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Hinwan Y, Chareonsudjai P, Reungsang P, Kraiklang R, Chetchotisakd P, Chareonsudjai S, Sirichoat A, Nithichanon A, Wonglakorn L, Sermswan RW, Blair D, Faksri K. Analysis of fine-scale phylogeny of Burkholderia pseudomallei in relation to regional geography and drug susceptibility in Thailand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19961. [PMID: 39198570 PMCID: PMC11358268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) is a public health threat. Genomic-epidemiology research on this deadly disease is scarce. We investigated whole-genome sequences of Bp isolates in relation to environmental source and drug susceptibility. In total, 563 Bp isolates were collected from 11 Northeast Thai provinces during the period 2004-2021. Patients (n = 530 isolates), infected animals (n = 8), and environmental sources (n = 25) provided samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic diversity among the Bp isolates, including numerous well-supported clusters of varying sizes. Through in-depth analysis of 38 monophyletic clades (MCs), we found eleven associated with province of origin (p-value < 0.001). Closely related clusters (CRCs) within MCs resembled MLST-identified "sequence types" (STs). We found 102 known and 52 novel STs. ST-70 was the most prevalent in this area (n = 78; 13.85%). Sample type (human/environmental) and sampling time intervals were not correlated with genetic distance among clonal Bp isolates. Some members of 12 CRCs had acquired resistance to co-trimoxazole and one against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Within Northeast Thailand, there is an association between Bp genotype and geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yothin Hinwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pisit Chareonsudjai
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pipat Reungsang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ratthaphol Kraiklang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health, Nutrition for Health Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ploenchan Chetchotisakd
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sorujsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Auttawit Sirichoat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arnone Nithichanon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Lumyai Wonglakorn
- Clinical Laboratory Section, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rasana W Sermswan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Gassiep I, Chatfield MD, Permana B, Burnard D, Bauer MJ, Cuddihy T, Forde BM, Mayer-Coverdale J, Norton RE, Harris PNA. The Genomic Epidemiology of Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates in North Queensland, Australia. Pathogens 2024; 13:584. [PMID: 39057811 PMCID: PMC11279585 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is highly genetically recombinant, resulting in significant genomic diversity. Multiple virulence factors have been associated with specific disease presentations. To date, there are limited data relating to genomic diversity and virulence factors associated with melioidosis cases in North Queensland, Australia. Aim: To describe the genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei and identify virulence factors associated with clinical risk factors and patient outcomes. Methods: Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates was performed and analysed with clinical data obtained from a retrospective melioidosis cohort study. Results: Fifty-nine distinct sequence types (STs) were identified from the 128 clinical isolates. Six STs comprised 64/128 (50%) isolates. Novel STs accounted for 38/59 (64%) STs, with ST TSV-13 as the most prevalent (n = 7), and were less likely to possess an LPS A genotype or YLF gene cluster (p < 0.001). These isolates were most likely to be found outside the inner city (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.7-9.0, p = 0.001). ST TSV-13 was associated with increased mortality (aOR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.2-30.9, p = 0.03). Patients with a history of alcohol excess were less likely to be infected by fhaB3 (aOR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.7, p = 0.01) or YLF (aOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, p = 0.04) positive isolates. Conclusions: There are a significant number of novel sequence types in Townsville, Australia. An emerging novel ST appears to have an association with geographic location and mortality. Ongoing investigation is required to further understand the impact of this ST on the Townsville region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Gassiep
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Mark D. Chatfield
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
| | - Budi Permana
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
| | - Delaney Burnard
- Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Michelle J. Bauer
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
| | - Thom Cuddihy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Brian M. Forde
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Johanna Mayer-Coverdale
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Royal Brisbane and Woman’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Robert E. Norton
- Pathology Queensland, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Patrick N. A. Harris
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.D.C.); (B.P.); (M.J.B.); (B.M.F.); (J.M.-C.); (P.N.A.H.)
