 (IL10)+ Th1 cells have been implicated in favorable evolution of many infectious diseases, promoting an efficacious immune response while limiting immunopathology. Here, we investigated the presence of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells that expressed interferon gamma (IFNγ), IL10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or its combinations during dengue infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from outpatients with dengue (mild dengue forms) and hospitalized patients (or patients with dengue with warning signs and severe dengue) were cultured in the presence of envelope (ENV) or NS3 peptide libraries of DENV during critical (hospitalization period) and convalescence phases. The production of IFNγ, IL10 and TNF by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Our data show that patients with mild dengue, when compared with patients with dengue with warning signs and severe dengue, presented higher frequencies of multifunctional T-cells like NS3-specific IFNγ/IL10-producing CD4+ T-cells in critical phase and NS3- and ENV-specific CD8+ T-cells producing IFNγ/IL10. In addition, NS3-specific CD8+ T-cells producing high levels of IFNγ/TNF and IFNγ/TNF/IL10 were also observed in the mild dengue group. We observed that multifunctional T-cells produced higher levels of cytokines as measured by intracellular content when compared with single producer T-cells. Importantly, multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells producing IFNγ, TNF and IL10 simultaneously displayed positive correlation with platelet levels, suggesting a protective role of this population. The presence of IL10+ Th1 and IL10+ Tc1 multifunctional cells was associated with mild dengue presentation, suggesting that these cells play a role in clinical evolution of dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camila Pereira Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Mafra
- Hospital Metropolitano Odilon Behrens, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kenneth J Gollob
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Câncer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helton da Costa Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kuczera D, Assolini JP, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Pavanelli WR, Silveira GF. Highlights for Dengue Immunopathogenesis: Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, Cytokine Storm, and Beyond. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:69-80. [PMID: 29443656 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) can lead to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to death. It is estimated that the disease manifests only in 90 million cases out of the total 390 million yearly infections. Even though research has not yet elucidated which are the precise pathophysiological mechanisms that trigger severe forms of dengue, the infection elicits a critical immune response significant for dengue pathogenesis development. Understanding how the immune response to DENV is established and how it can resolve the infection or turn into an immunopathology is of great importance in DENV research. Currently, studies have extensively debated 2 hypotheses involving immune response: antibody-dependent enhancement and cytokine storm. However, despite its undeniable importance in severe forms of the disease, these 2 hypotheses are based on a primed immune status resulting from previous heterologous infection, abstaining them from explaining the severe forms of dengue in naive immune subjects, for example. Thus, it seems that a more intricate arrangement of causes and conditions must be achieved to severe dengue to occur. Among them, the cytokine network signature elicited, in association with viral aspects deserves special attention regarding the establishment of infection and evolution to pathogenesis. In this work, we intend to shed light on how those elements contribute to severe dengue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Kuczera
- 1 Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas , ICC/Fiocruz/PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Assolini
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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The Temporal Role of Cytokines in Flavivirus Protection and Pathogenesis. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-018-0106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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ZIKV Infection Induces an Inflammatory Response but Fails to Activate Types I, II, and III IFN Response in Human PBMC. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2450540. [PMID: 29967565 PMCID: PMC6008743 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2450540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent epidemic in the Americas caused by Zika virus (ZIKV), Asian lineage, spurred the research towards a better understanding of how ZIKV infection affects the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Asian and East African ZIKV strain infection on the induction of IFN and proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines in human PBMC. We reported a slight modulation of type II IFN in PBMC exposed to Asian strain, but not to African strain, and a complete lack of type I and III IFN induction by both strains, suggesting the ability of ZIKV to evade the IFN system not only inhibiting the antiviral IFN response but also IFN production. Moreover, we highlighted a polyfunctional immune activation only in PBMC exposed to Asian strain, due to the induction of an inflammatory profile (IL-6, IL-8) and of a Th9 (IL-9) response. Overall, our data show a different ability of the ZIKV Asian strain, with respect to the African strain, to activate host immune response that may have pathogenetic implications for virus spread in vivo, including mother-to-child transmission and induction of severe fetal complications, as birth defects and neurological disorders.