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Laklaeng SN, Phu DH, Songsri J, Wisessombat S, Mala W, Senghoi W, Phothaworn P, Nuinoon M, Wongtawan T, Klangbud WK. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and relationships among Burkholderia pseudomallei sequence types isolated from humans, animals, and the environment. Vet World 2024; 17:26-36. [PMID: 38406370 PMCID: PMC10884566 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.26-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly pathogenic bacterium responsible for melioidosis, exhibits ecological ubiquity and thrives within soil and water reservoirs, posing significant infection risks to humans and animals through direct contact. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic diversity and prevalence patterns of B. pseudomallei sequence types (STs) across a global spectrum and to understand the relationships between strains isolated from different sources. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in this study. Extensive research was carried out across three comprehensive databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with data collected from 1924 to 2023. Results A total of 40 carefully selected articles contributed 2737 B. pseudomallei isolates attributed to 729 distinct STs and were incorporated into the systematic review. Among these, ST46 emerged as the most prominent, featuring in 35% of the articles and demonstrating a dominant prevalence, particularly within Southeast Asia. Moreover, ST51 consistently appeared across human, animal, and environmental studies. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis, focusing on nine specific STs: ST46, ST51, ST54, ST70, ST84, ST109, ST289, ST325, and ST376. Surprisingly, no statistically significant differences in their pooled prevalence proportions were observed across these compartments for ST46, ST70, ST289, ST325, and ST376 (all p > 0.69). Conversely, the remaining STs, including ST51, ST54, ST84, and ST109, displayed notable variations in their prevalence among the three domains (all p < 0.04). Notably, the pooled prevalence of ST51 in animals and environmental samples surpassed that found in human isolates (p < 0.01). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the intricate relationships between STs and their sources and contributes significantly to our understanding of B. pseudomallei diversity within the One Health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-ngob Laklaeng
- College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Doan Hoang Phu
- College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Jirarat Songsri
- Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Sueptrakool Wisessombat
- Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Wanida Mala
- Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Senghoi
- Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Preeda Phothaworn
- Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Manit Nuinoon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
- Center of Excellence in Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Meumann EM, Krause VL, Baird R, Currie BJ. Using Genomics to Understand the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the Northern Territory of Australia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7080181. [PMID: 36006273 PMCID: PMC9413455 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7080181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Northern Territory (NT) is a geographically remote region of northern and central Australia. Approximately a third of the population are First Nations Australians, many of whom live in remote regions. Due to the physical environment and climate, and scale of social inequity, the rates of many infectious diseases are the highest nationally. Molecular typing and genomic sequencing in research and public health have provided considerable new knowledge on the epidemiology of infectious diseases in the NT. We review the applications of genomic sequencing technology for molecular typing, identification of transmission clusters, phylogenomics, antimicrobial resistance prediction, and pathogen detection. We provide examples where these methodologies have been applied to infectious diseases in the NT and discuss the next steps in public health implementation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella M. Meumann
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin 0810, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin 0810, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vicki L. Krause
- Northern Territory Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Government, Darwin 0810, Australia
| | - Robert Baird
- Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin 0810, Australia
| | - Bart J. Currie
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin 0810, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin 0810, Australia
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Meumann EM, Kaestli M, Mayo M, Ward L, Rachlin A, Webb JR, Kleinecke M, Price EP, Currie BJ. Emergence of Burkholderia pseudomallei Sequence Type 562, Northern Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1057-1067. [PMID: 33754984 PMCID: PMC8007296 DOI: 10.3201/eid2704.202716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, the range of Burkholderia pseudomallei sequence type 562 (ST562) has expanded in northern Australia. During 2005–2019, ST562 caused melioidosis in 61 humans and 3 animals. Cases initially occurred in suburbs surrounding a creek before spreading across urban Darwin, Australia and a nearby island community. In urban Darwin, ST562 caused 12% (53/440) of melioidosis cases, a proportion that increased during the study period. We analyzed 2 clusters of cases with epidemiologic links and used genomic analysis to identify previously unassociated cases. We found that ST562 isolates from Hainan Province, China, and Pingtung County, Taiwan, were distantly related to ST562 strains from Australia. Temporal genomic analysis suggested a single ST562 introduction into the Darwin region in ≈1988. The origin and transmission mode of ST562 into Australia remain uncertain.
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Abstract
B. pseudomallei causes significant morbidity and mortality, but its geographic prevalence and genetic diversity are not well characterized, especially in the Western Hemisphere. A better understanding of the genetic relationships among clinical and environmental isolates will improve knowledge of the population structure of this bacterium as well as the ability to conduct epidemiological investigations of cases of melioidosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the sapronotic disease melioidosis. An outbreak in 2003 in the state of Ceara, Brazil, resulted in subsequent surveillance and environmental sampling which led to the recognition of B. pseudomallei as an endemic pathogen in that area. From 2003 to 2015, 24 clinical and 12 environmental isolates were collected across Ceara along with one from the state of Alagoas. Using next-generation sequencing, multilocus sequence typing, and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, we characterized the genomic diversity of this collection to better understand the population structure of B. pseudomallei associated with Ceara. We found that the isolates in this collection form a distinct subclade compared to other examples from the Western Hemisphere. Substantial genetic diversity among the clinical and environmental isolates was observed, with 14 sequence types (STs) identified among the 37 isolates. Of the 31,594 core single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified, a high proportion (59%) were due to recombination. Because recombination events do not follow a molecular clock, the observation of high occurrence underscores the importance of identifying and removing recombination SNPs prior to evolutionary reconstructions and inferences in public health responses to B. pseudomallei outbreaks. Our results suggest long-term B. pseudomallei prevalence in this recently recognized region of melioidosis endemicity. IMPORTANCEB. pseudomallei causes significant morbidity and mortality, but its geographic prevalence and genetic diversity are not well characterized, especially in the Western Hemisphere. A better understanding of the genetic relationships among clinical and environmental isolates will improve knowledge of the population structure of this bacterium as well as the ability to conduct epidemiological investigations of cases of melioidosis.
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Using Land Runoff to Survey the Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Vientiane, Laos. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02112-20. [PMID: 33257313 PMCID: PMC7851688 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02112-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a disease of significant public health importance that is being increasingly recognized globally. The majority of cases arise through direct percutaneous exposure to its etiological agent, Burkholderia pseudomallei In the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos), the presence and environmental distribution of B. pseudomallei are not well characterized, though recent epidemiological surveys of the bacterium have indicated that B. pseudomallei is widespread throughout the environment in the center and south of the country and that rivers can act as carriers and potential sentinels for the bacterium. The spatial and genetic distribution of B. pseudomallei within Vientiane Capital, from where the majority of cases diagnosed to date have originated, remains an important knowledge gap. We sampled surface runoff from drain catchment areas throughout urban Vientiane to determine the presence and local population structure of the bacterium. B. pseudomallei was detected in drainage areas throughout the capital, indicating it is widespread in the environment and that exposure rates in urban Vientiane are likely more frequent than previously thought. Whole-genome comparative analysis demonstrated that Lao B. pseudomallei isolates are highly genetically diverse, suggesting the bacterium is well-established and not a recent introduction. Despite the wide genome diversity, one environmental survey isolate was highly genetically related to a Lao melioidosis patient isolate collected 13 years prior to the study. Knowledge gained from this study will augment understanding of B. pseudomallei phylogeography in Asia and enhance public health awareness and future implementation of infection control measures within Laos.IMPORTANCE The environmental bacterium B. pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a tropical disease with one model estimating a global annual incidence of 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos), the environmental distribution and population structure of B. pseudomallei remain relatively undefined, particularly in Vientiane Capital from where most diagnosed cases have originated. We used surface runoff as a proxy for B. pseudomallei dispersal in the environment and performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to examine the local population structure. Our data confirmed that B. pseudomallei is widespread throughout Vientiane and that surface runoff might be useful for future environmental monitoring of the bacterium. B. pseudomallei isolates were also highly genetically diverse, suggesting the bacterium is well-established and endemic in Laos. These findings can be used to improve awareness of B. pseudomallei in the Lao environment and demonstrates the epidemiological and phylogeographical insights that can be gained from WGS.