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Ng D, Ghosh A, Jit M, Seneviratne SL. Mini-review: Can non-human leucocyte antigen genes determine susceptibility to severe dengue syndromes? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:384-392. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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High-dose of vitamin D supplement is associated with reduced susceptibility of monocyte-derived macrophages to dengue virus infection and pro-inflammatory cytokine production: An exploratory study. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 478:140-151. [PMID: 29289621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue, one the most important public health problems in tropical and subtropical areas, is the most important mosquito-borne viral infection in humans. In the absence of effective treatment and vaccine against dengue, the active form of vitamin D could play a central role in protection against dengue virus (DENV), the causal agent of dengue. Recently we reported that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) differentiated in the presence of vitamin D, in addition to expressing lower levels of mannose receptor, are less susceptible to DENV infection and produce low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared to MDMs differentiated in the absence of vitamin D. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine that oral vitamin D supplementation exerts an effect on DENV susceptibility and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in MDMs. METHODS Healthy individuals were supplemented with 1000 or 4000 international units (IU)/day of vitamin D during 10days. Before and after vitamin D supplementation, a peripheral blood (PB) sample was taken and the monocytes recovered were used to obtain MDMs and were challenged with DENV-2. Furthermore, the expression of genes encoding vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP24A1 and CAMP were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS The data indicate that macrophages differentiated from monocytes obtained from healthy donors who received higher doses of vitamin D (4000IU/day), exhibited higher resistance to DENV-2 infection and produced a significant decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and high production of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Furthermore, a significant decrease in intracellular toll-like receptor (TLR) and CAMP mRNA was observed. CONCLUSION A supplement of 4000IU/day of vitamin D may represent an adequate dose to control dengue progression and DENV replication. Although the results of our study suggest that the vitamin D status can influence the immune response, further studies are needed to determine the feasibility of vitamin D as anti-DENV agent and immune modulator.
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Abstract
The vaccine against Dengue virus (DENV), Dengvaxia® (CYD), produced by Sanofi-Pasteur, has been registered by several national regulatory agencies; nevertheless, the performance and security of this vaccine have been challenged in a series of recent papers. In this work, we intend to contribute to the debate by analyzing the concept of an enhancing vaccine, presenting objections to the epidemiological model base of the concept and, likewise, presenting data that contradict that concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Ramos-Castañeda
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas-Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Póvoa TF, Oliveira ERA, Basílio-de-Oliveira CA, Nuovo GJ, Chagas VLA, Salomão NG, Mota EM, Paes MV. Peripheral Organs of Dengue Fatal Cases Present Strong Pro-Inflammatory Response with Participation of IFN-Gamma-, TNF-Alpha- and RANTES-Producing Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168973. [PMID: 28006034 PMCID: PMC5179082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue disease is an acute viral illness caused by dengue virus (DENV) that can progress to hemorrhagic stages leading to about 20000 deaths every year worldwide. Despite many clinical investigations regarding dengue, the immunopathogenic process by which infected patients evolve to the severe forms is not fully understood. Apart from differences in virulence and the antibody cross reactivity that can potentially augment virus replication, imbalanced cellular immunity is also seen as a major concern in the establishment of severe dengue. In this context, the investigation of cellular immunity and its products in dengue fatal cases may provide valuable data to help revealing dengue immunopathogenesis. Here, based in four dengue fatal cases infected by the serotype 3 in Brazil, different peripheral organs (livers, lungs and kidneys) were studied to evaluate the presence of cell infiltrates and the patterns of local cytokine response. The overall scenario of the studied cases revealed a considerable systemic involvement of infection with mononuclear cells targeted to all of the evaluated organs, as measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Quantification of cytokine-expressing cells in peripheral tissues was also performed to characterize the ongoing inflammatory process by the severe stage of the disease. Increased levels of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-expressing cells in liver, lung and kidney samples of post-mortem subjects evidenced a strong pro-inflammatory induction in these tissues. The presence of increased RANTES-producing cell numbers in all analyzed organs suggested a possible link between the clinical status and altered vascular permeability. Co-staining of DENV RNA and IFN-γ or TNF-α using in situ hibridization and IHC confirmed the virus-specific trigger of the pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, this work provided additional evidences that corroborated with the traditional theories regarding the “cytokine storm” and the occurrence of uneven cellular immunity in response to DENV as major reasons for progress to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F. Póvoa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Viral Infections, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edson R. A. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gerard J. Nuovo
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Phylogeny Inc, Powell, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vera L. A. Chagas
- Pathological Anatomy, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália G. Salomão
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ester M. Mota
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marciano V. Paes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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