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A Persisting Nontropical Focus of Burkholderia pseudomallei with Limited Genome Evolution over Five Decades. mSystems 2020; 5:5/6/e00726-20. [PMID: 33172968 PMCID: PMC7657595 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00726-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is predominantly a tropical pathogen uncommonly found in the environment of temperate climatic regions. It is unclear if introduction into temperate regions is sporadic and temporary or if B. pseudomallei can persist in such environments. B. pseudomallei was identified in the environment of southwest Western Australia with melioidosis cases between 1966 and 1991. We report a new cluster with 23 animal fatalities in the same region from 2017, with B. pseudomallei again being recovered from the environment. Comparison of the isolates from the first and second clusters using genomics revealed a single sequence type, high clonality, and limited recombination, even though the time of recovery of the isolates spanned 51 years. This is a major contrast to the extensive genomic diversity seen in the tropics. Our data support the suggestion that B. pseudomallei has the ability to persist in nontropical environments, potentially in a latent state, and has the ability to activate following favorable conditions (rainfall) and then infect animals and humans. Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of the high-mortality disease melioidosis. Although melioidosis is classified as a tropical disease, rare autochthonous cases have been reported from temperate climatic regions, with uncertainty as to whether B. pseudomallei is persistent in the local environment and whether specific genetic mechanisms facilitate the survival of B. pseudomallei outside the tropics. Sporadic cases of melioidosis occurred in a valley region (latitude 31.6°S) in southwest Western Australia, Australia, between 1966 and 1992. We report a new melioidosis cluster in the same region following high rainfall in January 2017. More than 20 animals died, and B. pseudomallei was isolated from four alpacas, a parrot, and three environmental samples taken from the farm where the alpacas resided. Epidemiological data and genomics revealed that two locations on the farm were the probable sources of the alpaca infections. We determined that B. pseudomallei isolates from the 2017 cluster belonged to sequence type 284 (ST-284), as did all isolates recovered from 1966 to 1992. Genomic analysis confirmed that the ST-284 isolates were clonal and contained conserved genomic islands and limited evidence of recombination. We identified protein-coding regions unique to these isolates that might influence the persistence of B. pseudomallei in this temperate region. We demonstrate the environmental persistence of B. pseudomallei in a temperate region for over 50 years, with limited genetic changes suggesting a latent state and with activation, potential aerosolization, and local dispersal following unusually high rainfall. IMPORTANCEBurkholderia pseudomallei is predominantly a tropical pathogen uncommonly found in the environment of temperate climatic regions. It is unclear if introduction into temperate regions is sporadic and temporary or if B. pseudomallei can persist in such environments. B. pseudomallei was identified in the environment of southwest Western Australia with melioidosis cases between 1966 and 1991. We report a new cluster with 23 animal fatalities in the same region from 2017, with B. pseudomallei again being recovered from the environment. Comparison of the isolates from the first and second clusters using genomics revealed a single sequence type, high clonality, and limited recombination, even though the time of recovery of the isolates spanned 51 years. This is a major contrast to the extensive genomic diversity seen in the tropics. Our data support the suggestion that B. pseudomallei has the ability to persist in nontropical environments, potentially in a latent state, and has the ability to activate following favorable conditions (rainfall) and then infect animals and humans.
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Webb JR, Win MM, Zin KN, Win KKN, Wah TT, Ashley EA, Smithuis F, Swe MMM, Mayo M, Currie BJ, Dance DAB. Myanmar Burkholderia pseudomallei strains are genetically diverse and originate from Asia with phylogenetic evidence of reintroductions from neighbouring countries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16260. [PMID: 33004984 PMCID: PMC7530998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis was first identified in Myanmar in 1911 but for the last century it has remained largely unreported there. Burkholderia pseudomallei was first isolated from the environment of Myanmar in 2016, confirming continuing endemicity. Recent genomic studies showed that B. pseudomallei originated in Australia and spread to Asia, with phylogenetic evidence of repeated reintroduction of B. pseudomallei across countries bordered by the Mekong River and the Malay Peninsula. We present the first whole-genome sequences of B. pseudomallei isolates from Myanmar: nine clinical and seven environmental isolates. We used large-scale comparative genomics to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeography and potential origins of B. pseudomallei in Myanmar. Global phylogenetics demonstrated that Myanmar isolates group in two distantly related clades that reside in a more ancestral Asian clade with high amounts of genetic diversity. The diversity of B. pseudomallei from Myanmar and divergence within our global phylogeny suggest that the original introduction of B. pseudomallei to Myanmar was not a recent event. Our study provides new insights into global patterns of B. pseudomallei dissemination, most notably the dynamic nature of movement of B. pseudomallei within densely populated Southeast Asia. The role of anthropogenic influences in both ancient and more recent dissemination of B. pseudomallei to Myanmar and elsewhere in Southeast Asia and globally requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Webb
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - Mo Mo Win
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Khwar Nyo Zin
- Microbiology Laboratory, Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Elizabeth A Ashley
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Myanmar-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Frank Smithuis
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Myanmar-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Myo Maung Maung Swe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Mayo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Bart J Currie
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Northern Territory Medical Program, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - David A B Dance
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Renou A, Miltgen G, Blondé R, Jean F, Allyn J, Allou N. Case Report: Six New Cases of Melioidosis in the Indian Ocean Region: Comoros, Madagascar, Reunion Island. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1844-1845. [PMID: 32876008 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is an emerging disease caused by the environmental Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis has been reported to be endemic mainly in northern Australia and Southeast Asia. Here, we report the first two cases of melioidosis on the Comorian island of Mayotte. We also describe four cases that occurred over a short period of time in patients who had traveled between Mayotte, Madagascar, and Reunion Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Renou
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, France
| | - Guillaume Miltgen
- Bacteriologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, France
| | - Renaud Blondé
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Universitaire Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, France
| | - Fanny Jean
- Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Jérôme Allyn
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, France
| | - Nicolas Allou
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Saint Denis, France
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11
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Whole-genome sequencing of Burkholderia pseudomallei from an urban melioidosis hot spot reveals a fine-scale population structure and localised spatial clustering in the environment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5443. [PMID: 32214186 PMCID: PMC7096523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused by the environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei that affects both humans and animals throughout northern Australia, Southeast Asia and increasingly globally. While there is a considerable degree of genetic diversity amongst isolates, B. pseudomallei has a robust global biogeographic structure and genetic populations are spatially clustered in the environment. We examined the distribution and local spread of B. pseudomallei in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, which has the highest recorded urban incidence of melioidosis globally. We sampled soil and land runoff throughout the city centre and performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on B. pseudomallei isolates. By combining phylogenetic analyses, Bayesian clustering and spatial hot spot analysis our results demonstrate that some sequence types (STs) are widespread in the urban Darwin environment, while others are highly spatially clustered over a small geographic scale. This clustering matches the spatial distribution of clinical cases for one ST. Results also demonstrate a greater overall isolate diversity recovered from drains compared to park soils, further supporting the role drains may play in dispersal of B. pseudomallei STs in the environment. Collectively, knowledge gained from this study will allow for better understanding of B. pseudomallei phylogeography and melioidosis source attribution, particularly on a local level.
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12
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Rachlin A, Shilton C, Webb JR, Mayo M, Kaestli M, Kleinecke M, Rigas V, Benedict S, Gurry I, Currie BJ. Melioidosis fatalities in captive slender-tailed meerkats (Suricata suricatta): combining epidemiology, pathology and whole-genome sequencing supports variable mechanisms of transmission with one health implications. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:458. [PMID: 31856823 PMCID: PMC6921467 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease which is being increasingly recognised throughout the globe. Infection occurs in humans and animals, typically through direct exposure to soil or water containing the environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Case clusters of melioidosis have been described in humans following severe weather events and in exotic animals imported into melioidosis endemic zones. Direct transmission of B. pseudomallei between animals and/or humans has been documented but is considered extremely rare. Between March 2015 and October 2016 eight fatal cases of melioidosis were reported in slender-tailed meerkats (Suricata suricatta) on display at a Wildlife Park in Northern Australia. To further investigate the melioidosis case cluster we sampled the meerkat enclosure and adjacent park areas and performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on all culture-positive B. pseudomallei environmental and clinical isolates. Results WGS confirmed that the fatalities were caused by two different B. pseudomallei sequence types (STs) but that seven of the meerkat isolates were highly similar on the whole-genome level. Used concurrently with detailed pathology data, our results demonstrate that the seven cases originated from a single original source, but routes of infection varied amongst meerkats belonging to the clonal outbreak cluster. Moreover, in some instances direct transmission may have transpired through wounds inflicted while fighting. Conclusions Collectively, this study supports the use of high-resolution WGS to enhance epidemiological investigations into transmission modalities and pathogenesis of melioidosis, especially in the instance of a possible clonal outbreak scenario in exotic zoological collections. Such findings from an animal outbreak have important One Health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Rachlin
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Casuarina NT, 0811, Australia.
| | - Cathy Shilton
- Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Berrimah Farm, Makagon Road, Berrimah, Northern Territory, 0828, Australia
| | - Jessica R Webb
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Casuarina NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Casuarina NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Mirjam Kaestli
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Casuarina NT, 0811, Australia.,Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0811, Australia
| | - Mariana Kleinecke
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Casuarina NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Vanessa Rigas
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Casuarina NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Suresh Benedict
- Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Berrimah Farm, Makagon Road, Berrimah, Northern Territory, 0828, Australia
| | - Ian Gurry
- Parap Veterinary Hospital, Parap, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0820, Australia
| | - Bart J Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Casuarina NT, 0811, Australia.,Royal Darwin Hospital and Northern Territory Medical Program, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0811, Australia
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Rachlin A, Kleinecke M, Kaestli M, Mayo M, Webb JR, Rigas V, Shilton C, Benedict S, Dyrting K, Currie BJ. A cluster of melioidosis infections in hatchling saltwater crocodiles ( Crocodylus porosus) resolved using genome-wide comparison of a common north Australian strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 31433287 PMCID: PMC6755496 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative saprophytic bacillus and the aetiological agent of melioidosis, a disease of public-health importance throughout Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Infection can occur in humans and a wide array of animal species, though zoonotic transmission and case clusters are rare. Despite its highly plastic genome and extensive strain diversity, fine-scale investigations into the population structure of B. pseudomallei indicate there is limited geographical dispersal amongst sequence types (STs). In the ‘Top End’ of northern Australia, five STs comprise 90 % of the overall abundance, the most prevalent and widespread of which is ST-109. In May 2016, ST-109 was implicated in two fatal cases of melioidosis in juvenile saltwater crocodiles at a wildlife park near Darwin, Australia. To determine the probable source of infection, we sampled the crocodile enclosures and analysed the phylogenetic relatedness of crocodile and culture-positive ST-109 environmental park isolates against an additional 135 ST-109 B. pseudomallei isolates from the Top End. Collectively, our whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and pathology findings confirmed B. pseudomallei detected in the hatchling incubator as the likely source of infection, with zero SNPs identified between clinical and environmental isolates. Our results also demonstrate little variation across the ST-109 genome, with SNPs in recombinogenic regions and one suspected case of ST homoplasy accounting for nearly all observed diversity. Collectively, this study supports the use of WGS for outbreak source attribution in highly recombinogenic pathogens, and confirms the epidemiological and phylogenetic insights that can be gained from high-resolution sequencing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Rachlin
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
- *Correspondence: Audrey Rachlin,
| | - Mariana Kleinecke
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Mirjam Kaestli
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Webb
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Vanessa Rigas
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Cathy Shilton
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines, Berrimah Farm, Makagon Road, Berrimah, Northern Territory 0828, Australia
| | - Suresh Benedict
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines, Berrimah Farm, Makagon Road, Berrimah, Northern Territory 0828, Australia
| | - Kitman Dyrting
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines, Berrimah Farm, Makagon Road, Berrimah, Northern Territory 0828, Australia
| | - Bart J. Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
- Royal Darwin Hospital and Northern Territory Medical Program, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
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Aziz A, Sarovich DS, Harris TM, Kaestli M, McRobb E, Mayo M, Currie BJ, Price EP. Suspected cases of intracontinental Burkholderia pseudomallei sequence type homoplasy resolved using whole-genome sequencing. Microb Genom 2019; 3. [PMID: 29208140 PMCID: PMC5729916 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium that causes melioidosis, a disease of high mortality in humans and animals. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a popular and portable genotyping method that has been used extensively to characterise the genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei populations. MLST has been central to our understanding of the underlying phylogeographical signal present in the B. pseudomallei genome, revealing distinct populations on both the intra- and the inter-continental level. However, due to its high recombination rate, it is possible for B. pseudomallei isolates to share the same multilocus sequence type (ST) despite being genetically and geographically distinct, with two cases of ‘ST homoplasy’ recently reported between Cambodian and Australian B. pseudomallei isolates. This phenomenon can dramatically confound conclusions about melioidosis transmission patterns and source attribution, a critical issue for bacteria such as B. pseudomallei that are of concern due to their potential for use as bioweapons. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing to identify the first reported instances of intracontinental ST homoplasy, which involved ST-722 and ST-804 B. pseudomallei isolates separated by large geographical distances. In contrast, a third suspected homoplasy case was shown to be a true long-range (460 km) dispersal event between a remote Australian island and the Australian mainland. Our results show that, whilst a highly useful and portable method, MLST can occasionally lead to erroneous conclusions about isolate origin and disease attribution. In cases where a shared ST is identified between geographically distant locales, whole-genome sequencing should be used to resolve strain origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Aziz
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Derek S Sarovich
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.,2Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tegan M Harris
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Mirjam Kaestli
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.,3Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Evan McRobb
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Bart J Currie
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Erin P Price
- 2Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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Baker AL, Pearson T, Sahl JW, Hepp C, Price EP, Sarovich DS, Mayo M, Tuanyok A, Currie BJ, Keim P, Warner J. Burkholderia pseudomallei distribution in Australasia is linked to paleogeographic and anthropogenic history. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206845. [PMID: 30395628 PMCID: PMC6218070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the environmental bacillus that causes melioidosis; a disease clinically significant in Australia and Southeast Asia but emerging in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the globe. Previous studies have placed the ancestral population of the organism in Australia with a single lineage disseminated to Southeast Asia. We have previously characterized B. pseudomallei isolates from New Guinea and the Torres Strait archipelago; remote regions that share paleogeographic ties with Australia. These studies identified regional biogeographical boundaries. In this study, we utilize whole-genome sequencing to reconstruct ancient evolutionary relationships and ascertain correlations between paleogeography and present-day distribution of this bacterium in Australasia. Our results indicate that B. pseudomallei from New Guinea fall into a single clade within the Australian population. Furthermore, clades from New Guinea are region-specific; an observation possibly linked to limited recent anthropogenic influence in comparison to mainland Australia and Southeast Asia. Isolates from the Torres Strait archipelago were distinct yet scattered among those from mainland Australia. These results provide evidence that the New Guinean and Torres Strait lineages may be remnants of an ancient portion of the Australian population. Rising sea levels isolated New Guinea and the Torres Strait Islands from each other and the Australian mainland, and may have allowed long-term isolated evolution of these lineages, providing support for a theory of microbial biogeography congruent with that of macro flora and fauna. Moreover, these findings indicate that contemporary microbial biogeography theories should consider recent and ongoing impacts of globalisation and human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Baker
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Talima Pearson
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Sahl
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Crystal Hepp
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Informatics and Computing, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erin P. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek S. Sarovich
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Apichai Tuanyok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bart J. Currie
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Paul Keim
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Sadiq MA, Hassan L, Aziz SA, Zakaria Z, Musa HI, Amin MM, Othman N. Phylogenetic Diversity of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from veterinary cases and the environments in Peninsular Malaysia. Vet Anim Sci 2018; 6:21-28. [PMID: 32734049 PMCID: PMC7386693 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the genotype and the phylogeny of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from veterinary cases and from the animal environments in Peninsular Malaysia. The Malaysian B. pseudomallei population were then compared to those found elsewhere. A total of 113 isolates from veterinary cases (35) and the environment (56 from soil and 22 from water) were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Two novel alleles, allele 97 and 69 of the gene locus ace and lepA respectively were recovered. Isolates were resolved into 12 distinct sequence types (STs) out of which five were novel, namely ST1130, ST1131, ST1338, ST1339 and ST1367. The isolates from veterinary cases co-clustered with those from the environment. B. pseudomallei isolates in this study were highly clonal and have descended from a common ancestor clonal complex (CC) 48 found in Southeast Asia. This study shows that veterinary case isolates are often caused by similar STs, with similar populations found in the direct animal environment and those previously reported to cause human infections in Malaysia and elsewhere. Isolates of B. pseudomallei from human infections have been given more attention, with a comparatively lower focus on isolates from animals and the farm environment. This study highlighted the genotype and phylogeny of B. pseudomallei isolated from animals and the environment and their relations to the isolates from human cases reported in Malaysia and elsewhere. Most STs reported in this study, from veterinary cases and animal environment are similar to those previously reported as causing human infections in Malaysia and elsewhere. Therefore, even though direct zoonosis is uncommon, monitoring melioidosis occurrences in animals can provide insights on the bacterial strains infecting humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 44300 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 44300 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Saleha Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 44300 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 44300 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Ismail Musa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 44300 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Maswati Mat Amin
- Makmal Veterinar Kawasan Bukit Tengah, Peti Surat 63, 14007 Bukit Mertajam, Seberang Perai Tengah, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norlida Othman
- Makmal Veterinar Kawasan Kota Bharu, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Price EP, Currie BJ, Sarovich DS. Genomic Insights Into the Melioidosis Pathogen, Burkholderia pseudomallei. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-017-0111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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